diff --git a/.github/workflows/cachix.yml b/.github/workflows/cachix.yml
index 2d1c89e3..193cbf3d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cachix.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cachix.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   publish:
     name: Publish Flake
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Install Nix
         uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v31
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check.yml b/.github/workflows/check.yml
index 56e8e14d..3d363578 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check.yml
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ env:
   SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: true
   RUSTC_WRAPPER: sccache
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   clippy:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: |
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: |
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
   stylua:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: JohnnyMorganz/stylua-action@v4
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/draft.yml b/.github/workflows/draft.yml
index 15f6a43d..4df42b5b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/draft.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/draft.yml
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ on:
 env:
   SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   build-unix:
     strategy:
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       CARGO_TARGET_RISCV64GC_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER: riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc
       CARGO_TARGET_SPARC64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER: sparc64-linux-gnu-gcc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Install gcc
         if: matrix.gcc != ''
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
         run: ./scripts/build.sh ${{ matrix.target }}
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.target }}
           path: |
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
       CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_PC_WINDOWS_MSVC_LINKER: lld-link.exe
       CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_PC_WINDOWS_MSVC_LINKER: lld-link.exe
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
           Compress-Archive -Path ${env:TARGET_NAME} -DestinationPath "${env:TARGET_NAME}.zip"
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.target }}
           path: yazi-${{ matrix.target }}.zip
@@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ jobs:
     container:
       image: docker://ghcr.io/cross-rs/${{ matrix.target }}:edge
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
         run: ./scripts/build.sh ${{ matrix.target }}
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.target }}
           path: |
@@ -147,12 +150,12 @@ jobs:
             arch: arm64
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup LXD
-        uses: canonical/setup-lxd@v0.1.3
+        uses: canonical/setup-lxd@v1
 
       - name: Setup snapcraft
         run: sudo snap install --classic snapcraft
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ jobs:
         run: mv yazi_*.snap yazi-${{ matrix.arch }}.snap
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: snap-${{ matrix.arch }}
           path: yazi-${{ matrix.arch }}.snap
@@ -173,7 +176,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [build-snap]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           pattern: snap-*
           merge-multiple: true
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [build-unix, build-windows, build-musl, build-snap]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           merge-multiple: true
 
@@ -227,11 +230,12 @@ jobs:
           echo 'NIGHTLY_BODY<<EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "From commit: ${GITHUB_SHA:0:8}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "Generated on: $(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") UTC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "Nightly changelog: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#unreleased" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "EOF" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           merge-multiple: true
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lock.yml b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
index 9d0819fe..a5a69e25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
       discussions: write
     steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v5
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v6
         with:
           issue-inactive-days: "30"
           issue-comment: >
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index f7776fd3..624175c0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ on:
   release:
     types: [published]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   winget:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           merge-multiple: true
 
@@ -19,6 +22,13 @@ jobs:
           installers-regex: 'yazi-(x86_64|aarch64)-pc-windows-msvc\.zip$'
           token: ${{ secrets.WINGET_TOKEN }}
 
+  snapcraft:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          merge-multiple: true
+
       - name: Promote snap to stable
         env:
           SNAPCRAFT_STORE_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.SNAPCRAFT_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index e524a55a..5072fb74 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ env:
   RUSTC_WRAPPER: sccache
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   test:
     strategy:
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: rustup toolchain install stable --profile minimal
diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate-form.yml b/.github/workflows/validate-form.yml
index 2d48f16a..b9416d4b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate-form.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate-form.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       issues: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 28c2366d..84dfe251 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,16 +12,33 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [v26.1.4]
+
 ### Added
 
-- Remote file management ([#3166], [#3170], [#3172], [#3198], [#3201], [#3243], [#3264], [#3268])
+- Support VFS for preset previewers that rely on external commands ([#3477])
+- Support 8-bit images in RGB, CIELAB, and GRAY color spaces ([#3358])
+
+### Fixed
+
+- `ya pkg` fails to write `package.toml` when the config directory does not exist ([#3482])
+- A race condition generating unique filenames for concurrent file operations ([#3494])
+
+## [v25.12.29]
+
+### Added
+
+- Remote file management ([#3396])
 - Virtual file system ([#3034], [#3035], [#3094], [#3108], [#3187], [#3203])
 - Shell formatting ([#3232])
 - Multi-entry support for plugin system ([#3154])
 - Zoom in or out of the preview image ([#2864])
 - Improve the UX of the pick and input components ([#2906], [#2935])
 - Show progress of each task in task manager ([#3121], [#3131], [#3134])
+- New `fs.copy()` and `fs.rename()` APIs ([#3467])
+- New experimental `ya.async()` API ([#3422])
 - New `overall` option to set the overall background color ([#3317])
+- Rounded corners for indicator bar ([#3419])
 - New `bulk_rename` command always renames files with the editor ([#2984])
 - `key-*` DDS events to allow changing or canceling user key events ([#3005], [#3037])
 - New `--bg` specifying image background color in the preset SVG and ImageMagick previewers ([#3189])
@@ -30,12 +47,14 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 - Allow dynamic adjustment of layout ratio via `rt.mgr.ratio` ([#2964])
 - Support `.deb` packages ([#2807], [#3128], [#3209])
 - Port several widespread GUI keys to the input component ([#2849])
-- Support invalid UTF-8 paths throughout the codebase ([#2884], [#2889], [#2890], [#2895], [#3023], [#3290])
+- Support invalid UTF-8 paths throughout the codebase ([#2884], [#2889], [#2890], [#2895], [#3023], [#3290], [#3369])
 - Allow upgrading only specific packages with `ya pkg` ([#2841])
 - Respect the user's `image_filter` setting in the preset ImageMagick previewer ([#3286])
+- New `duplicate` DDS event for copying files ([#3456])
+- New `ind-sort` and `key-sort` DDS events to change sorting in Lua ([#3391])
 - Allow custom mouse click behavior for individual files ([#2925])
 - Display newlines in input as spaces to improve readability ([#2932])
-- Fill in error messages if preview fails ([#2917])
+- Fill in error messages if preview fails ([#2917], [#3383], [#3387])
 - Search view shares file selection and yank state ([#2855])
 - Offload mimetype fetching on opening files to the task scheduler ([#3141])
 - Increase terminal response timeout to better tolerate slow SSH network environments ([#2843])
@@ -44,7 +63,9 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 
 - Rename `name` to `url` for open, fetchers, spotters, preloaders, previewers, filetype, and `globs` icon rules to support virtual file system ([#3034])
 - Rename `mime` fetcher to `mime.local`, and introduce `mime.dir` fetcher to support folder MIME types ([#3222])
+- Reclassify `hovered` and `preview_hovered` under `[mgr]` of `theme.toml` into `[indicator]` as `current` and `preview`, respectively ([#3419])
 - Remove `$0` parameter in opener rules to make the `open` command work under empty directories ([#3226])
+- Return `Path` instead of `Url` from `Url:strip_prefix()` and `File.link_to` to enforce type safety ([#3361], [#3385])
 - Use `body` instead of the term `content` in confirmations ([#2921])
 - Use `u16` instead of `u32` as the type of `max_width` and `max_height` options to avoid memory exhaustion ([#3313])
 - Implement `__pairs` metamethod instead of `__index` for the callback argument of the `@yank` DDS event ([#2997])
@@ -60,6 +81,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- User-prepended open rules do not override presets ([#3360])
 - Respect user's system media opener instead of hardcoding `mpv` ([#2959])
 - Incorrect `$0` and `$@` parameters in `shell` command under empty directories ([#3225])
 - Avoid appending a newline when reading clipboard contents ([#3059])
@@ -71,14 +93,17 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 - Force Git checkout for plugin cache repositories ([#3169])
 - Check compatibility when reusing previewer bytecode cache ([#3190])
 - Disable kitty keyboard protocol on Windows due to `crossterm` inability to handle it ([#3250])
+- Prevent quotes in file(1) arguments from being stripped under MSYS2 ([#3364])
 - Expose `ya` CLI in the Snap build ([#2904])
 - Fallback to `PollWatcher` for file changes watching on NetBSD ([#2941])
 - Generate unique image IDs for Kgp to tolerate tmux ([#3038])
 
 ### Improved
 
+- Make copy, cut, delete, link, hardlink, download, and upload tasks immediately cancellable ([#3429])
 - Make preload tasks discardable ([#2875])
 - Reduce file change event frequency ([#2820])
+- Upload and download of a single file over SFTP in chunks concurrently ([#3393])
 - Do not listen for file changes in inactive tabs ([#2958])
 - Switch to a higher-performance hash algorithm ([#3083])
 - Sequence-based rendering merge strategy ([#2861])
@@ -776,7 +801,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 - Show keywords when in search mode ([#152])
 - Tab switch wraparound ([#160])
 - Highlight matched keywords in find mode ([#211])
-- Customable main UI border styles ([#278])
+- Customizable main UI border styles ([#278])
 - `<BackTab>` key notion ([#209])
 - Use of environment variables in `cd` paths ([#241])
 - Nix Flakes package ([#205])
@@ -962,6 +987,8 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 [v25.4.8]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/compare/v25.3.2...v25.4.8
 [v25.5.28]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/compare/v25.4.8...v25.5.28
 [v25.5.31]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/compare/v25.5.28...v25.5.31
+[v25.12.29]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/compare/v25.5.31...v25.12.29
+[v26.1.4]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/compare/v25.12.29...v26.1.4
 [#4]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/4
 [#5]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/5
 [#6]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/6
@@ -1537,3 +1564,22 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 [#3290]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3290
 [#3313]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3313
 [#3317]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3317
+[#3358]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3358
+[#3360]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3360
+[#3361]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3361
+[#3364]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3364
+[#3369]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3369
+[#3383]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3383
+[#3385]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3385
+[#3387]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3387
+[#3391]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3391
+[#3393]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3393
+[#3396]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3396
+[#3419]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3419
+[#3422]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3422
+[#3429]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3429
+[#3456]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3456
+[#3467]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3467
+[#3477]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3477
+[#3482]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3482
+[#3494]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3494
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 21bc9c78..b0184377 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d122413f284cf2d62fb1b7db97e02edb8cda96d769b16e443a4f6195e35662b0"
 dependencies = [
- "crypto-common",
- "generic-array",
+ "crypto-common 0.1.7",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -61,6 +61,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "aligned"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee4508988c62edf04abd8d92897fca0c2995d907ce1dfeaf369dac3716a40685"
+dependencies = [
+ "as-slice",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "aligned-vec"
 version = "0.6.4"
@@ -87,15 +96,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ansi-to-tui"
-version = "7.0.0"
+version = "8.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67555e1f1ece39d737e28c8a017721287753af3f93225e4a445b29ccb0f5912c"
+checksum = "fdfd3cbf4843347ca072771a797484f1c3434a14d57f39d31c92dfb93a8799a8"
 dependencies = [
- "nom 7.1.3",
- "ratatui",
+ "nom 8.0.0",
+ "ratatui-core",
  "simdutf8",
  "smallvec",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -130,22 +139,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-query"
-version = "1.1.4"
+version = "1.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9e231f6134f61b71076a3eab506c379d4f36122f2af15a9ff04415ea4c3339e2"
+checksum = "40c48f72fd53cd289104fc64099abca73db4166ad86ea0b4341abe65af83dadc"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-wincon"
-version = "3.0.10"
+version = "3.0.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3e0633414522a32ffaac8ac6cc8f748e090c5717661fddeea04219e2344f5f2a"
+checksum = "291e6a250ff86cd4a820112fb8898808a366d8f9f58ce16d1f538353ad55747d"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "once_cell_polyfill",
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -154,15 +163,6 @@ version = "1.0.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a23eb6b1614318a8071c9b2521f36b424b2c83db5eb3a0fead4a6c0809af6e61"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "approx"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cab112f0a86d568ea0e627cc1d6be74a1e9cd55214684db5561995f6dad897c6"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
 version = "1.4.2"
@@ -171,9 +171,12 @@ checksum = "c3d036a3c4ab069c7b410a2ce876bd74808d2d0888a82667669f8e783a898bf1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arc-swap"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69f7f8c3906b62b754cd5326047894316021dcfe5a194c8ea52bdd94934a3457"
+checksum = "51d03449bb8ca2cc2ef70869af31463d1ae5ccc8fa3e334b307203fbf815207e"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustversion",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arg_enum_proc_macro"
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ checksum = "0ae92a5119aa49cdbcf6b9f893fe4e1d98b04ccbf82ee0584ad948a44a734dea"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -204,6 +207,15 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "as-slice"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "516b6b4f0e40d50dcda9365d53964ec74560ad4284da2e7fc97122cd83174516"
+dependencies = [
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-priority-channel"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -213,12 +225,41 @@ dependencies = [
  "event-listener",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "atomic"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a89cbf775b137e9b968e67227ef7f775587cde3fd31b0d8599dbd0f598a48340"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "av-scenechange"
+version = "0.14.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f321d77c20e19b92c39e7471cf986812cbb46659d2af674adc4331ef3f18394"
+dependencies = [
+ "aligned",
+ "anyhow",
+ "arg_enum_proc_macro",
+ "arrayvec",
+ "log",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
+ "pastey",
+ "rayon",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
+ "v_frame",
+ "y4m",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "av1-grain"
 version = "0.2.5"
@@ -254,7 +295,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide",
  "object",
  "rustc-demangle",
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -263,6 +304,12 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4c7f02d4ea65f2c1853089ffd8d2787bdbc63de2f0d29dedbcf8ccdfa0ccd4cf"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base16ct"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fd307490d624467aa6f74b0eabb77633d1f758a7b25f12bceb0b22e08d9726f6"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.22.1"
@@ -271,9 +318,9 @@ checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64ct"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8c3c1a368f70d6cf7302d78f8f7093da241fb8e8807c05cc9e51a125895a6d5b"
+checksum = "7d809780667f4410e7c41b07f52439b94d2bdf8528eeedc287fa38d3b7f95d82"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bcrypt-pbkdf"
@@ -283,7 +330,7 @@ checksum = "6aeac2e1fe888769f34f05ac343bbef98b14d1ffb292ab69d4608b3abc86f2a2"
 dependencies = [
  "blowfish",
  "pbkdf2",
- "sha2",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -305,6 +352,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0700ddab506f33b20a03b13996eccd309a48e5ff77d0d95926aa0210fb4e95f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-vec"
+version = "0.6.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "349f9b6a179ed607305526ca489b34ad0a41aed5f7980fa90eb03160b69598fb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bit_field"
 version = "0.10.3"
@@ -328,9 +390,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitstream-io"
-version = "2.6.0"
+version = "4.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6099cdc01846bc367c4e7dd630dc5966dccf36b652fae7a74e17b640411a91b2"
+checksum = "60d4bd9d1db2c6bdf285e223a7fa369d5ce98ec767dec949c6ca62863ce61757"
+dependencies = [
+ "core2",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitvec"
@@ -350,7 +415,7 @@ version = "0.10.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46502ad458c9a52b69d4d4d32775c788b7a1b85e8bc9d482d92250fc0e3f8efe"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -359,7 +424,16 @@ version = "0.10.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "96eb4cdd6cf1b31d671e9efe75c5d1ec614776856cefbe109ca373554a6d514f"
+dependencies = [
+ "hybrid-array",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -368,7 +442,7 @@ version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a8894febbff9f758034a5b8e12d87918f56dfc64a8e1fe757d65e29041538d93"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -393,15 +467,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "built"
-version = "0.7.7"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56ed6191a7e78c36abdb16ab65341eefd73d64d303fffccdbb00d51e4205967b"
+checksum = "f4ad8f11f288f48ca24471bbd51ac257aaeaaa07adae295591266b792902ae64"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.19.0"
+version = "3.19.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "46c5e41b57b8bba42a04676d81cb89e9ee8e859a1a66f80a5a72e1cb76b34d43"
+checksum = "5dd9dc738b7a8311c7ade152424974d8115f2cdad61e8dab8dac9f2362298510"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "by_address"
@@ -414,6 +488,20 @@ name = "bytemuck"
 version = "1.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1fbdf580320f38b612e485521afda1ee26d10cc9884efaaa750d383e13e3c5f4"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck_derive"
+version = "1.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9abbd1bc6865053c427f7198e6af43bfdedc55ab791faed4fbd361d789575ff"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
@@ -429,15 +517,9 @@ checksum = "8f1fe948ff07f4bd06c30984e69f5b4899c516a3ef74f34df92a2df2ab535495"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "1.10.1"
+version = "1.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d71b6127be86fdcfddb610f7182ac57211d4b18a3e9c82eb2d17662f2227ad6a"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cassowary"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df8670b8c7b9dae1793364eafadf7239c40d669904660c5960d74cfd80b46a53"
+checksum = "b35204fbdc0b3f4446b89fc1ac2cf84a8a68971995d0bf2e925ec7cd960f9cb3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "castaway"
@@ -459,9 +541,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.44"
+version = "1.2.51"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37521ac7aabe3d13122dc382493e20c9416f299d2ccd5b3a5340a2570cdeb0f3"
+checksum = "7a0aeaff4ff1a90589618835a598e545176939b97874f7abc7851caa0618f203"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "jobserver",
@@ -469,16 +551,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cfg-expr"
-version = "0.15.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d067ad48b8650848b989a59a86c6c36a995d02d2bf778d45c3c5d57bc2718f02"
-dependencies = [
- "smallvec",
- "target-lexicon",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.4"
@@ -512,7 +584,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "num-traits",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -521,15 +593,15 @@ version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773f3b9af64447d2ce9850330c473515014aa235e6a783b02db81ff39e4a3dad"
 dependencies = [
- "crypto-common",
+ "crypto-common 0.1.7",
  "inout",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.5.51"
+version = "4.5.54"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c26d721170e0295f191a69bd9a1f93efcdb0aff38684b61ab5750468972e5f5"
+checksum = "c6e6ff9dcd79cff5cd969a17a545d79e84ab086e444102a591e288a8aa3ce394"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -537,9 +609,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.5.51"
+version = "4.5.54"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75835f0c7bf681bfd05abe44e965760fea999a5286c6eb2d59883634fd02011a"
+checksum = "fa42cf4d2b7a41bc8f663a7cab4031ebafa1bf3875705bfaf8466dc60ab52c00"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -549,9 +621,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_complete"
-version = "4.5.60"
+version = "4.5.64"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e602857739c5a4291dfa33b5a298aeac9006185229a700e5810a3ef7272d971"
+checksum = "4c0da80818b2d95eca9aa614a30783e42f62bf5fdfee24e68cfb960b071ba8d1"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
 ]
@@ -585,7 +657,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -603,6 +675,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "error-code",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cmov"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c11ed919bd3bae4af5ab56372b627dfc32622aba6cec36906e8ab46746037c9d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "color_quant"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -617,15 +695,16 @@ checksum = "b05b61dc5112cbb17e4b6cd61790d9845d13888356391624cbe7e41efeac1e75"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "compact_str"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3b79c4069c6cad78e2e0cdfcbd26275770669fb39fd308a752dc110e83b9af32"
+checksum = "3fdb1325a1cece981e8a296ab8f0f9b63ae357bd0784a9faaf548cc7b480707a"
 dependencies = [
  "castaway",
  "cfg-if",
  "itoa",
  "rustversion",
  "ryu",
+ "serde",
  "static_assertions",
 ]
 
@@ -657,10 +736,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2459377285ad874054d797f3ccebf984978aa39129f6eafde5cdc8315b612f8"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "convert_case"
-version = "0.7.1"
+name = "const-oid"
+version = "0.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb402b8d4c85569410425650ce3eddc7d698ed96d39a73f941b08fb63082f1e7"
+checksum = "0dabb6555f92fb9ee4140454eb5dcd14c7960e1225c6d1a6cc361f032947713e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
@@ -673,15 +758,24 @@ checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "core-models"
-version = "0.0.3"
+version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "94950e87ea550d6d68f1993f3e7bebc8cb7235157bff84337d46195c3aa0b3f0"
+checksum = "0940496e5c83c54f3b753d5317daec82e8edac71c33aaa1f666d76f518de2444"
 dependencies = [
  "hax-lib",
  "pastey",
  "rand 0.9.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "core2"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b49ba7ef1ad6107f8824dbe97de947cbaac53c44e7f9756a1fba0d37c1eec505"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -745,7 +839,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "mio",
  "parking_lot",
  "rustix 0.38.44",
- "signal-hook",
+ "serde",
+ "signal-hook 0.3.18",
  "signal-hook-mio",
  "winapi",
 ]
@@ -765,8 +860,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "mio",
  "parking_lot",
- "rustix 1.1.2",
- "signal-hook",
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "serde",
+ "signal-hook 0.3.18",
  "signal-hook-mio",
  "winapi",
 ]
@@ -792,22 +888,65 @@ version = "0.5.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0dc92fb57ca44df6db8059111ab3af99a63d5d0f8375d9972e319a379c6bab76"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.1.6"
+name = "crypto-bigint"
+version = "0.7.0-rc.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1bfb12502f3fc46cca1bb51ac28df9d618d813cdc3d2f25b9fe775a34af26bb3"
+checksum = "b2bb4138de6db76c8155b4423e967049fbef2cf84ad6af7f552f73a161941b72"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "ctutils",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0-rc-3",
+ "serdect",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "typenum",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.2.0-rc.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6165b8029cdc3e765b74d3548f85999ee799d5124877ce45c2c85ca78e4d4aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "hybrid-array",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-primes"
+version = "0.7.0-pre.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "da0b07a7a616370e8b6efca0c6a25e5f4c6d02fde11f3d570e4af64d8ed7e2e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "crypto-bigint 0.7.0-rc.13",
+ "libm",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0-rc-3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "csscolorparser"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eb2a7d3066da2de787b7f032c736763eb7ae5d355f81a68bab2675a96008b0bf"
+dependencies = [
+ "lab",
+ "phf",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ctr"
 version = "0.9.2"
@@ -817,6 +956,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "cipher",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ctutils"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7c67c81499f542d1dd38c6a2a2fe825f4dd4bca5162965dd2eea0c8119873d3c"
+dependencies = [
+ "cmov",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "curve25519-dalek"
 version = "4.1.3"
@@ -826,7 +974,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures",
  "curve25519-dalek-derive",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "fiat-crypto",
  "rustc_version",
  "subtle",
@@ -841,7 +989,7 @@ checksum = "f46882e17999c6cc590af592290432be3bce0428cb0d5f8b6715e4dc7b383eb3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -850,8 +998,18 @@ version = "0.20.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fc7f46116c46ff9ab3eb1597a45688b6715c6e628b5c133e288e709a29bcb4ee"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "darling_macro",
+ "darling_core 0.20.11",
+ "darling_macro 0.20.11",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "25ae13da2f202d56bd7f91c25fba009e7717a1e4a1cc98a76d844b65ae912e9d"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.23.0",
+ "darling_macro 0.23.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -865,7 +1023,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_core"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9865a50f7c335f53564bb694ef660825eb8610e0a53d3e11bf1b0d3df31e03b0"
+dependencies = [
+ "ident_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "strsim",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -874,9 +1045,20 @@ version = "0.20.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fc34b93ccb385b40dc71c6fceac4b2ad23662c7eeb248cf10d529b7e055b6ead"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
+ "darling_core 0.20.11",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_macro"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3984ec7bd6cfa798e62b4a642426a5be0e68f9401cfc2a01e3fa9ea2fcdb8d"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.23.0",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -908,23 +1090,40 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "delegate"
-version = "0.13.4"
+version = "0.13.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6178a82cf56c836a3ba61a7935cdb1c49bfaa6fa4327cd5bf554a503087de26b"
+checksum = "780eb241654bf097afb00fc5f054a09b687dad862e485fdcf8399bb056565370"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deltae"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5729f5117e208430e437df2f4843f5e5952997175992d1414f94c57d61e270b4"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "der"
 version = "0.7.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e7c1832837b905bbfb5101e07cc24c8deddf52f93225eee6ead5f4d63d53ddcb"
 dependencies = [
- "const-oid",
- "pem-rfc7468",
+ "const-oid 0.9.6",
+ "pem-rfc7468 0.7.0",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "der"
+version = "0.8.0-rc.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "02c1d73e9668ea6b6a28172aa55f3ebec38507131ce179051c8033b5c6037653"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-oid 0.10.1",
+ "pem-rfc7468 1.0.0",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
@@ -952,10 +1151,10 @@ version = "0.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2d5bcf7b024d6835cfb3d473887cd966994907effbe9227e8c8219824d06c4e8"
 dependencies = [
- "darling",
+ "darling 0.20.11",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -965,28 +1164,29 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab63b0e2bf4d5928aff72e83a7dace85d7bba5fe12dcc3c5a572d78caffd3f3c"
 dependencies = [
  "derive_builder_core",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
-version = "2.0.1"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "093242cf7570c207c83073cf82f79706fe7b8317e98620a47d5be7c3d8497678"
+checksum = "d751e9e49156b02b44f9c1815bcb94b984cdcc4396ecc32521c739452808b134"
 dependencies = [
  "derive_more-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more-impl"
-version = "2.0.1"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bda628edc44c4bb645fbe0f758797143e4e07926f7ebf4e9bdfbd3d2ce621df3"
+checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -995,12 +1195,23 @@ version = "0.10.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
 dependencies = [
- "block-buffer",
- "const-oid",
- "crypto-common",
+ "block-buffer 0.10.4",
+ "const-oid 0.9.6",
+ "crypto-common 0.1.7",
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.11.0-rc.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebf9423bafb058e4142194330c52273c343f8a5beb7176d052f0e73b17dd35b9"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer 0.11.0",
+ "const-oid 0.10.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.0-rc.8",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs"
 version = "6.0.0"
@@ -1037,12 +1248,12 @@ version = "0.16.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
- "der",
- "digest",
+ "der 0.7.10",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "rfc6979",
- "signature",
- "spki",
+ "signature 2.2.0",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1051,8 +1262,8 @@ version = "2.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "115531babc129696a58c64a4fef0a8bf9e9698629fb97e9e40767d235cfbcd53"
 dependencies = [
- "pkcs8",
- "signature",
+ "pkcs8 0.10.2",
+ "signature 2.2.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1065,7 +1276,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ed25519",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "serde",
- "sha2",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -1082,15 +1293,15 @@ version = "0.13.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
- "crypto-bigint",
- "digest",
+ "base16ct 0.2.0",
+ "crypto-bigint 0.5.5",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "ff",
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "group",
  "hkdf",
- "pem-rfc7468",
- "pkcs8",
+ "pem-rfc7468 0.7.0",
+ "pkcs8 0.10.2",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "sec1",
  "subtle",
@@ -1112,7 +1323,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1138,7 +1349,7 @@ checksum = "44f23cf4b44bfce11a86ace86f8a73ffdec849c9fd00a386a53d278bd9e81fb3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1149,9 +1360,9 @@ checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "erased-serde"
-version = "0.4.8"
+version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "259d404d09818dec19332e31d94558aeb442fea04c817006456c24b5460bbd4b"
+checksum = "89e8918065695684b2b0702da20382d5ae6065cf3327bc2d6436bd49a71ce9f3"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
@@ -1174,6 +1385,15 @@ version = "3.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dea2df4cf52843e0452895c455a1a2cfbb842a1e7329671acf418fdc53ed4c59"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "euclid"
+version = "0.22.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ad9cdb4b747e485a12abb0e6566612956c7a1bafa3bdb8d682c5b6d403589e48"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "event-listener"
 version = "4.0.3"
@@ -1187,19 +1407,28 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "exr"
-version = "1.73.0"
+version = "1.74.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f83197f59927b46c04a183a619b7c29df34e63e63c7869320862268c0ef687e0"
+checksum = "4300e043a56aa2cb633c01af81ca8f699a321879a7854d3896a0ba89056363be"
 dependencies = [
  "bit_field",
  "half",
  "lebe",
  "miniz_oxide",
- "rayon-core",
  "smallvec",
  "zune-inflate",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fancy-regex"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b95f7c0680e4142284cf8b22c14a476e87d61b004a3a0861872b32ef7ead40a2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-set",
+ "regex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fast-srgb8"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -1254,9 +1483,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "52051878f80a721bb68ebfbc930e07b65ba72f2da88968ea5c06fd6ca3d3a127"
+checksum = "645cbb3a84e60b7531617d5ae4e57f7e27308f6445f5abf653209ea76dec8dff"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "finl_unicode"
+version = "1.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9844ddc3a6e533d62bba727eb6c28b5d360921d5175e9ff0f1e621a5c590a4d5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fixedbitset"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flate2"
@@ -1274,12 +1515,6 @@ version = "1.0.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f9eec918d3f24069decb9af1554cad7c880e2da24a9afd88aca000531ab82c1"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "foldhash"
-version = "0.1.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "foldhash"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -1357,7 +1592,7 @@ checksum = "162ee34ebcb7c64a8abebc059ce0fee27c2262618d7b60ed8faf72fef13c3650"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1392,15 +1627,26 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
-version = "0.14.9"
+version = "0.14.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4bb6743198531e02858aeaea5398fcc883e71851fcbcb5a2f773e2fb6cb1edf2"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
 dependencies = [
  "typenum",
  "version_check",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
+version = "1.3.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eaf57c49a95fd1fe24b90b3033bee6dc7e8f1288d51494cb44e627c295e38542"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
+ "rustversion",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.16"
@@ -1438,9 +1684,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gif"
-version = "0.13.3"
+version = "0.14.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4ae047235e33e2829703574b54fdec96bfbad892062d97fed2f76022287de61b"
+checksum = "f5df2ba84018d80c213569363bdcd0c64e6933c67fe4c1d60ecf822971a3c35e"
 dependencies = [
  "color_quant",
  "weezl",
@@ -1489,25 +1735,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.15.5"
+version = "0.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
 dependencies = [
  "allocator-api2",
  "equivalent",
- "foldhash 0.1.5",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.16.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5419bdc4f6a9207fbeba6d11b604d481addf78ecd10c11ad51e76c2f6482748d"
-dependencies = [
- "allocator-api2",
- "equivalent",
- "foldhash 0.2.0",
+ "foldhash",
  "serde",
+ "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1531,7 +1767,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1586,7 +1822,7 @@ version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1598,6 +1834,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hybrid-array"
+version = "0.4.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f471e0a81b2f90ffc0cb2f951ae04da57de8baa46fa99112b062a5173a5088d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "typenum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
 version = "0.1.64"
@@ -1630,9 +1875,9 @@ checksum = "b9e0384b61958566e926dc50660321d12159025e767c18e043daf26b70104c39"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "image"
-version = "0.25.8"
+version = "0.25.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "529feb3e6769d234375c4cf1ee2ce713682b8e76538cb13f9fc23e1400a591e7"
+checksum = "e6506c6c10786659413faa717ceebcb8f70731c0a60cbae39795fdf114519c1a"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "byteorder-lite",
@@ -1668,12 +1913,12 @@ checksum = "e7c5cedc30da3a610cac6b4ba17597bdf7152cf974e8aab3afb3d54455e371c8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.12.0"
+version = "2.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6717a8d2a5a929a1a2eb43a12812498ed141a0bcfb7e8f7844fbdbe4303bba9f"
+checksum = "0ad4bb2b565bca0645f4d68c5c9af97fba094e9791da685bf83cb5f3ce74acf2"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
 ]
@@ -1714,30 +1959,31 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "879f10e63c20629ecabbb64a8010319738c66a5cd0c29b02d63d272b03751d01"
 dependencies = [
  "block-padding",
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "instability"
-version = "0.3.9"
+version = "0.3.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "435d80800b936787d62688c927b6490e887c7ef5ff9ce922c6c6050fca75eb9a"
+checksum = "357b7205c6cd18dd2c86ed312d1e70add149aea98e7ef72b9fdf0270e555c11d"
 dependencies = [
- "darling",
+ "darling 0.23.0",
  "indoc",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "internal-russh-forked-ssh-key"
-version = "0.6.11+upstream-0.6.7"
+version = "0.6.16+upstream-0.6.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e0a77eae781ed6a7709fb15b64862fcca13d886b07c7e2786f5ed34e5e2b9187"
+checksum = "fe44f2bbd99fcb302e246e2d6bcf51aeda346d02a365f80296a07a8c711b6da6"
 dependencies = [
  "argon2",
  "bcrypt-pbkdf",
+ "digest 0.11.0-rc.5",
  "ecdsa",
  "ed25519-dalek",
  "hex",
@@ -1749,9 +1995,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "rsa",
  "sec1",
- "sha1",
- "sha2",
- "signature",
+ "sha1 0.10.6",
+ "sha1 0.11.0-rc.3",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
+ "signature 2.2.0",
+ "signature 3.0.0-rc.6",
  "ssh-cipher",
  "ssh-encoding",
  "subtle",
@@ -1766,7 +2014,7 @@ checksum = "c34819042dc3d3971c46c2190835914dfbe0c3c13f61449b2997f4e9722dfa60"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1775,15 +2023,6 @@ version = "1.70.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a6cb138bb79a146c1bd460005623e142ef0181e3d0219cb493e02f7d08a35695"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "itertools"
-version = "0.12.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba291022dbbd398a455acf126c1e341954079855bc60dfdda641363bd6922569"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.13.0"
@@ -1804,9 +2043,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.15"
+version = "1.0.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4a5f13b858c8d314ee3e8f639011f7ccefe71f97f96e50151fb991f267928e2c"
+checksum = "92ecc6618181def0457392ccd0ee51198e065e016d1d527a7ac1b6dc7c1f09d2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jobserver"
@@ -1820,14 +2059,25 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.82"
+version = "0.3.83"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b011eec8cc36da2aab2d5cff675ec18454fad408585853910a202391cf9f8e65"
+checksum = "464a3709c7f55f1f721e5389aa6ea4e3bc6aba669353300af094b29ffbdde1d8"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "kasuari"
+version = "0.4.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8fe90c1150662e858c7d5f945089b7517b0a80d8bf7ba4b1b5ffc984e7230a5b"
+dependencies = [
+ "hashbrown",
+ "portable-atomic",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "kqueue"
 version = "1.1.1"
@@ -1848,6 +2098,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lab"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bf36173d4167ed999940f804952e6b08197cae5ad5d572eb4db150ce8ad5d58f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -1865,15 +2121,15 @@ checksum = "7a79a3332a6609480d7d0c9eab957bca6b455b91bb84e66d19f5ff66294b85b8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.177"
+version = "0.2.179"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2874a2af47a2325c2001a6e6fad9b16a53b802102b528163885171cf92b15976"
+checksum = "c5a2d376baa530d1238d133232d15e239abad80d05838b4b59354e5268af431f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libcrux-intrinsics"
-version = "0.0.3"
+version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d3b41dcbc21a5fb7efbbb5af7405b2e79c4bfe443924e90b13afc0080318d31"
+checksum = "bc9ee7ef66569dd7516454fe26de4e401c0c62073929803486b96744594b9632"
 dependencies = [
  "core-models",
  "hax-lib",
@@ -1881,16 +2137,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libcrux-ml-kem"
-version = "0.0.3"
+version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d368d3e8d6a74e277178d54921eca112a1e6b7837d7d8bc555091acb5d817f5"
+checksum = "4bb6a88086bf11bd2ec90926c749c4a427f2e59841437dbdede8cde8a96334ab"
 dependencies = [
  "hax-lib",
  "libcrux-intrinsics",
  "libcrux-platform",
  "libcrux-secrets",
  "libcrux-sha3",
+ "libcrux-traits",
  "rand 0.9.2",
+ "tls_codec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1904,22 +2162,33 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libcrux-secrets"
-version = "0.0.3"
+version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "332737e629fe6ba7547f5c0f90559eac865d5dbecf98138ffae8f16ab8cbe33f"
+checksum = "6e4dbbf6bc9f2bc0f20dc3bea3e5c99adff3bdccf6d2a40488963da69e2ec307"
 dependencies = [
  "hax-lib",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libcrux-sha3"
-version = "0.0.3"
+version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "29d95de4257eafdfaf3bffecadb615219b0ca920c553722b3646d32dde76c797"
+checksum = "2400bec764d1c75b8a496d5747cffe32f1fb864a12577f0aca2f55a92021c962"
 dependencies = [
  "hax-lib",
  "libcrux-intrinsics",
  "libcrux-platform",
+ "libcrux-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libcrux-traits"
+version = "0.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9adfd58e79d860f6b9e40e35127bfae9e5bd3ade33201d1347459011a2add034"
+dependencies = [
+ "libcrux-secrets",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1940,14 +2209,23 @@ checksum = "f9fbbcab51052fe104eb5e5d351cf728d30a5be1fe14d9be8a3b097481fb97de"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "0.1.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "416f7e718bdb06000964960ffa43b4335ad4012ae8b99060261aa4a8088d5ccb"
+checksum = "3d0b95e02c851351f877147b7deea7b1afb1df71b63aa5f8270716e0c5720616"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "line-clipping"
+version = "0.3.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5f4de44e98ddbf09375cbf4d17714d18f39195f4f4894e8524501726fd9a8a4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.10.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.15"
@@ -1977,9 +2255,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.28"
+version = "0.4.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "34080505efa8e45a4b816c349525ebe327ceaa8559756f0356cba97ef3bf7432"
+checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "loop9"
@@ -1990,22 +2268,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "imgref",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lru"
-version = "0.12.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "234cf4f4a04dc1f57e24b96cc0cd600cf2af460d4161ac5ecdd0af8e1f3b2a38"
-dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.15.5",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lru"
 version = "0.16.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "96051b46fc183dc9cd4a223960ef37b9af631b55191852a8274bfef064cda20f"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2019,14 +2288,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "luajit-src"
-version = "210.6.2+25a61a1"
+version = "210.6.5+7152e15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89b3e51e810ed7940b3d057d4cb63ef5faa8261fc8f46fb1905947a22f1c89ec"
+checksum = "29e64ac463f01a02ee793423f9b351369cf244c5ee8bb9e2729a75b2eb404181"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "which",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "mac_address"
+version = "1.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c0aeb26bf5e836cc1c341c8106051b573f1766dfa05aa87f0b98be5e51b02303"
+dependencies = [
+ "nix",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "matchers"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -2057,6 +2336,21 @@ version = "2.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f52b00d39961fc5b2736ea853c9cc86238e165017a493d1d5c8eac6bdc4cc273"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "memmem"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a64a92489e2744ce060c349162be1c5f33c6969234104dbd99ddb5feb08b8c15"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "memoffset"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "488016bfae457b036d996092f6cb448677611ce4449e970ceaf42695203f218a"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "minimal-lexical"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -2075,9 +2369,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69d83b0086dc8ecf3ce9ae2874b2d1290252e2a30720bea58a5c6639b0092873"
+checksum = "a69bcab0ad47271a0234d9422b131806bf3968021e5dc9328caf2d4cd58557fc"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
@@ -2087,15 +2381,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mlua"
-version = "0.11.4"
+version = "0.11.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9be1c2bfc684b8a228fbaebf954af7a47a98ec27721986654a4cc2c40a20cc7e"
+checksum = "935ac67539907efcd7198137eb7358e052555f77fe1b2916600a2249351f2b33"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bstr",
  "either",
  "erased-serde",
  "futures-util",
+ "libc",
  "mlua-sys",
  "mlua_derive",
  "num-traits",
@@ -2108,9 +2403,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mlua-sys"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3d4dc9cfc5a7698899802e97480617d9726f7da78c910db989d4d0fd4991d900"
+checksum = "8c968af21bf6b19fc9ca8e7b85ee16f86e4c9e3d0591de101a5608086bda0ad8"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
@@ -2131,14 +2426,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "regex",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "moxcms"
-version = "0.7.9"
+version = "0.7.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0fbdd3d7436f8b5e892b8b7ea114271ff0fa00bc5acae845d53b07d498616ef6"
+checksum = "ac9557c559cd6fc9867e122e20d2cbefc9ca29d80d027a8e39310920ed2f0a97"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "pxfm",
@@ -2160,6 +2455,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cfg_aliases",
  "libc",
+ "memoffset",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2233,9 +2529,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint-dig"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "82c79c15c05d4bf82b6f5ef163104cc81a760d8e874d38ac50ab67c8877b647b"
+checksum = "e661dda6640fad38e827a6d4a310ff4763082116fe217f279885c97f511bb0b7"
 dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
  "libm",
@@ -2243,8 +2539,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-iter",
  "num-traits",
  "rand 0.8.5",
+ "serde",
  "smallvec",
- "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2261,7 +2557,7 @@ checksum = "ed3955f1a9c7c0c15e092f9c887db08b1fc683305fdf6eb6684f22555355e202"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2324,6 +2620,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "numtoa"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6aa2c4e539b869820a2b82e1aef6ff40aa85e65decdd5185e83fb4b1249cd00f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2"
 version = "0.6.3"
@@ -2442,7 +2744,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ecdsa",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "primeorder",
- "sha2",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2454,7 +2756,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ecdsa",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "primeorder",
- "sha2",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2463,19 +2765,19 @@ version = "0.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0fc9e2161f1f215afdfce23677034ae137bbd45016a880c2eb3ba8eb95f085b2"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
+ "base16ct 0.2.0",
  "ecdsa",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "primeorder",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "sha2",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pageant"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb28bd89a207e5cad59072ac4b364b08459d05f90ccfbcdaa920a95857d94430"
+checksum = "1b537f975f6d8dcf48db368d7ec209d583b015713b5df0f5d92d2631e4ff5595"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -2483,9 +2785,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "rand 0.8.5",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "tokio",
- "windows 0.59.0",
+ "windows 0.62.2",
+ "windows-strings",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2494,8 +2798,9 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4cbf71184cc5ecc2e4e1baccdb21026c20e5fc3dcf63028a086131b3ab00b6e6"
 dependencies = [
- "approx",
+ "bytemuck",
  "fast-srgb8",
+ "libm",
  "palette_derive",
 ]
 
@@ -2508,7 +2813,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "by_address",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2537,7 +2842,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "redox_syscall",
  "smallvec",
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2569,7 +2874,7 @@ version = "0.12.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8ed6a7761f76e3b9f92dfb0a60a6a6477c61024b775147ff0973a02653abaf2"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "hmac",
 ]
 
@@ -2582,12 +2887,116 @@ dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pem-rfc7468"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a6305423e0e7738146434843d1694d621cce767262b2a86910beab705e4493d9"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64ct",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
 version = "2.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pest"
+version = "2.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c9eb05c21a464ea704b53158d358a31e6425db2f63a1a7312268b05fe2b75f7"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "ucd-trie",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pest_derive"
+version = "2.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "68f9dbced329c441fa79d80472764b1a2c7e57123553b8519b36663a2fb234ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "pest",
+ "pest_generator",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pest_generator"
+version = "2.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3bb96d5051a78f44f43c8f712d8e810adb0ebf923fc9ed2655a7f66f63ba8ee5"
+dependencies = [
+ "pest",
+ "pest_meta",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pest_meta"
+version = "2.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "602113b5b5e8621770cfd490cfd90b9f84ab29bd2b0e49ad83eb6d186cef2365"
+dependencies = [
+ "pest",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "phf"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1fd6780a80ae0c52cc120a26a1a42c1ae51b247a253e4e06113d23d2c2edd078"
+dependencies = [
+ "phf_macros",
+ "phf_shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "phf_codegen"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aef8048c789fa5e851558d709946d6d79a8ff88c0440c587967f8e94bfb1216a"
+dependencies = [
+ "phf_generator",
+ "phf_shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "phf_generator"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3c80231409c20246a13fddb31776fb942c38553c51e871f8cbd687a4cfb5843d"
+dependencies = [
+ "phf_shared",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "phf_macros"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f84ac04429c13a7ff43785d75ad27569f2951ce0ffd30a3321230db2fc727216"
+dependencies = [
+ "phf_generator",
+ "phf_shared",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "phf_shared"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "67eabc2ef2a60eb7faa00097bd1ffdb5bd28e62bf39990626a582201b7a754e5"
+dependencies = [
+ "siphasher",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
 version = "0.2.16"
@@ -2602,13 +3011,12 @@ checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkcs1"
-version = "0.7.5"
+version = "0.8.0-rc.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8ffb9f10fa047879315e6625af03c164b16962a5368d724ed16323b68ace47f"
+checksum = "986d2e952779af96ea048f160fd9194e1751b4faea78bcf3ceb456efe008088e"
 dependencies = [
- "der",
- "pkcs8",
- "spki",
+ "der 0.8.0-rc.10",
+ "spki 0.8.0-rc.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2619,11 +3027,11 @@ checksum = "e847e2c91a18bfa887dd028ec33f2fe6f25db77db3619024764914affe8b69a6"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "cbc",
- "der",
+ "der 0.7.10",
  "pbkdf2",
  "scrypt",
- "sha2",
- "spki",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2632,10 +3040,20 @@ version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f950b2377845cebe5cf8b5165cb3cc1a5e0fa5cfa3e1f7f55707d8fd82e0a7b7"
 dependencies = [
- "der",
+ "der 0.7.10",
  "pkcs5",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "spki",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pkcs8"
+version = "0.11.0-rc.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77089aec8290d0b7bb01b671b091095cf1937670725af4fd73d47249f03b12c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "der 0.8.0-rc.10",
+ "spki 0.8.0-rc.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2693,6 +3111,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "universal-hash",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "portable-atomic"
+version = "1.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f89776e4d69bb58bc6993e99ffa1d11f228b839984854c7daeb5d37f87cbe950"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "powerfmt"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -2736,14 +3160,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error-attr2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.103"
+version = "1.0.104"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ee95bc4ef87b8d5ba32e8b7714ccc834865276eab0aed5c9958d00ec45f49e8"
+checksum = "9695f8df41bb4f3d222c95a67532365f569318332d03d5f3f67f37b20e6ebdf0"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2764,14 +3188,14 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "52717f9a02b6965224f95ca2a81e2e0c5c43baacd28ca057577988930b6c3d5b"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pxfm"
-version = "0.1.25"
+version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3cbdf373972bf78df4d3b518d07003938e2c7d1fb5891e55f9cb6df57009d84"
+checksum = "7186d3822593aa4393561d186d1393b3923e9d6163d3fbfd6e825e3e6cf3e6a8"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
@@ -2787,14 +3211,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quantette"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a3ba8b34ab55d43cea1f7c183ef3c124cb96fe935c6ec5c6d97127ee340c96e"
+checksum = "c98fecda8b16396ff9adac67644a523dd1778c42b58606a29df5c31ca925d174"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "libm",
  "num-traits",
- "ordered-float 4.6.0",
+ "ordered-float 5.1.0",
  "palette",
+ "ref-cast",
  "wide",
 ]
 
@@ -2806,18 +3233,18 @@ checksum = "a993555f31e5a609f617c12db6250dedcac1b0a85076912c436e6fc9b2c8e6a3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quick-xml"
-version = "0.38.3"
+version = "0.38.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42a232e7487fc2ef313d96dde7948e7a3c05101870d8985e4fd8d26aedd27b89"
+checksum = "b66c2058c55a409d601666cffe35f04333cf1013010882cec174a7467cd4e21c"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.41"
+version = "1.0.42"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ce25767e7b499d1b604768e7cde645d14cc8584231ea6b295e9c9eb22c02e1d1"
+checksum = "a338cc41d27e6cc6dce6cefc13a0729dfbb81c262b1f519331575dd80ef3067f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -2896,41 +3323,129 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ratatui"
-version = "0.29.0"
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.10.0-rc-3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eabd94c2f37801c20583fc49dd5cd6b0ba68c716787c2dd6ed18571e1e63117b"
+checksum = "f66ee92bc15280519ef199a274fe0cafff4245d31bc39aaa31c011ad56cb1f05"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui"
+version = "0.30.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d1ce67fb8ba4446454d1c8dbaeda0557ff5e94d39d5e5ed7f10a65eb4c8266bc"
+dependencies = [
+ "instability",
+ "ratatui-core",
+ "ratatui-crossterm",
+ "ratatui-macros",
+ "ratatui-termion",
+ "ratatui-termwiz",
+ "ratatui-widgets",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui-core"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ef8dea09a92caaf73bff7adb70b76162e5937524058a7e5bff37869cbbec293"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
- "cassowary",
  "compact_str",
- "crossterm 0.28.1",
+ "hashbrown",
  "indoc",
- "instability",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "lru 0.12.5",
- "paste",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
+ "kasuari",
+ "lru",
+ "serde",
  "strum",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "unicode-segmentation",
  "unicode-truncate",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui-crossterm"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "577c9b9f652b4c121fb25c6a391dd06406d3b092ba68827e6d2f09550edc54b3"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "crossterm 0.28.1",
+ "crossterm 0.29.0",
+ "instability",
+ "ratatui-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui-macros"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a7f1342a13e83e4bb9d0b793d0ea762be633f9582048c892ae9041ef39c936f4"
+dependencies = [
+ "ratatui-core",
+ "ratatui-widgets",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui-termion"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4cade85a8591fbc911e147951422f0d6fd40f4948b271b6216c7dc01838996f8"
+dependencies = [
+ "instability",
+ "ratatui-core",
+ "termion",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui-termwiz"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f76fe0bd0ed4295f0321b1676732e2454024c15a35d01904ddb315afd3d545c"
+dependencies = [
+ "ratatui-core",
+ "termwiz",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ratatui-widgets"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7dbfa023cd4e604c2553483820c5fe8aa9d71a42eea5aa77c6e7f35756612db"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.10.0",
+ "hashbrown",
+ "indoc",
+ "instability",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
+ "line-clipping",
+ "ratatui-core",
+ "serde",
+ "strum",
+ "time",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "unicode-width",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rav1e"
-version = "0.7.1"
+version = "0.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd87ce80a7665b1cce111f8a16c1f3929f6547ce91ade6addf4ec86a8dda5ce9"
+checksum = "43b6dd56e85d9483277cde964fd1bdb0428de4fec5ebba7540995639a21cb32b"
 dependencies = [
+ "aligned-vec",
  "arbitrary",
  "arg_enum_proc_macro",
  "arrayvec",
+ "av-scenechange",
  "av1-grain",
  "bitstream-io",
  "built",
  "cfg-if",
  "interpolate_name",
- "itertools 0.12.1",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
  "libc",
  "libfuzzer-sys",
  "log",
@@ -2939,23 +3454,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "noop_proc_macro",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
- "once_cell",
  "paste",
  "profiling",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
  "simd_helpers",
- "system-deps",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "v_frame",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ravif"
-version = "0.11.20"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5825c26fddd16ab9f515930d49028a630efec172e903483c94796cfe31893e6b"
+checksum = "ef69c1990ceef18a116855938e74793a5f7496ee907562bd0857b6ac734ab285"
 dependencies = [
  "avif-serialize",
  "imgref",
@@ -2965,6 +3478,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "rgb",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rayon"
+version = "1.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "368f01d005bf8fd9b1206fb6fa653e6c4a81ceb1466406b81792d87c5677a58f"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+ "rayon-core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rayon-core"
 version = "1.13.0"
@@ -2995,6 +3518,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.17",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ref-cast"
+version = "1.0.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f354300ae66f76f1c85c5f84693f0ce81d747e2c3f21a45fef496d89c960bf7d"
+dependencies = [
+ "ref-cast-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ref-cast-impl"
+version = "1.0.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7186006dcb21920990093f30e3dea63b7d6e977bf1256be20c3563a5db070da"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
 version = "1.12.2"
@@ -3056,33 +3599,30 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rsa"
-version = "0.9.8"
+version = "0.10.0-rc.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78928ac1ed176a5ca1d17e578a1825f3d81ca54cf41053a592584b020cfd691b"
+checksum = "d27d813937fdf8e9ad15e3e422a55da4021d29639000139ca19d99f3949060da"
 dependencies = [
- "const-oid",
- "digest",
- "num-bigint-dig",
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
+ "const-oid 0.10.1",
+ "crypto-bigint 0.7.0-rc.13",
+ "crypto-primes",
+ "digest 0.11.0-rc.5",
  "pkcs1",
- "pkcs8",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "sha2",
- "signature",
- "spki",
- "subtle",
+ "pkcs8 0.11.0-rc.8",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0-rc-3",
+ "sha2 0.11.0-rc.3",
+ "signature 3.0.0-rc.6",
+ "spki 0.8.0-rc.4",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "russh"
-version = "0.54.6"
+version = "0.56.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "23ca8e9091b72afdc9979bddcd1988ad898fa7bc0b85c8da8c154c29d44319eb"
+checksum = "bdbb7dcdd62c17ac911307ff693f55b3ec6712004d2d66ffdb8c0fa00269fd66"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
- "base64ct",
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "block-padding",
  "byteorder",
@@ -3092,14 +3632,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "curve25519-dalek",
  "data-encoding",
  "delegate",
- "der",
- "digest",
+ "der 0.7.10",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "ecdsa",
  "ed25519-dalek",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "enum_dispatch",
  "futures",
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 1.3.5",
  "getrandom 0.2.16",
  "hex-literal",
  "hmac",
@@ -3110,7 +3650,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "md5",
  "num-bigint",
- "once_cell",
  "p256",
  "p384",
  "p521",
@@ -3118,7 +3657,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pbkdf2",
  "pkcs1",
  "pkcs5",
- "pkcs8",
+ "pkcs8 0.10.2",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "ring",
@@ -3126,10 +3665,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "russh-cryptovec",
  "russh-util",
  "sec1",
- "sha1",
- "sha2",
- "signature",
- "spki",
+ "sha1 0.10.6",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
+ "signature 2.2.0",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
  "ssh-encoding",
  "subtle",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
@@ -3199,9 +3738,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd15f8a2c5551a84d56efdc1cd049089e409ac19a3072d5037a17fd70719ff3e"
+checksum = "146c9e247ccc180c1f61615433868c99f3de3ae256a30a43b49f67c2d9171f34"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "errno",
@@ -3218,15 +3757,15 @@ checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.20"
+version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28d3b2b1366ec20994f1fd18c3c594f05c5dd4bc44d8bb0c1c632c8d6829481f"
+checksum = "a50f4cf475b65d88e057964e0e9bb1f0aa9bbb2036dc65c64596b42932536984"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "safe_arch"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "0.9.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96b02de82ddbe1b636e6170c21be622223aea188ef2e139be0a5b219ec215323"
+checksum = "629516c85c29fe757770fa03f2074cf1eac43d44c02a3de9fc2ef7b0e207dfdd"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
 ]
@@ -3263,7 +3802,7 @@ checksum = "0516a385866c09368f0b5bcd1caff3366aace790fcd46e2bb032697bb172fd1f"
 dependencies = [
  "pbkdf2",
  "salsa20",
- "sha2",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3272,10 +3811,10 @@ version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
- "der",
- "generic-array",
- "pkcs8",
+ "base16ct 0.2.0",
+ "der 0.7.10",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
+ "pkcs8 0.10.2",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -3323,38 +3862,39 @@ checksum = "d540f220d3187173da220f885ab66608367b6574e925011a9353e4badda91d79"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.145"
+version = "1.0.148"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "402a6f66d8c709116cf22f558eab210f5a50187f702eb4d7e5ef38d9a7f1c79c"
+checksum = "3084b546a1dd6289475996f182a22aba973866ea8e8b02c51d9f46b1336a22da"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
- "ryu",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
+ "zmij",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_spanned"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf41e0cfaf7226dca15e8197172c295a782857fcb97fad1808a166870dee75a3"
+checksum = "f8bbf91e5a4d6315eee45e704372590b30e260ee83af6639d64557f51b067776"
 dependencies = [
- "serde",
+ "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "serde_spanned"
-version = "1.0.3"
+name = "serdect"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e24345aa0fe688594e73770a5f6d1b216508b4f93484c0026d521acd30134392"
+checksum = "9af4a3e75ebd5599b30d4de5768e00b5095d518a79fefc3ecbaf77e665d1ec06"
 dependencies = [
- "serde_core",
+ "base16ct 1.0.0",
+ "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3365,7 +3905,18 @@ checksum = "e3bf829a2d51ab4a5ddf1352d8470c140cadc8301b2ae1789db023f01cedd6ba"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha1"
+version = "0.11.0-rc.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa1ae819b9870cadc959a052363de870944a1646932d274a4e270f64bf79e5ef"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "digest 0.11.0-rc.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3376,7 +3927,18 @@ checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha2"
+version = "0.11.0-rc.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "19d43dc0354d88b791216bb5c1bfbb60c0814460cc653ae0ebd71f286d0bd927"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "digest 0.11.0-rc.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3404,6 +3966,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "signal-hook-registry",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "signal-hook"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a37d01603c37b5466f808de79f845c7116049b0579adb70a6b7d47c1fa3a952"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "signal-hook-registry",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-mio"
 version = "0.2.5"
@@ -3412,27 +3984,28 @@ checksum = "b75a19a7a740b25bc7944bdee6172368f988763b744e3d4dfe753f6b4ece40cc"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "mio",
- "signal-hook",
+ "signal-hook 0.3.18",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-registry"
-version = "1.4.6"
+version = "1.4.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b2a4719bff48cee6b39d12c020eeb490953ad2443b7055bd0b21fca26bd8c28b"
+checksum = "c4db69cba1110affc0e9f7bcd48bbf87b3f4fc7c61fc9155afd4c469eb3d6c1b"
 dependencies = [
+ "errno",
  "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-tokio"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "213241f76fb1e37e27de3b6aa1b068a2c333233b59cca6634f634b80a27ecf1e"
+checksum = "e513e435a8898a0002270f29d0a708b7879708fb5c4d00e46983ca2d2d378cf0"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "libc",
- "signal-hook",
+ "signal-hook 0.4.1",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
@@ -3442,15 +4015,25 @@ version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "77549399552de45a898a580c1b41d445bf730df867cc44e6c0233bbc4b8329de"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "simd-adler32"
-version = "0.3.7"
+name = "signature"
+version = "3.0.0-rc.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d66dc143e6b11c1eddc06d5c423cfc97062865baf299914ab64caa38182078fe"
+checksum = "597a96996ccff7dfa16f052bd995b4cecc72af22c35138738dc029f0ead6608d"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.11.0-rc.5",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0-rc-3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "simd-adler32"
+version = "0.3.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e320a6c5ad31d271ad523dcf3ad13e2767ad8b1cb8f047f75a8aeaf8da139da2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "simd_helpers"
@@ -3467,6 +4050,12 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e3a9fe34e3e7a50316060351f37187a3f546bce95496156754b601a5fa71b76e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "siphasher"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56199f7ddabf13fe5074ce809e7d3f42b42ae711800501b5b16ea82ad029c39d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
 version = "0.4.11"
@@ -3502,7 +4091,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d91ed6c858b01f942cd56b37a94b3e0a1798290327d1236e4d9cf4eaca44d29d"
 dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
- "der",
+ "der 0.7.10",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spki"
+version = "0.8.0-rc.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8baeff88f34ed0691978ec34440140e1572b68c7dd4a495fd14a3dc1944daa80"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64ct",
+ "der 0.8.0-rc.10",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3530,10 +4129,16 @@ checksum = "eb9242b9ef4108a78e8cd1a2c98e193ef372437f8c22be363075233321dd4a15"
 dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
  "bytes",
- "pem-rfc7468",
- "sha2",
+ "pem-rfc7468 0.7.0",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "stable_deref_trait"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "static_assertions"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -3548,24 +4153,23 @@ checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strum"
-version = "0.26.3"
+version = "0.27.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fec0f0aef304996cf250b31b5a10dee7980c85da9d759361292b8bca5a18f06"
+checksum = "af23d6f6c1a224baef9d3f61e287d2761385a5b88fdab4eb4c6f11aeb54c4bcf"
 dependencies = [
  "strum_macros",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strum_macros"
-version = "0.26.4"
+version = "0.27.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c6bee85a5a24955dc440386795aa378cd9cf82acd5f764469152d2270e581be"
+checksum = "7695ce3845ea4b33927c055a39dc438a45b059f7c1b3d91d38d10355fb8cbca7"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "rustversion",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3576,9 +4180,20 @@ checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.108"
+version = "1.0.109"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da58917d35242480a05c2897064da0a80589a2a0476c9a3f2fdc83b53502e917"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.113"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "678faa00651c9eb72dd2020cbdf275d92eccb2400d568e419efdd64838145cb4"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3605,19 +4220,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "walkdir",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "system-deps"
-version = "6.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3e535eb8dded36d55ec13eddacd30dec501792ff23a0b1682c38601b8cf2349"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-expr",
- "heck",
- "pkg-config",
- "toml 0.8.23",
- "version-compare",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tap"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -3625,10 +4227,79 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "55937e1799185b12863d447f42597ed69d9928686b8d88a1df17376a097d8369"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "target-lexicon"
-version = "0.12.16"
+name = "terminfo"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "61c41af27dd6d1e27b1b16b489db798443478cef1f06a660c96db617ba5de3b1"
+checksum = "d4ea810f0692f9f51b382fff5893887bb4580f5fa246fde546e0b13e7fcee662"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "nom 7.1.3",
+ "phf",
+ "phf_codegen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "termion"
+version = "4.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f44138a9ae08f0f502f24104d82517ef4da7330c35acd638f1f29d3cd5475ecb"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "numtoa",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "termios"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "411c5bf740737c7918b8b1fe232dca4dc9f8e754b8ad5e20966814001ed0ac6b"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "termwiz"
+version = "0.23.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4676b37242ccbd1aabf56edb093a4827dc49086c0ffd764a5705899e0f35f8f7"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "base64",
+ "bitflags 2.10.0",
+ "fancy-regex",
+ "filedescriptor",
+ "finl_unicode",
+ "fixedbitset",
+ "hex",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "memmem",
+ "nix",
+ "num-derive",
+ "num-traits",
+ "ordered-float 4.6.0",
+ "pest",
+ "pest_derive",
+ "phf",
+ "serde",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
+ "signal-hook 0.3.18",
+ "siphasher",
+ "terminfo",
+ "termios",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "ucd-trie",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "vtparse",
+ "wezterm-bidi",
+ "wezterm-blob-leases",
+ "wezterm-color-types",
+ "wezterm-dynamic",
+ "wezterm-input-types",
+ "winapi",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
@@ -3656,7 +4327,7 @@ checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3667,7 +4338,7 @@ checksum = "3ff15c8ecd7de3849db632e14d18d2571fa09dfc5ed93479bc4485c7a517c913"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3733,10 +4404,31 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio"
-version = "1.48.0"
+name = "tls_codec"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ff360e02eab121e0bc37a2d3b4d4dc622e6eda3a8e5253d5435ecf5bd4c68408"
+checksum = "0de2e01245e2bb89d6f05801c564fa27624dbd7b1846859876c7dad82e90bf6b"
+dependencies = [
+ "tls_codec_derive",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tls_codec_derive"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2d2e76690929402faae40aebdda620a2c0e25dd6d3b9afe48867dfd95991f4bd"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio"
+version = "1.49.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72a2903cd7736441aac9df9d7688bd0ce48edccaadf181c3b90be801e81d3d86"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "libc",
@@ -3757,7 +4449,7 @@ checksum = "af407857209536a95c8e56f8231ef2c2e2aff839b22e07a1ffcbc617e9db9fa5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3786,26 +4478,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
-version = "0.8.23"
+version = "0.9.10+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc1beb996b9d83529a9e75c17a1686767d148d70663143c7854d8b4a09ced362"
-dependencies = [
- "serde",
- "serde_spanned 0.6.9",
- "toml_datetime 0.6.11",
- "toml_edit",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "toml"
-version = "0.9.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f0dc8b1fb61449e27716ec0e1bdf0f6b8f3e8f6b05391e8497b8b6d7804ea6d8"
+checksum = "0825052159284a1a8b4d6c0c86cbc801f2da5afd2b225fa548c72f2e74002f48"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "serde_core",
- "serde_spanned 1.0.3",
- "toml_datetime 0.7.3",
+ "serde_spanned",
+ "toml_datetime",
  "toml_parser",
  "toml_writer",
  "winnow",
@@ -3813,55 +4493,33 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_datetime"
-version = "0.6.11"
+version = "0.7.5+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "22cddaf88f4fbc13c51aebbf5f8eceb5c7c5a9da2ac40a13519eb5b0a0e8f11c"
-dependencies = [
- "serde",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "toml_datetime"
-version = "0.7.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f2cdb639ebbc97961c51720f858597f7f24c4fc295327923af55b74c3c724533"
+checksum = "92e1cfed4a3038bc5a127e35a2d360f145e1f4b971b551a2ba5fd7aedf7e1347"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.22.27"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "41fe8c660ae4257887cf66394862d21dbca4a6ddd26f04a3560410406a2f819a"
-dependencies = [
- "indexmap",
- "serde",
- "serde_spanned 0.6.9",
- "toml_datetime 0.6.11",
- "winnow",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_parser"
-version = "1.0.4"
+version = "1.0.6+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0cbe268d35bdb4bb5a56a2de88d0ad0eb70af5384a99d648cd4b3d04039800e"
+checksum = "a3198b4b0a8e11f09dd03e133c0280504d0801269e9afa46362ffde1cbeebf44"
 dependencies = [
  "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_writer"
-version = "1.0.4"
+version = "1.0.6+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df8b2b54733674ad286d16267dcfc7a71ed5c776e4ac7aa3c3e2561f7c637bf2"
+checksum = "ab16f14aed21ee8bfd8ec22513f7287cd4a91aa92e44edfe2c17ddd004e92607"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.41"
+version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "784e0ac535deb450455cbfa28a6f0df145ea1bb7ae51b821cf5e7927fdcfbdd0"
+checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
 dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
@@ -3870,32 +4528,32 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-appender"
-version = "0.2.3"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3566e8ce28cc0a3fe42519fc80e6b4c943cc4c8cef275620eb8dac2d3d4e06cf"
+checksum = "786d480bce6247ab75f005b14ae1624ad978d3029d9113f0a22fa1ac773faeaf"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-channel",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "time",
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-attributes"
-version = "0.1.30"
+version = "0.1.31"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "81383ab64e72a7a8b8e13130c49e3dab29def6d0c7d76a03087b3cf71c5c6903"
+checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.34"
+version = "0.1.36"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b9d12581f227e93f094d3af2ae690a574abb8a2b9b7a96e7cfe9647b2b617678"
+checksum = "db97caf9d906fbde555dd62fa95ddba9eecfd14cb388e4f491a66d74cd5fb79a"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "valuable",
@@ -3914,9 +4572,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-subscriber"
-version = "0.3.20"
+version = "0.3.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2054a14f5307d601f88daf0553e1cbf472acc4f2c51afab632431cdcd72124d5"
+checksum = "2f30143827ddab0d256fd843b7a66d164e9f271cfa0dde49142c5ca0ca291f1e"
 dependencies = [
  "matchers",
  "nu-ansi-term",
@@ -3957,6 +4615,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.9.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "typed-path"
+version = "0.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7922f2cdc51280d47b491af9eafc41eb0cdab85eabcb390c854412fcbf26dbe8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typeid"
 version = "1.0.3"
@@ -3969,6 +4633,12 @@ version = "1.19.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "562d481066bde0658276a35467c4af00bdc6ee726305698a55b86e61d7ad82bb"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ucd-trie"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2896d95c02a80c6d6a5d6e953d479f5ddf2dfdb6a244441010e373ac0fb88971"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.22"
@@ -3983,26 +4653,20 @@ checksum = "f6ccf251212114b54433ec949fd6a7841275f9ada20dddd2f29e9ceea4501493"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-truncate"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b3644627a5af5fa321c95b9b235a72fd24cd29c648c2c379431e6628655627bf"
+checksum = "8fbf03860ff438702f3910ca5f28f8dac63c1c11e7efb5012b8b175493606330"
 dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "unicode-segmentation",
- "unicode-width 0.1.14",
+ "unicode-width",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.1.14"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fc81956842c57dac11422a97c3b8195a1ff727f06e85c84ed2e8aa277c9a0fd"
+checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "universal-hash"
@@ -4010,7 +4674,7 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fc1de2c688dc15305988b563c3854064043356019f97a4b46276fe734c4f07ea"
 dependencies = [
- "crypto-common",
+ "crypto-common 0.1.7",
  "subtle",
 ]
 
@@ -4034,20 +4698,22 @@ checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.18.1"
+version = "1.19.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2f87b8aa10b915a06587d0dec516c282ff295b475d94abf425d62b57710070a2"
+checksum = "e2e054861b4bd027cd373e18e8d8d8e6548085000e41290d95ce0c373a654b4a"
 dependencies = [
+ "atomic",
  "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "js-sys",
+ "serde_core",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uzers"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.12.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4df81ff504e7d82ad53e95ed1ad5b72103c11253f39238bcc0235b90768a97dd"
+checksum = "0b8275fb1afee25b4111d2dc8b5c505dbbc4afd0b990cb96deb2d88bff8be18d"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
@@ -4109,18 +4775,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "version-compare"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03c2856837ef78f57382f06b2b8563a2f512f7185d732608fd9176cb3b8edf0e"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "vtparse"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6d9b2acfb050df409c972a37d3b8e08cdea3bddb0c09db9d53137e504cfabed0"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
 version = "2.5.0"
@@ -4148,9 +4817,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.105"
+version = "0.2.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da95793dfc411fbbd93f5be7715b0578ec61fe87cb1a42b12eb625caa5c5ea60"
+checksum = "0d759f433fa64a2d763d1340820e46e111a7a5ab75f993d1852d70b03dbb80fd"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -4161,9 +4830,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.55"
+version = "0.4.56"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "551f88106c6d5e7ccc7cd9a16f312dd3b5d36ea8b4954304657d5dfba115d4a0"
+checksum = "836d9622d604feee9e5de25ac10e3ea5f2d65b41eac0d9ce72eb5deae707ce7c"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "js-sys",
@@ -4174,9 +4843,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.105"
+version = "0.2.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "04264334509e04a7bf8690f2384ef5265f05143a4bff3889ab7a3269adab59c2"
+checksum = "48cb0d2638f8baedbc542ed444afc0644a29166f1595371af4fecf8ce1e7eeb3"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -4184,31 +4853,31 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.105"
+version = "0.2.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "420bc339d9f322e562942d52e115d57e950d12d88983a14c79b86859ee6c7ebc"
+checksum = "cefb59d5cd5f92d9dcf80e4683949f15ca4b511f4ac0a6e14d4e1ac60c6ecd40"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.105"
+version = "0.2.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76f218a38c84bcb33c25ec7059b07847d465ce0e0a76b995e134a45adcb6af76"
+checksum = "cbc538057e648b67f72a982e708d485b2efa771e1ac05fec311f9f63e5800db4"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.82"
+version = "0.3.83"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a1f95c0d03a47f4ae1f7a64643a6bb97465d9b740f0fa8f90ea33915c99a9a1"
+checksum = "9b32828d774c412041098d182a8b38b16ea816958e07cf40eec2bc080ae137ac"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -4216,9 +4885,83 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "weezl"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "0.1.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a751b3277700db47d3e574514de2eced5e54dc8a5436a3bf7a0b248b2cee16f3"
+checksum = "a28ac98ddc8b9274cb41bb4d9d4d5c425b6020c50c46f25559911905610b4a88"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wezterm-bidi"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0a6e355560527dd2d1cf7890652f4f09bb3433b6aadade4c9b5ed76de5f3ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "wezterm-dynamic",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wezterm-blob-leases"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "692daff6d93d94e29e4114544ef6d5c942a7ed998b37abdc19b17136ea428eb7"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "mac_address",
+ "serde",
+ "sha2 0.10.9",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wezterm-color-types"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7de81ef35c9010270d63772bebef2f2d6d1f2d20a983d27505ac850b8c4b4296"
+dependencies = [
+ "csscolorparser",
+ "deltae",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "serde",
+ "wezterm-dynamic",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wezterm-dynamic"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5f2ab60e120fd6eaa68d9567f3226e876684639d22a4219b313ff69ec0ccd5ac"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "ordered-float 4.6.0",
+ "strsim",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "wezterm-dynamic-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wezterm-dynamic-derive"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "46c0cf2d539c645b448eaffec9ec494b8b19bd5077d9e58cb1ae7efece8d575b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wezterm-input-types"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7012add459f951456ec9d6c7e6fc340b1ce15d6fc9629f8c42853412c029e57e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "euclid",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "serde",
+ "wezterm-dynamic",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "which"
@@ -4227,15 +4970,15 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3fabb953106c3c8eea8306e4393700d7657561cb43122571b172bbfb7c7ba1d"
 dependencies = [
  "env_home",
- "rustix 1.1.2",
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
  "winsafe",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wide"
-version = "0.7.33"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ce5da8ecb62bcd8ec8b7ea19f69a51275e91299be594ea5cc6ef7819e16cd03"
+checksum = "13ca908d26e4786149c48efcf6c0ea09ab0e06d1fe3c17dc1b4b0f1ca4a7e788"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "safe_arch",
@@ -4284,12 +5027,23 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows"
-version = "0.59.0"
+version = "0.62.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f919aee0a93304be7f62e8e5027811bbba96bcb1de84d6618be56e43f8a32a1"
+checksum = "527fadee13e0c05939a6a05d5bd6eec6cd2e3dbd648b9f8e447c6518133d8580"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-core 0.59.0",
- "windows-targets 0.53.5",
+ "windows-collections",
+ "windows-core 0.62.2",
+ "windows-future",
+ "windows-numerics",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-collections"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b2d95af1a8a14a3c7367e1ed4fc9c20e0a26e79551b1454d72583c97cc6610"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core 0.62.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4304,19 +5058,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-core"
-version = "0.59.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "810ce18ed2112484b0d4e15d022e5f598113e220c53e373fb31e67e21670c1ce"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-implement 0.59.0",
- "windows-interface 0.59.3",
- "windows-result 0.3.4",
- "windows-strings 0.3.1",
- "windows-targets 0.53.5",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.62.2"
@@ -4325,9 +5066,20 @@ checksum = "b8e83a14d34d0623b51dce9581199302a221863196a1dde71a7663a4c2be9deb"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-implement 0.60.2",
  "windows-interface 0.59.3",
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
  "windows-result 0.4.1",
- "windows-strings 0.5.1",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-future"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1d6f90251fe18a279739e78025bd6ddc52a7e22f921070ccdc67dde84c605cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core 0.62.2",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-threading",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4338,18 +5090,7 @@ checksum = "f6fc35f58ecd95a9b71c4f2329b911016e6bec66b3f2e6a4aad86bd2e99e2f9b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-implement"
-version = "0.59.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83577b051e2f49a058c308f17f273b570a6a758386fc291b5f6a934dd84e48c1"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4360,7 +5101,7 @@ checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4371,7 +5112,7 @@ checksum = "08990546bf4edef8f431fa6326e032865f27138718c587dc21bc0265bbcb57cc"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4382,21 +5123,25 @@ checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-link"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-numerics"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e2e40844ac143cdb44aead537bbf727de9b044e107a0f1220392177d15b0f26"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core 0.62.2",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -4406,31 +5151,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-result"
-version = "0.3.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56f42bd332cc6c8eac5af113fc0c1fd6a8fd2aa08a0119358686e5160d0586c6"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.1.3",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
 version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7781fa89eaf60850ac3d2da7af8e5242a5ea78d1a11c49bf2910bb5a73853eb5"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-strings"
-version = "0.3.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "87fa48cc5d406560701792be122a10132491cff9d0aeb23583cc2dcafc847319"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.1.3",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4439,7 +5166,7 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7837d08f69c77cf6b07689544538e017c1bfcf57e34b4c0ff58e6c2cd3b37091"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4475,7 +5202,7 @@ version = "0.61.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ae137229bcbd6cdf0f7b80a31df61766145077ddf49416a728b02cb3921ff3fc"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4500,7 +5227,7 @@ version = "0.53.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4945f9f551b88e0d65f3db0bc25c33b8acea4d9e41163edf90dcd0b19f9069f3"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.2.1",
+ "windows-link",
  "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.53.1",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.53.1",
  "windows_i686_gnu 0.53.1",
@@ -4511,6 +5238,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.53.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-threading"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3949bd5b99cafdf1c7ca86b43ca564028dfe27d66958f2470940f73d86d75b37"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.52.6"
@@ -4609,12 +5345,9 @@ checksum = "d6bbff5f0aada427a1e5a6da5f1f98158182f26556f345ac9e04d36d0ebed650"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.7.13"
+version = "0.7.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21a0236b59786fed61e2a80582dd500fe61f18b5dca67a4a067d0bc9039339cf"
-dependencies = [
- "memchr",
-]
+checksum = "5a5364e9d77fcdeeaa6062ced926ee3381faa2ee02d3eb83a5c27a8825540829"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winsafe"
@@ -4637,15 +5370,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "tap",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "y4m"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a5a4b21e1a62b67a2970e6831bc091d7b87e119e7f9791aef9702e3bef04448"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-actor"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
  "futures",
  "globset",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "libc",
  "mlua",
  "paste",
@@ -4673,13 +5412,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-adapter"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "ansi-to-tui",
  "anyhow",
  "base64",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
  "image",
+ "moxcms",
  "palette",
  "quantette",
  "ratatui",
@@ -4695,17 +5435,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-binding"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "ansi-to-tui",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "futures",
+ "hashbrown",
  "mlua",
  "paste",
  "ratatui",
  "serde_json",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-width",
  "yazi-adapter",
  "yazi-config",
  "yazi-fs",
@@ -4715,16 +5456,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-boot"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "clap_complete",
  "clap_complete_fig",
  "clap_complete_nushell",
  "futures",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "regex",
- "serde",
  "vergen-gitcl",
  "yazi-adapter",
  "yazi-config",
@@ -4736,14 +5476,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-build"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "yazi-term",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-cli"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -4754,7 +5494,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "tokio",
- "toml 0.9.8",
+ "toml",
  "twox-hash",
  "vergen-gitcl",
  "yazi-boot",
@@ -4766,28 +5506,28 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-codegen"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-config"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
  "dirs",
  "globset",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "indexmap",
  "ratatui",
  "regex",
  "serde",
  "tokio",
- "toml 0.9.8",
+ "toml",
  "tracing",
  "yazi-codegen",
  "yazi-fs",
@@ -4798,11 +5538,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-core"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "indexmap",
  "parking_lot",
  "ratatui",
@@ -4810,7 +5550,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-stream",
  "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-width",
  "yazi-adapter",
  "yazi-config",
  "yazi-dds",
@@ -4828,10 +5568,10 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-dds"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "mlua",
  "ordered-float 5.1.0",
  "parking_lot",
@@ -4840,7 +5580,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
  "uzers",
  "vergen-gitcl",
@@ -4854,7 +5593,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-ffi"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "core-foundation-sys",
@@ -4865,7 +5604,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-fm"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "better-panic",
@@ -4905,25 +5644,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-fs"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "dirs",
- "foldhash 0.2.0",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "foldhash",
+ "hashbrown",
  "libc",
  "objc2",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "regex",
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "trash",
+ "typed-path",
  "uzers",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
  "yazi-ffi",
@@ -4934,20 +5675,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-macro"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-packing"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-parser"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "mlua",
  "ordered-float 5.1.0",
  "serde",
@@ -4958,16 +5699,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "yazi-fs",
  "yazi-macro",
  "yazi-shared",
+ "yazi-vfs",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-plugin"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
  "futures",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "libc",
  "mlua",
  "parking_lot",
@@ -4980,7 +5722,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
  "twox-hash",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-width",
  "uzers",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
  "yazi-adapter",
@@ -5007,7 +5749,7 @@ checksum = "33232d9116df6415ddfcdf72701b1b7439ce87f240a14723e8dd5d17e7ed5f98"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-proxy"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "tokio",
@@ -5019,23 +5761,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-scheduler"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-priority-channel",
- "foldhash 0.2.0",
- "futures",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "foldhash",
+ "hashbrown",
  "libc",
- "lru 0.16.2",
+ "lru",
  "mlua",
  "ordered-float 5.1.0",
  "parking_lot",
- "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
+ "yazi-binding",
  "yazi-config",
  "yazi-dds",
  "yazi-fs",
@@ -5049,31 +5790,34 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-sftp"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.10.0",
  "parking_lot",
  "russh",
  "serde",
  "tokio",
+ "typed-path",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-shared"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
- "foldhash 0.2.0",
+ "foldhash",
  "futures",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "libc",
  "memchr",
  "ordered-float 5.1.0",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
  "serde",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "tokio",
+ "typed-path",
  "uzers",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
  "yazi-macro",
@@ -5081,7 +5825,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-shim"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "twox-hash",
  "yazi-macro",
@@ -5089,7 +5833,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-term"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
  "libc",
@@ -5102,16 +5846,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-vfs"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "deadpool",
  "futures",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "parking_lot",
  "russh",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
+ "typed-path",
  "yazi-config",
  "yazi-fs",
  "yazi-macro",
@@ -5121,10 +5866,10 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-watcher"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "notify",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
@@ -5142,7 +5887,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yazi-widgets"
-version = "25.9.15"
+version = "26.1.4"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "base64",
@@ -5152,7 +5897,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot",
  "ratatui",
  "tokio",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-width",
  "yazi-binding",
  "yazi-config",
  "yazi-macro",
@@ -5163,22 +5908,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.27"
+version = "0.8.31"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0894878a5fa3edfd6da3f88c4805f4c8558e2b996227a3d864f47fe11e38282c"
+checksum = "fd74ec98b9250adb3ca554bdde269adf631549f51d8a8f8f0a10b50f1cb298c3"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.27"
+version = "0.8.31"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88d2b8d9c68ad2b9e4340d7832716a4d21a22a1154777ad56ea55c51a9cf3831"
+checksum = "d8a8d209fdf45cf5138cbb5a506f6b52522a25afccc534d1475dad8e31105c6a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5186,12 +5931,32 @@ name = "zeroize"
 version = "1.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b97154e67e32c85465826e8bcc1c59429aaaf107c1e4a9e53c8d8ccd5eff88d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "zeroize_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize_derive"
+version = "1.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85a5b4158499876c763cb03bc4e49185d3cccbabb15b33c627f7884f43db852e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.113",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zmij"
+version = "1.0.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ee2a72b10d087f75fb2e1c2c7343e308fe6970527c22a41caf8372e165ff5c1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zune-core"
-version = "0.4.12"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f423a2c17029964870cfaabb1f13dfab7d092a62a29a89264f4d36990ca414a"
+checksum = "111f7d9820f05fd715df3144e254d6fc02ee4088b0644c0ffd0efc9e6d9d2773"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zune-inflate"
@@ -5204,9 +5969,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zune-jpeg"
-version = "0.4.21"
+version = "0.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "29ce2c8a9384ad323cf564b67da86e21d3cfdff87908bc1223ed5c99bc792713"
+checksum = "e35aee689668bf9bd6f6f3a6c60bb29ba1244b3b43adfd50edd554a371da37d5"
 dependencies = [
  "zune-core",
 ]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 55fb0ce3..90cb3cc6 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ resolver        = "2"
 members         = [ "yazi-*" ]
 default-members = [ "yazi-fm", "yazi-cli" ]
 
+[profile.dev]
+debug = "line-tables-only"
+
 [profile.release]
 codegen-units = 1
 lto           = true
@@ -19,46 +22,57 @@ codegen-units = 256
 incremental   = true
 lto           = false
 
+[profile.dev.package."*"]
+debug = false
+
 [workspace.dependencies]
-ansi-to-tui         = "7.0.0"
+ansi-to-tui         = "8.0.0"
 anyhow              = "1.0.100"
 base64              = "0.22.1"
 bitflags            = { version = "2.10.0", features = [ "serde" ] }
-clap                = { version = "4.5.51", features = [ "derive" ] }
+clap                = { version = "4.5.54", features = [ "derive" ] }
 core-foundation-sys = "0.8.7"
 crossterm           = { version = "0.29.0", features = [ "event-stream" ] }
 dirs                = "6.0.0"
 foldhash            = "0.2.0"
 futures             = "0.3.31"
 globset             = "0.4.18"
-hashbrown           = { version = "0.16.0", features = [ "serde" ] }
-indexmap            = { version = "2.12.0", features = [ "serde" ] }
-libc                = "0.2.177"
+hashbrown           = { version = "0.16.1", features = [ "serde" ] }
+indexmap            = { version = "2.12.1", features = [ "serde" ] }
+libc                = "0.2.179"
 lru                 = "0.16.2"
-mlua                = { version = "0.11.4", features = [ "anyhow", "async", "error-send", "lua54", "macros", "serde" ] }
+mlua                = { version = "0.11.5", features = [ "anyhow", "async", "error-send", "lua54", "macros", "serde" ] }
 objc2               = "0.6.3"
 ordered-float       = { version = "5.1.0", features = [ "serde" ] }
 parking_lot         = "0.12.5"
 paste               = "1.0.15"
 percent-encoding    = "2.3.2"
-ratatui             = { version = "0.29.0", features = [ "unstable-rendered-line-info", "unstable-widget-ref" ] }
+rand                = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = [ "os_rng", "small_rng", "std" ] }
+ratatui             = { version = "0.30.0", features = [ "serde", "unstable-rendered-line-info", "unstable-widget-ref" ] }
 regex               = "1.12.2"
-russh               = { version = "0.54.6", default-features = false, features = [ "ring", "rsa" ] }
+russh               = { version = "0.56.0", default-features = false, features = [ "ring", "rsa" ] }
 scopeguard          = "1.2.0"
 serde               = { version = "1.0.228", features = [ "derive" ] }
-serde_json          = "1.0.145"
+serde_json          = "1.0.148"
 syntect             = { version = "5.3.0", default-features = false, features = [ "parsing", "plist-load", "regex-onig" ] }
-tokio               = { version = "1.48.0", features = [ "full" ] }
+thiserror           = "2.0.17"
+tokio               = { version = "1.49.0", features = [ "full" ] }
 tokio-stream        = "0.1.17"
 tokio-util          = "0.7.17"
-toml                = { version = "0.9.8" }
-tracing             = { version = "0.1.41", features = [ "max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug" ] }
+toml                = { version = "0.9.10" }
+tracing             = { version = "0.1.44", features = [ "max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug" ] }
 twox-hash           = { version = "2.1.2", default-features = false, features = [ "std", "random", "xxhash3_128" ] }
-unicode-width       = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
-uzers               = "0.12.1"
+typed-path          = "0.12.0"
+unicode-width       = { version = "0.2.2", default-features = false }
+uzers               = "0.12.2"
 
 [workspace.lints.clippy]
-format_push_string = "warn"
-implicit_clone     = "warn"
-module_inception   = "allow"
-use_self           = "warn"
+format_push_string   = "warn"
+if_same_then_else    = "allow"
+implicit_clone       = "warn"
+len_without_is_empty = "allow"
+missing_safety_doc   = "allow"
+module_inception     = "allow"
+option_map_unit_fn   = "allow"
+unit_arg             = "allow"
+use_self             = "warn"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 96f0ef51..2d6dfff5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ Yazi (means "duck") is a terminal file manager written in Rust, based on non-blo
 - 🖼️ **Built-in Support for Multiple Image Protocols**: Also integrated with Überzug++ and Chafa, covering almost all terminals.
 - 🌟 **Built-in Code Highlighting and Image Decoding**: Combined with the pre-loading mechanism, greatly accelerates image and normal file loading.
 - 🔌 **Concurrent Plugin System**: UI plugins (rewriting most of the UI), functional plugins, custom previewer/preloader/spotter/fetcher; Just some pieces of Lua.
+- ☁️ **Virtual Filesystem**: Remote file management, custom search engines.
 - 📡 **Data Distribution Service**: Built on a client-server architecture (no additional server process required), integrated with a Lua-based publish-subscribe model, achieving cross-instance communication and state persistence.
 - 📦 **Package Manager**: Install plugins and themes with one command, keeping them up-to-date, or pin them to a specific version.
 - 🧰 Integration with ripgrep, fd, fzf, zoxide
 - 💫 Vim-like input/pick/confirm/which/notify component, auto-completion for cd paths
 - 🏷️ Multi-Tab Support, Cross-directory selection, Scrollable Preview (for videos, PDFs, archives, code, directories, etc.)
 - 🔄 Bulk Renaming, Archive Extraction, Visual Mode, File Chooser, [Git Integration](https://github.com/yazi-rs/plugins/tree/main/git.yazi), [Mount Manager](https://github.com/yazi-rs/plugins/tree/main/mount.yazi)
-- 🎨 Theme System, Mouse Support, Trash Bin, Custom Layouts, Virtual Filesystem, CSI u, OSC 52
+- 🎨 Theme System, Mouse Support, Trash Bin, Custom Layouts, CSI u, OSC 52
 - ... and more!
 
 https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/assets/17523360/92ff23fa-0cd5-4f04-b387-894c12265cc7
diff --git a/cspell.json b/cspell.json
index c55d3a1a..d70d4760 100644
--- a/cspell.json
+++ b/cspell.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"language":"en","flagWords":[],"words":["Punct","KEYMAP","splitn","crossterm","YAZI","peekable","ratatui","syntect","pbpaste","pbcopy","oneshot","Posix","Lsar","XADDOS","zoxide","cands","Deque","precache","imageops","IFBLK","IFCHR","IFDIR","IFIFO","IFLNK","IFMT","IFSOCK","IRGRP","IROTH","IRUSR","ISGID","ISUID","ISVTX","IWGRP","IWOTH","IWUSR","IXGRP","IXOTH","IXUSR","libc","winsize","TIOCGWINSZ","xpixel","ypixel","ioerr","appender","Catppuccin","macchiato","gitmodules","Dotfiles","bashprofile","vimrc","flac","webp","exiftool","mediainfo","ripgrep","indexmap","indexmap","unwatch","canonicalize","serde","fsevent","Ueberzug","iterm","wezterm","sixel","chafa","ueberzugpp","Konsole","Überzug","pkgs","pdftoppm","poppler","singlefile","jpegopt","EXIF","rustfmt","mktemp","nanos","xclip","xsel","natord","Mintty","nixos","nixpkgs","SIGTSTP","SIGCONT","SIGCONT","mlua","nonstatic","userdata","metatable","natsort","backstack","luajit","Succ","Succ","cand","fileencoding","foldmethod","lightgreen","darkgray","lightred","lightyellow","lightcyan","nushell","msvc","aarch","linemode","sxyazi","rsplit","ZELLIJ","bitflags","bitflags","USERPROFILE","Neovim","vergen","gitcl","Renderable","preloaders","prec","Upserting","prio","Ghostty","Catmull","Lanczos","cmds","unyank","scrolloff","headsup","unsub","uzers","scopeguard","SPDLOG","globset","filetime","magick","magick","prefetcher","Prework","prefetchers","PREWORKERS","conds","translit","rxvt","Urxvt","realpath","realname","REPARSE","hardlink","hardlinking","nlink","nlink","linemodes","SIGSTOP","sevenzip","rsplitn","replacen","DECSET","DECRQM","repeek","cwds","tcsi","Hyprland","Wayfire","SWAYSOCK","btime","nsec","codegen","gethostname","fchmod","fdfind","Rustc","rustc","ffprobe","vframes","luma","obase","outln","errln","tmtheme","twox","cfgs","fstype","objc","rdev","runloop","exfat","rclone","DECRQSS","DECSCUSR","libvterm","Uninit","lockin","rposition","resvg","foldhash","tilded","futs","chdir","hashbrown","JEMALLOC","RUSTFLAGS","RDONLY","GETPATH","fcntl","casefold","inodes","Splatable","casefied"],"version":"0.2"}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"flagWords":[],"words":["Punct","KEYMAP","splitn","crossterm","YAZI","peekable","ratatui","syntect","pbpaste","pbcopy","oneshot","Posix","Lsar","XADDOS","zoxide","cands","Deque","precache","imageops","IFBLK","IFCHR","IFDIR","IFIFO","IFLNK","IFMT","IFSOCK","IRGRP","IROTH","IRUSR","ISGID","ISUID","ISVTX","IWGRP","IWOTH","IWUSR","IXGRP","IXOTH","IXUSR","libc","winsize","TIOCGWINSZ","xpixel","ypixel","ioerr","appender","Catppuccin","macchiato","gitmodules","Dotfiles","bashprofile","vimrc","flac","webp","exiftool","mediainfo","ripgrep","indexmap","indexmap","unwatch","canonicalize","serde","fsevent","Ueberzug","iterm","wezterm","sixel","chafa","ueberzugpp","Konsole","Überzug","pkgs","pdftoppm","poppler","singlefile","jpegopt","EXIF","rustfmt","mktemp","nanos","xclip","xsel","natord","Mintty","nixos","nixpkgs","SIGTSTP","SIGCONT","SIGCONT","mlua","nonstatic","userdata","metatable","natsort","backstack","luajit","Succ","Succ","cand","fileencoding","foldmethod","lightgreen","darkgray","lightred","lightyellow","lightcyan","nushell","msvc","aarch","linemode","sxyazi","rsplit","ZELLIJ","bitflags","bitflags","USERPROFILE","Neovim","vergen","gitcl","Renderable","preloaders","prec","Upserting","prio","Ghostty","Catmull","Lanczos","cmds","unyank","scrolloff","headsup","unsub","uzers","scopeguard","SPDLOG","globset","filetime","magick","magick","prefetcher","Prework","prefetchers","PREWORKERS","conds","translit","rxvt","Urxvt","realpath","realname","REPARSE","hardlink","hardlinking","nlink","nlink","linemodes","SIGSTOP","sevenzip","rsplitn","replacen","DECSET","DECRQM","repeek","cwds","tcsi","Hyprland","Wayfire","SWAYSOCK","btime","nsec","codegen","gethostname","fchmod","fdfind","Rustc","rustc","ffprobe","vframes","luma","obase","outln","errln","tmtheme","twox","cfgs","fstype","objc","rdev","runloop","exfat","rclone","DECRQSS","DECSCUSR","libvterm","Uninit","lockin","rposition","resvg","foldhash","tilded","futs","chdir","hashbrown","JEMALLOC","RUSTFLAGS","RDONLY","GETPATH","fcntl","casefold","inodes","Splatable","casefied","thiserror","memchr","memmem","russh","deadpool","keepalive","nodelay","publickey","deadpool","initing"],"version":"0.2","language":"en"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/flake.lock b/flake.lock
index a69f3da9..509429d9 100644
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1762286042,
-        "narHash": "sha256-OD5HsZ+sN7VvNucbrjiCz7CHF5zf9gP51YVJvPwYIH8=",
+        "lastModified": 1763806073,
+        "narHash": "sha256-FHsEKDvfWpzdADWj99z7vBk4D716Ujdyveo5+A048aI=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "12c1f0253aa9a54fdf8ec8aecaafada64a111e24",
+        "rev": "878e468e02bfabeda08c79250f7ad583037f2227",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1762396738,
-        "narHash": "sha256-BarSecuxtzp1boERdABLkkoxQTi6s/V33lJwUbWLrLY=",
+        "lastModified": 1763952169,
+        "narHash": "sha256-+PeDBD8P+NKauH+w7eO/QWCIp8Cx4mCfWnh9sJmy9CM=",
         "owner": "oxalica",
         "repo": "rust-overlay",
-        "rev": "c63598992afd54d215d54f2b764adc0484c2b159",
+        "rev": "ab726555a9a72e6dc80649809147823a813fa95b",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
index 07fb4afb..7c10f7c7 100644
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -52,10 +52,13 @@
         };
 
         devShells = {
-          default = pkgs.callPackage ./nix/shell.nix { };
+          default = pkgs.callPackage ./nix/shell.nix {
+            inherit toolchain;
+            inherit (self.packages.${system}) yazi yazi-unwrapped;
+          };
         };
 
-        formatter = pkgs.nixfmt-rfc-style;
+        formatter = pkgs.nixfmt-tree;
       }
     )
     // {
diff --git a/nix/shell.nix b/nix/shell.nix
index f39538dc..3207d8e3 100644
--- a/nix/shell.nix
+++ b/nix/shell.nix
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 {
-  callPackage,
-  rust-bin,
+  mkShell,
+  yazi,
+  toolchain,
   nodePackages,
+  yazi-unwrapped,
 }:
-let
-  mainPkg = callPackage ./yazi.nix { };
-in
-mainPkg.overrideAttrs (oa: {
-  nativeBuildInputs = [
-    (rust-bin.nightly.latest.default.override {
+
+mkShell {
+  packages = yazi.passthru.runtimePaths ++ [
+    (toolchain.override {
       extensions = [
         "rust-src"
         "rustfmt"
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ mainPkg.overrideAttrs (oa: {
         "clippy"
       ];
     })
-
     nodePackages.cspell
-  ]
-  ++ (oa.nativeBuildInputs or [ ]);
+  ];
+
+  inputsFrom = [ yazi-unwrapped ];
 
   env.RUST_BACKTRACE = "1";
-})
+}
diff --git a/nix/yazi-unwrapped.nix b/nix/yazi-unwrapped.nix
index eb4d0cdf..3601b485 100644
--- a/nix/yazi-unwrapped.nix
+++ b/nix/yazi-unwrapped.nix
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   lib,
 
   installShellFiles,
-  stdenv,
+  fetchFromGitHub,
   rust-jemalloc-sys,
 
   imagemagick,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ let
     ];
   };
 in
-rustPlatform.buildRustPackage rec {
+rustPlatform.buildRustPackage (finalAttrs: {
   pname = "yazi";
   inherit version src;
 
@@ -60,14 +60,27 @@ rustPlatform.buildRustPackage rec {
       magick assets/logo.png -resize "$RES"x"$RES" $out/share/icons/hicolor/"$RES"x"$RES"/apps/yazi.png
     done
 
+    installManPage ${finalAttrs.passthru.srcs.man_src}/yazi{.1,-config.5}
+
     mkdir -p $out/share/applications
     install -m644 assets/yazi.desktop $out/share/applications/
   '';
 
+  passthru.srcs = {
+    man_src = fetchFromGitHub {
+      name = "manpages"; # needed to ensure name is unique
+      owner = "yazi-rs";
+      repo = "manpages";
+      rev = "8950e968f4a1ad0b83d5836ec54a070855068dbf";
+      hash = "sha256-kEVXejDg4ChFoMNBvKlwdFEyUuTcY2VuK9j0PdafKus=";
+    };
+  };
+  
+
   meta = {
     description = "Blazing fast terminal file manager written in Rust, based on async I/O";
     homepage = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi";
     license = lib.licenses.mit;
     mainProgram = "yazi";
   };
-}
+})
diff --git a/nix/yazi.nix b/nix/yazi.nix
index 1eacd22c..5bac0fc7 100644
--- a/nix/yazi.nix
+++ b/nix/yazi.nix
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ runCommand yazi-unwrapped.name
     inherit (yazi-unwrapped) pname version meta;
 
     nativeBuildInputs = [ makeWrapper ];
+
+    passthru.runtimePaths = runtimePaths;
   }
   ''
     mkdir -p $out/bin
diff --git a/scripts/bump.sh b/scripts/bump.sh
index efbfd1c8..08062ea7 100755
--- a/scripts/bump.sh
+++ b/scripts/bump.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,14 @@ cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.."
 echo "Bumping version: $1"
 
 TOML_FILES="$(git ls-files '*Cargo.toml')"
-perl -pi -e "s/^version .*= .*\$/version = \"$1\"/" -- $TOML_FILES
-perl -pi -e "s/^(yazi-[a-z]+)\\s*=\\s*{.*\$/\\1 = { path = \"..\/\\1\", version = \"$1\" }/" -- $TOML_FILES
+perl -pi -e 's/^version .*= .*$/version = "'"$1"'"/' -- $TOML_FILES
+perl -pi -e 's/^(yazi-[a-z]+)\s*=\s*{.*$/\1 = { path = "..\/\1", version = "'"$1"'" }/' -- $TOML_FILES
+
+# Insert "## [v$1]" after "## [Unreleased]"
+perl -0777 -pe "s/^(## \[Unreleased\]\s*)/\\1## [v$1]\n\n/m" -i CHANGELOG.md
+# Determine previous version and append compare link
+prev_ver=$(grep -oE '^\[v[0-9][^]]+\]' CHANGELOG.md | tail -n1 | tr -d '[]')
+link="\[v$1\]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/compare/$prev_ver...v$1"
+perl -pi -e 's{(\['"$prev_ver"'\]:[^\n]+\n)}{$1'"$link"'\n}s' CHANGELOG.md
 
 ESLINT_USE_FLAT_CONFIG=true eslint -c ~/.config/rules/eslint/eslint.config.cjs --fix -- $TOML_FILES
diff --git a/scripts/publish.sh b/scripts/publish.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index aa863625..00000000
--- a/scripts/publish.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-cargo publish -p yazi-macro && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-codegen && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-shared && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-ffi && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-fs && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-term && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-config && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-proxy && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-adapter && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-boot && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-binding && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-dds && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-scheduler && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-plugin && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-widgets && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-core && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-fm && sleep 30
-cargo publish -p yazi-cli
diff --git a/scripts/validate-form/package-lock.json b/scripts/validate-form/package-lock.json
index 4b3846c7..77bf7f59 100644
--- a/scripts/validate-form/package-lock.json
+++ b/scripts/validate-form/package-lock.json
@@ -8,27 +8,37 @@
 			"name": "validate-form",
 			"version": "1.0.0",
 			"dependencies": {
-				"@actions/core": "^1.10.1",
+				"@actions/core": "^2.0.1",
 				"@actions/github": "^6.0.0"
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/@actions/core": {
-			"version": "1.11.1",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/core/-/core-1.11.1.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-hXJCSrkwfA46Vd9Z3q4cpEpHB1rL5NG04+/rbqW9d3+CSvtB1tYe8UTpAlixa1vj0m/ULglfEK2UKxMGxCxv5A==",
+			"version": "2.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/core/-/core-2.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-oBfqT3GwkvLlo1fjvhQLQxuwZCGTarTE5OuZ2Wg10hvhBj7LRIlF611WT4aZS6fDhO5ZKlY7lCAZTlpmyaHaeg==",
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
-				"@actions/exec": "^1.1.1",
-				"@actions/http-client": "^2.0.1"
+				"@actions/exec": "^2.0.0",
+				"@actions/http-client": "^3.0.0"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@actions/core/node_modules/@actions/http-client": {
+			"version": "3.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/http-client/-/http-client-3.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-1s3tXAfVMSz9a4ZEBkXXRQD4QhY3+GAsWSbaYpeknPOKEeyRiU3lH+bHiLMZdo2x/fIeQ/hscL1wCkDLVM2DZQ==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"tunnel": "^0.0.6",
+				"undici": "^5.28.5"
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/@actions/exec": {
-			"version": "1.1.1",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/exec/-/exec-1.1.1.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-+sCcHHbVdk93a0XT19ECtO/gIXoxvdsgQLzb2fE2/5sIZmWQuluYyjPQtrtTHdU1YzTZ7bAPN4sITq2xi1679w==",
+			"version": "2.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/exec/-/exec-2.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-k8ngrX2voJ/RIN6r9xB82NVqKpnMRtxDoiO+g3olkIUpQNqjArXrCQceduQZCQj3P3xm32pChRLqRrtXTlqhIw==",
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
-				"@actions/io": "^1.0.1"
+				"@actions/io": "^2.0.0"
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/@actions/github": {
@@ -57,9 +67,9 @@
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/@actions/io": {
-			"version": "1.1.3",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/io/-/io-1.1.3.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-wi9JjgKLYS7U/z8PPbco+PvTb/nRWjeoFlJ1Qer83k/3C5PHQi28hiVdeE2kHXmIL99mQFawx8qt/JPjZilJ8Q==",
+			"version": "2.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/io/-/io-2.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-Jv33IN09XLO+0HS79aaODsvIRyduiF7NY/F6LYeK5oeUmrsz7aFdRphQjFoESF4jS7lMauDOttKALcpapVDIAg==",
 			"license": "MIT"
 		},
 		"node_modules/@fastify/busboy": {
@@ -85,6 +95,7 @@
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@octokit/core/-/core-5.2.1.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-dKYCMuPO1bmrpuogcjQ8z7ICCH3FP6WmxpwC03yjzGfZhj9fTJg6+bS1+UAplekbN2C+M61UNllGOOoAfGCrdQ==",
 			"license": "MIT",
+			"peer": true,
 			"dependencies": {
 				"@octokit/auth-token": "^4.0.0",
 				"@octokit/graphql": "^7.1.0",
diff --git a/scripts/validate-form/package.json b/scripts/validate-form/package.json
index 18ee8bec..aee804a4 100644
--- a/scripts/validate-form/package.json
+++ b/scripts/validate-form/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 	},
 	"private": true,
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@actions/core": "^1.10.1",
+		"@actions/core": "^2.0.1",
 		"@actions/github": "^6.0.0"
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/Cargo.toml b/yazi-actor/Cargo.toml
index e07c6841..7f942d45 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-actor/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-actor"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,27 +8,30 @@ description = "Yazi actor model"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [features]
 default      = [ "vendored-lua" ]
 vendored-lua = [ "mlua/vendored" ]
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-binding   = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-boot      = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config    = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-core      = { path = "../yazi-core", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds       = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs        = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro     = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser    = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-plugin    = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-proxy     = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-scheduler = { path = "../yazi-scheduler", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared    = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-term      = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs       = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-watcher   = { path = "../yazi-watcher", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-widgets   = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-binding   = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-boot      = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config    = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-core      = { path = "../yazi-core", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds       = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs        = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro     = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser    = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-plugin    = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-proxy     = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-scheduler = { path = "../yazi-scheduler", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared    = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-term      = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs       = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-watcher   = { path = "../yazi-watcher", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-widgets   = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow       = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/README.md b/yazi-actor/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d768a010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-actor/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-actor
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/cmp/close.rs b/yazi-actor/src/cmp/close.rs
index a6c179c3..4f68dc1c 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/cmp/close.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/cmp/close.rs
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ impl Actor for Close {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		let cmp = &mut cx.core.cmp;
 		if let Some(item) = cmp.selected().filter(|_| opt.submit).cloned() {
-			return act!(complete, cx.core.input, CompleteOpt { item, _ticket: cmp.ticket });
+			return act!(input:complete, cx, CompleteOpt { item, ticket: cmp.ticket });
 		}
 
 		cmp.caches.clear();
+		cmp.ticket = Default::default();
 		succ!(render!(mem::replace(&mut cmp.visible, false)));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/cmp/show.rs b/yazi-actor/src/cmp/show.rs
index 99645d87..585b9e03 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/cmp/show.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/cmp/show.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsStr, mem, ops::ControlFlow};
+use std::{mem, ops::ControlFlow};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use yazi_macro::{render, succ};
 use yazi_parser::cmp::{CmpItem, ShowOpt};
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, osstr_contains, osstr_starts_with};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::{AsPath, PathDyn}, strand::StrandLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ impl Actor for Show {
 			succ!();
 		};
 
-		cmp.ticket = opt.ticket;
-		cmp.cands = Self::match_candidates(opt.word.as_os_str(), cache);
+		cmp.cands = Self::match_candidates(opt.word.as_path(), cache);
 		if cmp.cands.is_empty() {
 			succ!(render!(mem::replace(&mut cmp.visible, false)));
 		}
@@ -43,16 +42,19 @@ impl Actor for Show {
 }
 
 impl Show {
-	fn match_candidates(word: &OsStr, cache: &[CmpItem]) -> Vec<CmpItem> {
-		let smart = !word.as_encoded_bytes().iter().any(|c| c.is_ascii_uppercase());
+	fn match_candidates(word: PathDyn, cache: &[CmpItem]) -> Vec<CmpItem> {
+		let smart = !word.encoded_bytes().iter().any(|&b| b.is_ascii_uppercase());
 
 		let flow = cache.iter().try_fold((Vec::new(), Vec::new()), |(mut exact, mut fuzzy), item| {
-			if osstr_starts_with(&item.name, word, smart) {
+			let starts_with =
+				if smart { item.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(word) } else { item.name.starts_with(word) };
+
+			if starts_with {
 				exact.push(item);
 				if exact.len() >= LIMIT {
 					return ControlFlow::Break((exact, fuzzy));
 				}
-			} else if fuzzy.len() < LIMIT - exact.len() && osstr_contains(&item.name, word) {
+			} else if fuzzy.len() < LIMIT - exact.len() && item.name.contains(word) {
 				// Here we don't break the control flow, since we want more exact matching.
 				fuzzy.push(item)
 			}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/cmp/trigger.rs b/yazi-actor/src/cmp/trigger.rs
index a5ac077d..bbe88617 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/cmp/trigger.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/cmp/trigger.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsString, mem, path::{MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR, PathBuf}};
+use std::mem;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use yazi_fs::{CWD, path::expand_url, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder}};
+use yazi_fs::{path::clean_url, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder}};
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, succ};
 use yazi_parser::cmp::{CmpItem, ShowOpt, TriggerOpt};
 use yazi_proxy::CmpProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{OsStrSplit, data::Data, natsort, scheme::SchemeLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{AnyAsciiChar, BytePredictor, data::Data, natsort, path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn, PathLike}, scheme::{SchemeCow, SchemeLike}, strand::{AsStrand, StrandLike}, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::provider;
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl Actor for Trigger {
 
 		if cmp.caches.contains_key(&parent) {
 			let ticket = cmp.ticket;
-			return act!(cmp:show, cx, ShowOpt { cache_name: parent, word, ticket, ..Default::default() });
+			return act!(cmp:show, cx, ShowOpt { cache: vec![], cache_name: parent, word, ticket });
 		}
 
 		let ticket = cmp.ticket;
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ impl Actor for Trigger {
 
 			// "/" is both a directory separator and the root directory per se
 			// As there's no parent directory for the FS root, it is a special case
-			if parent.loc.as_os_str() == "/" {
-				cache.push(CmpItem { name: OsString::new(), is_dir: true });
+			if parent.loc() == "/" {
+				cache.push(CmpItem { name: Default::default(), is_dir: true });
 			}
 
 			while let Ok(Some(ent)) = dir.next().await {
@@ -53,9 +53,8 @@ impl Actor for Trigger {
 			}
 
 			if !cache.is_empty() {
-				cache.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| {
-					natsort(a.name.as_encoded_bytes(), b.name.as_encoded_bytes(), false)
-				});
+				cache
+					.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| natsort(a.name.encoded_bytes(), b.name.encoded_bytes(), false));
 				CmpProxy::show(ShowOpt { cache, cache_name: parent, word, ticket });
 			}
 
@@ -67,38 +66,47 @@ impl Actor for Trigger {
 }
 
 impl Trigger {
-	fn split_url(s: &str) -> Option<(UrlBuf, PathBuf)> {
-		let (scheme, path, ..) = UrlCow::parse(s.as_bytes()).ok()?;
+	fn split_url(s: &str) -> Option<(UrlBuf, PathBufDyn)> {
+		let sep = if cfg!(windows) {
+			AnyAsciiChar::new(b"/\\").unwrap()
+		} else {
+			AnyAsciiChar::new(b"/").unwrap()
+		};
 
-		if scheme.is_local() && path.as_os_str() == "~" {
-			return None; // We don't autocomplete a `~`, but `~/`
+		let (scheme, path) = SchemeCow::parse(s.as_bytes()).ok()?;
+		if path.is_empty() && !sep.predicate(s.bytes().last()?) {
+			return None; // We don't complete a `sftp://test`, but `sftp://test/`
 		}
 
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		const SEP: &[char] = &['/', '\\'];
-		#[cfg(not(windows))]
-		const SEP: char = std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR;
+		// Scheme
+		let scheme = scheme.zeroed();
+		if scheme.is_local() && path.as_strand() == "~" {
+			return None; // We don't complete a `~`, but `~/`
+		}
 
-		Some(match path.as_os_str().rsplit_once(SEP) {
-			Some((p, c)) if p.is_empty() => {
-				(UrlBuf { loc: MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR.into(), scheme: scheme.into() }, c.into())
-			}
-			Some((p, c)) => (expand_url(UrlBuf { loc: p.into(), scheme: scheme.into() }), c.into()),
-			None => (CWD.load().as_ref().clone(), path.into()),
-		})
+		// Child
+		let child = path.rsplit_pred(sep).map_or(path.as_path(), |(_, c)| c).to_owned();
+
+		// Parent
+		let url = UrlCow::try_from((scheme.clone().zeroed(), path)).ok()?;
+		let abs = if let Some(u) = provider::try_absolute(&url) { u } else { url };
+		let parent = abs.loc().try_strip_suffix(&child).ok()?;
+
+		Some((clean_url(UrlCow::try_from((scheme, parent)).ok()?), child))
 	}
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+	use yazi_fs::CWD;
 	use yazi_shared::url::UrlLike;
 
 	use super::*;
 
 	fn compare(s: &str, parent: &str, child: &str) {
 		let (mut p, c) = Trigger::split_url(s).unwrap();
-		if let Some(u) = p.strip_prefix(yazi_fs::CWD.load().as_ref()) {
-			p = UrlBuf::from(u);
+		if let Ok(u) = p.try_strip_prefix(yazi_fs::CWD.load().as_ref()) {
+			p = UrlBuf::Regular(u.as_os().unwrap().into());
 		}
 		assert_eq!((p, c.to_str().unwrap()), (parent.parse().unwrap(), child));
 	}
@@ -106,14 +114,31 @@ mod tests {
 	#[cfg(unix)]
 	#[test]
 	fn test_split() {
+		yazi_shared::init_tests();
 		yazi_fs::init();
-		compare("", "", "");
+
+		assert_eq!(Trigger::split_url(""), None);
+		assert_eq!(Trigger::split_url("sftp://test"), None);
 		compare(" ", "", " ");
+
 		compare("/", "/", "");
-		compare("//", "//", "");
+		compare("//", "/", "");
+		compare("///", "/", "");
+
 		compare("/foo", "/", "foo");
+		compare("//foo", "/", "foo");
+		compare("///foo", "/", "foo");
+
 		compare("/foo/", "/foo/", "");
+		compare("//foo/", "/foo/", "");
 		compare("/foo/bar", "/foo/", "bar");
+		compare("///foo/bar", "/foo/", "bar");
+
+		CWD.set(&"sftp://test".parse::<UrlBuf>().unwrap(), || {});
+		compare("sftp://test/a", "sftp://test/.", "a");
+		compare("sftp://test//a", "sftp://test//", "a");
+		compare("sftp://test2/a", "sftp://test2/.", "a");
+		compare("sftp://test2//a", "sftp://test2//", "a");
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(windows)]
@@ -121,9 +146,11 @@ mod tests {
 	fn test_split() {
 		yazi_fs::init();
 		compare("foo", "", "foo");
+
 		compare(r"foo\", r"foo\", "");
 		compare(r"foo\bar", r"foo\", "bar");
 		compare(r"foo\bar\", r"foo\bar\", "");
+
 		compare(r"C:\", r"C:\", "");
 		compare(r"C:\foo", r"C:\", "foo");
 		compare(r"C:\foo\", r"C:\foo\", "");
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/context.rs b/yazi-actor/src/context.rs
index 9361ae92..259c3160 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/context.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/context.rs
@@ -118,13 +118,5 @@ impl<'a> Ctx<'a> {
 	pub fn tasks(&self) -> &Tasks { &self.tasks }
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn source(&self) -> Source {
-		use Source::*;
-		match self.source {
-			Key if self.level != 1 => Ind,
-			Emit if self.level != 1 => EmitInd,
-			Relay if self.level != 1 => RelayInd,
-			s => s,
-		}
-	}
+	pub fn source(&self) -> Source { if self.level != 1 { Source::Ind } else { self.source } }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/core/preflight.rs b/yazi-actor/src/core/preflight.rs
index fbd2aac3..1c46a51c 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/core/preflight.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/core/preflight.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
 use anyhow::Result;
 use mlua::{ErrorContext, ExternalError, IntoLua, Value};
 use yazi_binding::runtime_mut;
@@ -8,12 +6,10 @@ use yazi_plugin::LUA;
 
 use crate::{Ctx, lives::Lives};
 
-pub struct Preflight<'a> {
-	_lifetime: PhantomData<&'a ()>,
-}
+pub struct Preflight;
 
-impl<'a> Preflight<'a> {
-	pub fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: (SparkKind, Spark<'a>)) -> Result<Spark<'a>> {
+impl Preflight {
+	pub fn act<'a>(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: (SparkKind, Spark<'a>)) -> Result<Spark<'a>> {
 		let kind = opt.0;
 		let Some(handlers) = LOCAL.read().get(kind.as_ref()).filter(|&m| !m.is_empty()).cloned() else {
 			return Ok(opt.1);
@@ -27,10 +23,9 @@ impl<'a> Preflight<'a> {
 				runtime_mut!(LUA)?.pop();
 
 				match result {
-					Ok(Value::Nil) => Err(
-						format!("Cancelled by `{kind}` event handler in `{id}` plugin on preflight")
-							.into_lua_err(),
-					)?,
+					Ok(Value::Nil) => {
+						Err(format!("`{kind}` event cancelled by `{id}` plugin on preflight").into_lua_err())?
+					}
 					Ok(v) => body = v,
 					Err(e) => Err(
 						format!("Failed to run `{kind}` event handler in `{id}` plugin: {e}").into_lua_err(),
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/input/complete.rs b/yazi-actor/src/input/complete.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5c40a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/input/complete.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
+use yazi_parser::input::CompleteOpt;
+use yazi_shared::data::Data;
+
+use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
+
+pub struct Complete;
+
+impl Actor for Complete {
+	type Options = CompleteOpt;
+
+	const NAME: &str = "complete";
+
+	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
+		let input = &mut cx.input;
+		if !input.visible || input.ticket.current() != opt.ticket {
+			succ!();
+		}
+
+		act!(complete, input, opt)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/input/mod.rs b/yazi-actor/src/input/mod.rs
index d23f3447..16e44b0e 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/input/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/input/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(close escape show);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(close complete escape show);
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lib.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lib.rs
index def17563..95950dad 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else, clippy::option_map_unit_fn)]
-
 extern crate self as yazi_actor;
 
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(cmp confirm core help input lives mgr pick spot tasks which);
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/core.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/core.rs
index d7860c01..a0341054 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/core.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/core.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl UserData for Core {
 					}
 				};
 			}
-			Ok(match key.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+			Ok(match &*key.as_bytes() {
 				b"active" => reuse!(active, super::Tab::make(me.active())),
 				b"tabs" => reuse!(tabs, super::Tabs::make(&me.mgr.tabs)),
 				b"tasks" => reuse!(tasks, super::Tasks::make(&me.tasks)),
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/file.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/file.rs
index aeca4b56..3a41f6bc 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/file.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::{ops::Deref, ptr};
 
 use mlua::{AnyUserData, IntoLua, UserData, UserDataFields, UserDataMethods, Value};
-use yazi_binding::Style;
+use yazi_binding::{Style, cached_field};
 use yazi_config::THEME;
 use yazi_plugin::bindings::Range;
-use yazi_shared::url::UrlLike;
+use yazi_shared::{path::AsPath, url::UrlLike};
 
 use super::Lives;
 use crate::lives::PtrCell;
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ pub(super) struct File {
 	v_link_to: Option<Value>,
 
 	v_name:  Option<Value>,
+	v_path:  Option<Value>,
 	v_cache: Option<Value>,
+
+	v_bare: Option<Value>,
 }
 
 impl Deref for File {
@@ -53,7 +56,10 @@ impl File {
 					v_link_to: None,
 
 					v_name: None,
+					v_path: None,
 					v_cache: None,
+
+					v_bare: None,
 				})?;
 				ve.insert(ud.clone());
 				ud
@@ -65,11 +71,13 @@ impl File {
 impl UserData for File {
 	fn add_fields<F: UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
 		yazi_binding::impl_file_fields!(fields);
+		cached_field!(fields, bare, |_, me| Ok(yazi_binding::File::new(&**me)));
 
 		fields.add_field_method_get("idx", |_, me| Ok(me.idx + 1));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("is_hovered", |_, me| Ok(me.idx == me.folder.cursor));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("in_current", |_, me| Ok(ptr::eq(&*me.folder, &me.tab.current)));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("in_preview", |_, me| {
-			Ok(me.tab.hovered().is_some_and(|f| f.url == me.folder.url))
+			Ok(me.idx == me.folder.cursor && me.tab.hovered().is_some_and(|f| f.url == me.folder.url))
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -88,13 +96,10 @@ impl UserData for File {
 			if !me.url.has_trail() {
 				return Ok(None);
 			}
-			let Some(path) = me.url.as_path() else {
-				return Ok(None);
-			};
 
-			let mut comp = path.strip_prefix(me.url.loc.trail()).unwrap_or(path).components();
+			let mut comp = me.url.try_strip_prefix(me.url.trail()).unwrap_or(me.url.loc()).components();
 			comp.next_back();
-			Some(lua.create_string(comp.as_path().as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+			Some(lua.create_string(comp.as_path().encoded_bytes())).transpose()
 		});
 		methods.add_method("style", |lua, me, ()| {
 			lua.named_registry_value::<AnyUserData>("cx")?.borrow_scoped(|core: &yazi_core::Core| {
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs
index 3ff86e7c..ab4ed872 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl Folder {
 
 impl UserData for Folder {
 	fn add_fields<F: UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
-		cached_field!(fields, cwd, |_, me| Ok(Url::new(me.url.to_owned())));
+		cached_field!(fields, cwd, |_, me| Ok(Url::new(&me.url)));
 		cached_field!(fields, files, |_, me| Files::make(0..me.files.len(), me, &me.tab));
 		cached_field!(fields, stage, |_, me| Ok(FolderStage::new(me.stage.clone())));
 		cached_field!(fields, window, |_, me| Files::make(me.window.clone(), me, &me.tab));
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/preference.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/preference.rs
index f77a30b5..a7236363 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/preference.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/preference.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl UserData for Preference {
 		fields.add_field_method_get("sort_dir_first", |_, me| Ok(me.sort_dir_first));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("sort_translit", |_, me| Ok(me.sort_translit));
 
-		cached_field!(fields, linemode, |_, me| Ok(me.linemode.to_string()));
+		cached_field!(fields, linemode, |lua, me| lua.create_string(&me.linemode));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("show_hidden", |_, me| Ok(me.show_hidden));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/selected.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/selected.rs
index b3569b96..2956dd37 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/selected.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/selected.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ impl Selected {
 		let inner = PtrCell::from(inner);
 
 		Lives::scoped_userdata(yazi_binding::Iter::new(
-			inner.as_static().values().cloned().map(yazi_binding::Url::new),
+			inner.as_static().values().map(yazi_binding::Url::new),
 			Some(inner.len()),
 		))
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/tab.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/tab.rs
index 6c97fbb3..1c4ab5dd 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/tab.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/tab.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl UserData for Tab {
 		fields.add_field_method_get("id", |_, me| Ok(Id(me.id)));
 		cached_field!(fields, name, |lua, me| {
 			let url = &me.current.url;
-			lua.create_string(url.name().unwrap_or(url.loc.as_os_str()).as_encoded_bytes())
+			lua.create_string(url.name().map_or_else(|| url.loc().encoded_bytes(), |n| n.encoded_bytes()))
 		});
 
 		cached_field!(fields, mode, |_, me| Mode::make(&me.mode));
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/task.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/task.rs
index 9003c252..7d63b7b5 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/task.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/task.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use mlua::{AnyUserData, LuaSerdeExt, UserData, UserDataFields, Value};
-use yazi_binding::cached_field;
-use yazi_plugin::runtime::SER_OPT;
+use yazi_binding::{SER_OPT, cached_field};
 
 use super::{Lives, PtrCell};
 
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ impl UserData for TaskSnap {
 		cached_field!(fields, name, |lua, me| lua.create_string(&me.name));
 		cached_field!(fields, prog, |lua, me| lua.to_value_with(&me.prog, SER_OPT));
 
+		fields.add_field_method_get("cooked", |_, me| Ok(me.prog.cooked()));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("running", |_, me| Ok(me.prog.running()));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("success", |_, me| Ok(me.prog.success()));
 		fields.add_field_method_get("failed", |_, me| Ok(me.prog.failed()));
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/tasks.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/tasks.rs
index 9d264484..e39129cc 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/tasks.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/tasks.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use mlua::{AnyUserData, LuaSerdeExt, UserData, UserDataFields, Value};
-use yazi_binding::{cached_field, deprecate};
-use yazi_plugin::runtime::SER_OPT;
+use yazi_binding::{SER_OPT, cached_field, deprecate};
 
 use super::{Lives, PtrCell};
 use crate::lives::TaskSnap;
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/yanked.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/yanked.rs
index 8854936d..d5b9ee92 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/yanked.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/yanked.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl Yanked {
 		Lives::scoped_userdata(Self {
 			inner,
 			iter: Lives::scoped_userdata(Iter::new(
-				inner.as_static().iter().cloned().map(yazi_binding::Url::new),
+				inner.as_static().iter().map(yazi_binding::Url::new),
 				Some(inner.len()),
 			))?,
 		})
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/back.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/back.rs
index 95f744f3..b8ba672d 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/back.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/back.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ impl Actor for Back {
 
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, _: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		if let Some(u) = cx.tab_mut().backstack.shift_backward().cloned() {
-			return act!(mgr:cd, cx, (u, CdSource::Back));
+			act!(mgr:cd, cx, (u, CdSource::Back))?;
 		}
 		succ!();
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/bulk_rename.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/bulk_rename.rs
index bf178b5e..9c853bd9 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/bulk_rename.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/bulk_rename.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-use std::{ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, hash::Hash, io::{Read, Write}, ops::Deref, path::Path};
+use std::{hash::Hash, io::{Read, Write}, ops::Deref, path::Path};
 
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
 use crossterm::{execute, style::Print};
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use scopeguard::defer;
 use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
+use yazi_binding::Permit;
 use yazi_config::{YAZI, opener::OpenerRule};
 use yazi_dds::Pubsub;
 use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp, Splatter, max_common_root, path::skip_url, provider::{FileBuilder, Provider, local::{Gate, Local}}};
 use yazi_macro::{err, succ};
 use yazi_parser::VoidOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, HIDER, TasksProxy};
-use yazi_shared::{OsStrJoin, data::Data, terminal_clear, url::{AsUrl, Component, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathDyn, strand::{AsStrand, AsStrandJoin, Strand, StrandBuf, StrandLike}, terminal_clear, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_term::tty::TTY;
 use yazi_vfs::{VfsFile, maybe_exists, provider};
 use yazi_watcher::WATCHER;
@@ -47,10 +48,15 @@ impl Actor for BulkRename {
 				.create_new(true)
 				.open(&tmp)
 				.await?
-				.write_all(old.join(OsStr::new("\n")).as_encoded_bytes())
+				.write_all(old.join(Strand::Utf8("\n")).encoded_bytes())
 				.await?;
 
-			defer! { tokio::spawn(Local.remove_file(tmp.clone())); }
+			defer! {
+				let tmp = tmp.clone();
+				tokio::spawn(async move {
+					Local::regular(&tmp).remove_file().await
+				});
+			}
 			TasksProxy::process_exec(
 				cwd.into(),
 				Splatter::new(&[UrlCow::default(), tmp.as_url().into()]).splat(&opener.run),
@@ -60,12 +66,11 @@ impl Actor for BulkRename {
 			)
 			.await;
 
-			let _permit = HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap();
-			defer!(AppProxy::resume());
+			let _permit = Permit::new(HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap(), AppProxy::resume());
 			AppProxy::stop().await;
 
-			let new: Vec<_> = Local
-				.read_to_string(&tmp)
+			let new: Vec<_> = Local::regular(&tmp)
+				.read_to_string()
 				.await?
 				.lines()
 				.take(old.len())
@@ -120,10 +125,12 @@ impl BulkRename {
 		let permit = WATCHER.acquire().await.unwrap();
 		let (mut failed, mut succeeded) = (Vec::new(), HashMap::with_capacity(todo.len()));
 		for (o, n) in todo {
-			let (old, new): (UrlBuf, UrlBuf) = (
-				selected[o.0].components().take(root).chain([Component::Normal(&o)]).collect(),
-				selected[n.0].components().take(root).chain([Component::Normal(&n)]).collect(),
-			);
+			let (Ok(old), Ok(new)) =
+				(Self::replace_url(&selected[o.0], root, &o), Self::replace_url(&selected[n.0], root, &n))
+			else {
+				failed.push((o, n, anyhow!("Invalid new or old file name")));
+				continue;
+			};
 
 			if maybe_exists(&new).await && !provider::must_identical(&old, &new).await {
 				failed.push((o, n, anyhow!("Destination already exists")));
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ impl BulkRename {
 		}
 
 		if !succeeded.is_empty() {
-			let it = succeeded.iter().map(|(o, n)| (o, &n.url));
+			let it = succeeded.iter().map(|(o, n)| (o.as_url(), n.url.as_url()));
 			err!(Pubsub::pub_after_bulk(it));
 			FilesOp::rename(succeeded);
 		}
@@ -153,6 +160,10 @@ impl BulkRename {
 		YAZI.opener.block(YAZI.open.all(Path::new("bulk-rename.txt"), "text/plain"))
 	}
 
+	fn replace_url(url: &UrlBuf, take: usize, rep: &StrandBuf) -> Result<UrlBuf> {
+		Ok(url.try_replace(take, PathDyn::with(url.kind(), rep)?)?.into_owned())
+	}
+
 	async fn output_failed(failed: Vec<(Tuple, Tuple, anyhow::Error)>) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut stdout = TTY.lockout();
 		terminal_clear(&mut *stdout)?;
@@ -209,10 +220,10 @@ impl BulkRename {
 
 // --- Tuple
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct Tuple(usize, OsString);
+struct Tuple(usize, StrandBuf);
 
 impl Deref for Tuple {
-	type Target = OsStr;
+	type Target = StrandBuf;
 
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.1 }
 }
@@ -227,12 +238,12 @@ impl Hash for Tuple {
 	fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.1.hash(state); }
 }
 
-impl AsRef<OsStr> for Tuple {
-	fn as_ref(&self) -> &OsStr { &self.1 }
+impl AsStrand for &Tuple {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { self.1.as_strand() }
 }
 
 impl Tuple {
-	fn new(index: usize, inner: impl Into<OsString>) -> Self { Self(index, inner.into()) }
+	fn new(index: usize, inner: impl Into<StrandBuf>) -> Self { Self(index, inner.into()) }
 }
 
 // --- Tests
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/cd.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/cd.rs
index 72d4f87f..2e7fe80a 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/cd.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/cd.rs
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ use tokio::pin;
 use tokio_stream::{StreamExt, wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream};
 use yazi_config::popup::InputCfg;
 use yazi_dds::Pubsub;
-use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp, path::expand_url};
+use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp, path::{clean_url, expand_url}};
 use yazi_macro::{act, err, render, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::CdOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::{CmpProxy, InputProxy, MgrProxy};
-use yazi_shared::{Debounce, data::Data, errors::InputError, path::PathLike, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
-use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
+use yazi_shared::{Debounce, data::Data, errors::InputError, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_vfs::{VfsFile, provider};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl Actor for Cd {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		act!(mgr:escape_visual, cx)?;
 		if opt.interactive {
-			return Self::cd_interactive();
+			return Self::cd_interactive(cx);
 		}
 
 		let tab = cx.tab_mut();
@@ -33,18 +33,8 @@ impl Actor for Cd {
 		}
 
 		// Take parent to history
-		if let Some(rep) = tab.parent.take() {
-			tab.history.insert(rep.url.to_owned(), rep);
-		}
-
-		// Backstack
-		if opt.source.big_jump() {
-			if tab.current.url.is_regular() {
-				tab.backstack.push(tab.current.url.as_url());
-			}
-			if opt.target.is_regular() {
-				tab.backstack.push(opt.target.as_url());
-			}
+		if let Some(t) = tab.parent.take() {
+			tab.history.insert(t.url.clone(), t);
 		}
 
 		// Current
@@ -60,7 +50,7 @@ impl Actor for Cd {
 			rep.stage = Default::default();
 		}
 		let rep = mem::replace(&mut tab.current, rep);
-		tab.history.insert(rep.url.to_owned(), rep);
+		tab.history.insert(rep.url.clone(), rep);
 
 		// Parent
 		if let Some(parent) = opt.target.parent() {
@@ -74,8 +64,9 @@ impl Actor for Cd {
 			tab.parent = Some(parent_folder);
 		}
 		err!(Pubsub::pub_after_cd(tab.id, tab.cwd()));
+		act!(mgr:displace, cx)?;
 		act!(mgr:hidden, cx)?;
-		act!(mgr:sort, cx)?;
+		act!(mgr:sort, cx).ok();
 
 		// Apply config excludes if no plugin patterns are set
 		// This ensures config patterns work when gitignore plugin is disabled
@@ -86,13 +77,14 @@ impl Actor for Cd {
 
 		act!(mgr:hover, cx)?;
 		act!(mgr:refresh, cx)?;
+		act!(mgr:stash, cx, opt).ok();
 		succ!(render!());
 	}
 }
 
 impl Cd {
-	fn cd_interactive() -> Result<Data> {
-		let input = InputProxy::show(InputCfg::cd());
+	fn cd_interactive(cx: &Ctx) -> Result<Data> {
+		let input = InputProxy::show(InputCfg::cd(cx.cwd().as_url()));
 
 		tokio::spawn(async move {
 			let rx = Debounce::new(UnboundedReceiverStream::new(input), Duration::from_millis(50));
@@ -102,6 +94,8 @@ impl Cd {
 				match result {
 					Ok(s) => {
 						let Ok(url) = UrlBuf::try_from(s).map(expand_url) else { return };
+						let Ok(url) = provider::absolute(&url).await else { return };
+						let url = clean_url(url);
 
 						let Ok(file) = File::new(&url).await else { return };
 						if file.is_dir() {
@@ -109,12 +103,12 @@ impl Cd {
 						}
 
 						if let Some(p) = url.parent() {
-							FilesOp::Upserting(p.into(), [(url.urn().owned(), file)].into()).emit();
+							FilesOp::Upserting(p.into(), [(url.urn().into(), file)].into()).emit();
 						}
-						MgrProxy::reveal(&url);
+						MgrProxy::reveal(url);
 					}
 					Err(InputError::Completed(before, ticket)) => {
-						CmpProxy::trigger(&before, ticket);
+						CmpProxy::trigger(before, ticket);
 					}
 					_ => break,
 				}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/copy.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/copy.rs
index 152a5565..0ccf4ff9 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/copy.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/copy.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-use std::ffi::OsString;
-
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::CopyOpt;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, strand::ToStrand, url::UrlLike};
 use yazi_widgets::CLIPBOARD;
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ impl Actor for Copy {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		act!(mgr:escape_visual, cx)?;
 
-		let mut s = OsString::new();
+		let mut s = Vec::<u8>::new();
 		let mut it = if opt.hovered {
 			Box::new(cx.hovered().map(|h| &h.url).into_iter())
 		} else {
@@ -30,29 +28,29 @@ impl Actor for Copy {
 			match opt.r#type.as_ref() {
 				// TODO: rename to "url"
 				"path" => {
-					s.push(opt.separator.transform(&u.os_str()));
+					s.extend_from_slice(&opt.separator.transform(&u.to_strand()));
 				}
 				"dirname" => {
 					if let Some(p) = u.parent() {
-						s.push(opt.separator.transform(&p.os_str()));
+						s.extend_from_slice(&opt.separator.transform(&p.to_strand()));
 					}
 				}
 				"filename" => {
-					s.push(opt.separator.transform(u.name().unwrap_or_default()));
+					s.extend_from_slice(&opt.separator.transform(&u.name().unwrap_or_default()));
 				}
 				"name_without_ext" => {
-					s.push(opt.separator.transform(u.stem().unwrap_or_default()));
+					s.extend_from_slice(&opt.separator.transform(&u.stem().unwrap_or_default()));
 				}
 				_ => bail!("Unknown copy type: {}", opt.r#type),
 			};
 			if it.peek().is_some() {
-				s.push("\n");
+				s.push(b'\n');
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Copy the CWD path regardless even if the directory is empty
 		if s.is_empty() && opt.r#type == "dirname" {
-			s.push(opt.separator.transform(&cx.cwd().os_str()));
+			s.extend_from_slice(&opt.separator.transform(&cx.cwd().to_strand()));
 		}
 
 		futures::executor::block_on(CLIPBOARD.set(s));
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/create.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/create.rs
index 0b73d6c9..05e278a9 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/create.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/create.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp};
 use yazi_macro::{ok_or_not_found, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::CreateOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::{ConfirmProxy, InputProxy, MgrProxy};
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::{VfsFile, maybe_exists, provider};
 use yazi_watcher::WATCHER;
 
@@ -27,7 +27,10 @@ impl Actor for Create {
 				return;
 			}
 
-			let new = cwd.join(&name);
+			let Ok(new) = cwd.try_join(&name) else {
+				return;
+			};
+
 			if !opt.force
 				&& maybe_exists(&new).await
 				&& !ConfirmProxy::show(ConfirmCfg::overwrite(&new)).await
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ impl Create {
 			&& let Some((parent, urn)) = real.pair()
 		{
 			ok_or_not_found!(provider::remove_file(&new).await);
-			FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.owned()].into()).emit();
+			FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.into()].into()).emit();
 			provider::create(&new).await?;
 		} else if let Some(parent) = new.parent() {
 			provider::create_dir_all(parent).await.ok();
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ impl Create {
 			&& let Some((parent, urn)) = real.pair()
 		{
 			let file = File::new(&real).await?;
-			FilesOp::Upserting(parent.into(), [(urn.owned(), file)].into()).emit();
+			FilesOp::Upserting(parent.into(), [(urn.into(), file)].into()).emit();
 			MgrProxy::reveal(&real);
 		}
 
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/displace.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/displace.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef039798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/displace.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use yazi_macro::succ;
+use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::DisplaceDoOpt};
+use yazi_proxy::MgrProxy;
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
+use yazi_vfs::provider;
+
+use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
+
+pub struct Displace;
+
+impl Actor for Displace {
+	type Options = VoidOpt;
+
+	const NAME: &str = "displace";
+
+	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, _: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
+		if cx.cwd().is_absolute() {
+			succ!();
+		}
+
+		let tab = cx.tab().id;
+		let from = cx.cwd().to_owned();
+		tokio::spawn(async move {
+			MgrProxy::displace_do(tab, DisplaceDoOpt { to: provider::canonicalize(&from).await, from });
+		});
+
+		succ!();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/displace_do.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/displace_do.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa707ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/displace_do.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use yazi_fs::FilesOp;
+use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
+use yazi_parser::mgr::{CdSource, DisplaceDoOpt};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
+
+use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
+
+pub struct DisplaceDo;
+
+impl Actor for DisplaceDo {
+	type Options = DisplaceDoOpt;
+
+	const NAME: &str = "displace_do";
+
+	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
+		if cx.cwd() != opt.from {
+			succ!()
+		}
+
+		let to = match opt.to {
+			Ok(url) => url,
+			Err(e) => return act!(mgr:update_files, cx, FilesOp::IOErr(opt.from, e.into())),
+		};
+
+		if !to.is_absolute() {
+			bail!("Target URL must be absolute");
+		} else if let Some(hovered) = cx.hovered()
+			&& let Ok(url) = to.try_join(hovered.urn())
+		{
+			act!(mgr:reveal, cx, (url, CdSource::Displace))
+		} else {
+			act!(mgr:cd, cx, (to, CdSource::Displace))
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/download.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/download.rs
index a0c1090b..8fcb2640 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/download.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/download.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ use std::{mem, time::{Duration, Instant}};
 use anyhow::Result;
 use futures::{StreamExt, stream::FuturesUnordered};
 use hashbrown::HashSet;
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use yazi_fs::{File, FsScheme, provider::{Provider, local::Local}};
 use yazi_macro::succ;
 use yazi_parser::mgr::{DownloadOpt, OpenOpt};
 use yazi_proxy::MgrProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlCow};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::{UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
@@ -29,9 +28,8 @@ impl Actor for Download {
 
 			let mut wg1 = FuturesUnordered::new();
 			for url in opt.urls {
-				let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-				scheduler.file_download(url.to_owned(), Some(tx));
-				wg1.push(async move { (rx.await == Ok(false), url) });
+				let done = scheduler.file_download(url.to_owned());
+				wg1.push(async move { (done.future().await, url) });
 			}
 
 			let mut wg2 = vec![];
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ impl Download {
 		let roots: HashSet<_> = urls.iter().filter_map(|u| u.scheme().cache()).collect();
 		for mut root in roots {
 			root.push("%lock");
-			Local.create_dir_all(root).await.ok();
+			Local::regular(&root).create_dir_all().await.ok();
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/enter.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/enter.rs
index efece673..abae6034 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/enter.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/enter.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
 use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::CdSource};
-use yazi_shared::data::Data;
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ impl Actor for Enter {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, _: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		let Some(h) = cx.hovered().filter(|h| h.is_dir()) else { succ!() };
 
-		let url = if h.url.is_search() { h.url.to_regular() } else { h.url.clone() };
+		let url = if h.url.is_search() { h.url.to_regular()? } else { h.url.clone() };
 
 		act!(mgr:cd, cx, (url, CdSource::Enter))
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/escape.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/escape.rs
index aee89094..ed4bbde0 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/escape.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/escape.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, render_and, succ};
 use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::EscapeOpt};
 use yazi_proxy::AppProxy;
-use yazi_shared::data::Data;
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/filter_do.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/filter_do.rs
index 6998907b..37062d6c 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/filter_do.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/filter_do.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use yazi_fs::Filter;
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::FilterOpt;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathLike};
+use yazi_shared::data::Data;
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ impl Actor for FilterDo {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		let filter = if opt.query.is_empty() { None } else { Some(Filter::new(&opt.query, opt.case)?) };
 
-		let hovered = cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn().owned());
+		let hovered = cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn().into());
 		cx.current_mut().files.set_filter(filter);
 
 		if cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn()) != hovered.as_ref().map(Into::into) {
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/follow.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/follow.rs
index 00e5f4fc..b0a699dc 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/follow.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/follow.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use yazi_fs::path::clean_url;
 use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
-use yazi_parser::VoidOpt;
+use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::CdSource};
 use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
@@ -16,11 +16,8 @@ impl Actor for Follow {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, _: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		let Some(file) = cx.hovered() else { succ!() };
 		let Some(link_to) = &file.link_to else { succ!() };
-
-		if let Some(p) = file.url.parent() {
-			act!(mgr:reveal, cx, clean_url(p.join(link_to)))
-		} else {
-			succ!()
-		}
+		let Some(parent) = file.url.parent() else { succ!() };
+		let Ok(joined) = parent.try_join(link_to) else { succ!() };
+		act!(mgr:reveal, cx, (clean_url(joined), CdSource::Follow))
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/forward.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/forward.rs
index a6642df5..b0a10732 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/forward.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/forward.rs
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ impl Actor for Forward {
 	const NAME: &str = "forward";
 
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, _: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
-		match cx.tab_mut().backstack.shift_forward().cloned() {
-			Some(u) => act!(mgr:cd, cx, (u, CdSource::Forward)),
-			None => succ!(),
+		if let Some(u) = cx.tab_mut().backstack.shift_forward().cloned() {
+			act!(mgr:cd, cx, (u, CdSource::Forward))?;
 		}
+		succ!()
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hidden.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hidden.rs
index 2aba7f2b..1e42ee7d 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hidden.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hidden.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use yazi_core::tab::Folder;
 use yazi_fs::FolderStage;
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, render_and, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::HiddenOpt;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathLike};
+use yazi_shared::data::Data;
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Actor for Hidden {
 		let state = opt.state.bool(cx.tab().pref.show_hidden);
 		cx.tab_mut().pref.show_hidden = state;
 
-		let hovered = cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn().owned());
+		let hovered = cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn().to_owned());
 		let apply = |f: &mut Folder| {
 			if f.stage == FolderStage::Loading {
 				render!();
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hover.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hover.rs
index 75e8afdb..bb16eab4 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hover.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/hover.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Actor for Hover {
 
 		// Parent should always track CWD
 		if let Some(p) = &mut tab.parent {
-			render!(p.repos(tab.current.url.strip_prefix(&p.url)));
+			render!(p.repos(tab.current.url.try_strip_prefix(&p.url).ok()));
 		}
 
 		// Repos CWD
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl Actor for Hover {
 		{
 			// `hover(Some)` occurs after user actions, such as create, rename, reveal, etc.
 			// At this point, it's intuitive to track the location of the file regardless.
-			tab.current.trace = Some(u.to_owned());
+			tab.current.trace = Some(u.clone());
 		}
 
 		// Publish through DDS
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/leave.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/leave.rs
index 8de02c97..c83d2f23 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/leave.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/leave.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ impl Actor for Leave {
 
 		let Some(mut url) = url else { succ!() };
 		if url.is_search() {
-			url = url.into_regular();
+			url = url.as_regular()?;
 		}
 
 		act!(mgr:cd, cx, (url, CdSource::Leave))
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/mod.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/mod.rs
index 6fb6b65f..5d7e64be 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ yazi_macro::mod_flat!(
 	close
 	copy
 	create
+	displace
+	displace_do
 	download
 	enter
 	escape
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ yazi_macro::mod_flat!(
 	shell
 	sort
 	spot
+	stash
 	suspend
 	tab_close
 	tab_create
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/quit.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/quit.rs
index 9eb28e5a..3014c7ef 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/quit.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/quit.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsString, time::Duration};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::{select, time};
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use yazi_dds::spark::SparkKind;
 use yazi_macro::{emit, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::QuitOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::ConfirmProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, event::EventQuit, url::{AsUrl, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, event::EventQuit, strand::{Strand, StrandLike, ToStrandJoin}, url::AsUrl};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -66,17 +66,12 @@ impl Actor for Quit {
 }
 
 impl Quit {
-	pub(super) fn with_selected<'a, I, T>(selected: I)
+	pub(super) fn with_selected<I>(selected: I)
 	where
-		I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
-		T: Into<UrlCow<'a>>,
+		I: IntoIterator,
+		I::Item: AsUrl,
 	{
-		let paths = selected.into_iter().fold(OsString::new(), |mut s, u| {
-			s.push(u.into().as_url().os_str());
-			s.push("\n");
-			s
-		});
-
+		let paths = selected.into_iter().join(Strand::Utf8("\n"));
 		if !paths.is_empty() {
 			emit!(Quit(EventQuit { selected: Some(paths), ..Default::default() }));
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs
index b2b13cab..5de557b9 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use yazi_fs::{CWD, Files, FilesOp, cha::Cha};
 use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
 use yazi_parser::VoidOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::MgrProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, scheme::SchemeLike, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_term::tty::TTY;
 use yazi_vfs::{VfsFiles, VfsFilesOp};
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Actor for Refresh {
 
 impl Refresh {
 	fn cwd_changed() {
-		if CWD.load().scheme.is_virtual() {
+		if CWD.load().kind().is_virtual() {
 			MgrProxy::watch();
 		}
 	}
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ impl Refresh {
 
 		let futs: Vec<_> = folders
 			.iter()
-			.filter(|&f| f.url.is_internal())
-			.map(|&f| go(f.url.to_owned(), f.cha))
+			.filter(|&f| f.url.is_absolute() && f.url.is_internal())
+			.map(|&f| go(f.url.clone(), f.cha))
 			.collect();
 		if !futs.is_empty() {
 			tokio::spawn(futures::future::join_all(futs));
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/rename.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/rename.rs
index 068f7e47..0c857d73 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/rename.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/rename.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp};
 use yazi_macro::{act, err, ok_or_not_found, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::RenameOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::{ConfirmProxy, InputProxy, MgrProxy};
-use yazi_shared::{Id, data::Data, path::PathLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, data::Data, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::{VfsFile, maybe_exists, provider};
 use yazi_watcher::WATCHER;
 
@@ -49,7 +49,10 @@ impl Actor for Rename {
 				return;
 			}
 
-			let new = old.parent().unwrap().join(name);
+			let Some(Ok(new)) = old.parent().map(|u| u.try_join(name)) else {
+				return;
+			};
+
 			if opt.force || !maybe_exists(&new).await || provider::must_identical(&old, &new).await {
 				Self::r#do(tab, old, new).await.ok();
 			} else if ConfirmProxy::show(ConfirmCfg::overwrite(&new)).await {
@@ -70,10 +73,11 @@ impl Rename {
 		provider::rename(&old, &new).await?;
 
 		if let Ok(u) = overwritten
+			&& u != new
 			&& let Some((parent, urn)) = u.pair()
 		{
 			ok_or_not_found!(provider::rename(&u, &new).await);
-			FilesOp::Deleting(parent.to_owned(), [urn.owned()].into()).emit();
+			FilesOp::Deleting(parent.to_owned(), [urn.into()].into()).emit();
 		}
 
 		let new = provider::casefold(&new).await?;
@@ -81,10 +85,10 @@ impl Rename {
 
 		let file = File::new(&new).await?;
 		if new_p == old_p {
-			FilesOp::Upserting(old_p.into(), [(old_n.owned(), file)].into()).emit();
+			FilesOp::Upserting(old_p.into(), [(old_n.into(), file)].into()).emit();
 		} else {
-			FilesOp::Deleting(old_p.into(), [old_n.owned()].into()).emit();
-			FilesOp::Upserting(new_p.into(), [(new_n.owned(), file)].into()).emit();
+			FilesOp::Deleting(old_p.into(), [old_n.into()].into()).emit();
+			FilesOp::Upserting(new_p.into(), [(new_n.into(), file)].into()).emit();
 		}
 
 		MgrProxy::reveal(&new);
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/reveal.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/reveal.rs
index d174d10f..7da8ea1b 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/reveal.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/reveal.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp};
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::RevealOpt;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathLike, url::UrlLike};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl Actor for Reveal {
 		// Cd to the parent directory
 		act!(mgr:cd, cx, (parent, opt.source))?;
 
-		// Try to hover on the child file
+		// Try to hover over the child file
 		let tab = cx.tab_mut();
 		render!(tab.current.hover(child));
 
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ impl Actor for Reveal {
 			tab.current.update_pub(tab.id, op);
 		}
 
-		// Now, we can safely hover on the target
-		act!(mgr:hover, cx, Some(child.owned()))?;
+		// Now, we can safely hover over the target
+		act!(mgr:hover, cx, Some(child.into()))?;
 
 		act!(mgr:peek, cx)?;
 		act!(mgr:watch, cx)?;
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/search.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/search.rs
index 224531d6..af526351 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/search.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/search.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, mem, time::Duration};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, time::Duration};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::pin;
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ use tokio_stream::{StreamExt, wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream};
 use yazi_config::popup::InputCfg;
 use yazi_fs::{FilesOp, cha::Cha};
 use yazi_macro::{act, succ};
-use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::{SearchOpt, SearchOptVia}};
+use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::{CdSource, SearchOpt, SearchOptVia}};
 use yazi_plugin::external;
-use yazi_proxy::{InputProxy, MgrProxy};
-use yazi_shared::data::Data;
+use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, InputProxy, MgrProxy};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -52,8 +52,10 @@ impl Actor for SearchDo {
 			handle.abort();
 		}
 
-		let cwd = tab.cwd().to_search(opt.subject.as_ref());
 		let hidden = tab.pref.show_hidden;
+		let Ok(cwd) = tab.cwd().to_search(&opt.subject) else {
+			succ!(AppProxy::notify_warn("Search", "Only local filesystem searches are supported"));
+		};
 
 		tab.search = Some(tokio::spawn(async move {
 			let rx = match opt.via {
@@ -107,15 +109,10 @@ impl Actor for SearchStop {
 			handle.abort();
 		}
 
-		if !tab.cwd().is_search() {
-			succ!();
+		if tab.cwd().is_search() {
+			act!(mgr:cd, cx, (tab.cwd().to_regular()?, CdSource::Escape))?;
 		}
 
-		let rep = tab.history.remove_or(tab.cwd().to_regular());
-		drop(mem::replace(&mut tab.current, rep));
-
-		act!(mgr:hidden, cx)?;
-		act!(mgr:sort, cx)?;
-		act!(mgr:refresh, cx)
+		succ!();
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/shell.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/shell.rs
index 722788d1..2d1a0437 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/shell.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/shell.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Actor for Shell {
 
 			TasksProxy::open_shell_compat(ProcessOpenOpt {
 				cwd:    cwd.into(),
-				cmd:    Splatter::new(&selected).splat(opt.run.as_ref()),
+				cmd:    Splatter::new(&selected).splat(&*opt.run),
 				args:   selected,
 				block:  opt.block,
 				orphan: opt.orphan,
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/sort.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/sort.rs
index d29a2efd..7ad3b322 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/sort.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/sort.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use yazi_core::tab::Folder;
+use yazi_dds::spark::SparkKind;
 use yazi_fs::{FilesSorter, FolderStage};
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, render_and, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::SortOpt;
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathLike};
+use yazi_shared::{Source, data::Data};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ impl Actor for Sort {
 		pref.sort_translit = opt.translit.unwrap_or(pref.sort_translit);
 
 		let sorter = FilesSorter::from(&*pref);
-		let hovered = cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn().owned());
+		let hovered = cx.hovered().map(|f| f.urn().to_owned());
 		let apply = |f: &mut Folder| {
 			if f.stage == FolderStage::Loading {
 				render!();
@@ -56,4 +57,12 @@ impl Actor for Sort {
 
 		succ!();
 	}
+
+	fn hook(cx: &Ctx, _: &Self::Options) -> Option<SparkKind> {
+		match cx.source() {
+			Source::Ind => Some(SparkKind::IndSort),
+			Source::Key => Some(SparkKind::KeySort),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/stash.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/stash.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2dede4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/stash.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use yazi_dds::spark::SparkKind;
+use yazi_macro::succ;
+use yazi_parser::mgr::StashOpt;
+use yazi_shared::{Source, data::Data, url::{AsUrl, UrlLike}};
+
+use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
+
+pub struct Stash;
+
+impl Actor for Stash {
+	type Options = StashOpt;
+
+	const NAME: &str = "stash";
+
+	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
+		if opt.target.is_absolute() && opt.target.is_internal() {
+			cx.tab_mut().backstack.push(opt.target.as_url());
+		}
+
+		succ!()
+	}
+
+	fn hook(cx: &Ctx, _opt: &Self::Options) -> Option<SparkKind> {
+		match cx.source() {
+			Source::Ind => Some(SparkKind::IndStash),
+			Source::Relay => Some(SparkKind::RelayStash),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/tab_create.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/tab_create.rs
index 9ddbcea9..835baf46 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/tab_create.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/tab_create.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use yazi_core::tab::Tab;
 use yazi_macro::{act, render, succ};
 use yazi_parser::mgr::{CdSource, TabCreateOpt};
 use yazi_proxy::AppProxy;
-use yazi_shared::data::Data;
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{Actor, Ctx};
 
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ impl Actor for TabCreate {
 		}
 
 		let mut tab = Tab::default();
-		let (cd, url) = if let Some(wd) = opt.wd {
+		let (cd, url) = if let Some(wd) = opt.url {
 			(true, wd.into_owned())
 		} else if let Some(h) = cx.hovered() {
 			tab.pref = cx.tab().pref.clone();
-			(false, h.url.to_regular())
+			(false, h.url.clone())
+		} else if cx.cwd().is_search() {
+			tab.pref = cx.tab().pref.clone();
+			(true, cx.cwd().to_regular()?)
 		} else {
 			tab.pref = cx.tab().pref.clone();
-			(true, cx.cwd().to_regular())
+			(true, cx.cwd().clone())
 		};
 
 		let tabs = &mut cx.mgr.tabs;
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/update_files.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/update_files.rs
index b785e38a..08e8d225 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/update_files.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/update_files.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ impl Actor for UpdateFiles {
 	fn act(cx: &mut Ctx, opt: Self::Options) -> Result<Data> {
 		let revision = cx.current().files.revision;
 		let linked: Vec<_> = LINKED.read().from_dir(opt.op.cwd()).map(|u| opt.op.chdir(u)).collect();
+
 		for op in [opt.op].into_iter().chain(linked) {
 			cx.mgr.yanked.apply_op(&op);
 			Self::update_tab(cx, op).ok();
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ impl Actor for UpdateFiles {
 
 		render!(cx.mgr.yanked.catchup_revision(false));
 		act!(mgr:hidden, cx)?;
-		act!(mgr:sort, cx)?;
+		act!(mgr:sort, cx).ok();
 
 		if revision != cx.current().files.revision {
 			act!(mgr:hover, cx)?;
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/tasks/inspect.rs b/yazi-actor/src/tasks/inspect.rs
index f3bd889d..dc78acd5 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/tasks/inspect.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/tasks/inspect.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use crossterm::{execute, terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode}};
 use scopeguard::defer;
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncReadExt, stdin}, select, sync::mpsc, time};
+use yazi_binding::Permit;
 use yazi_macro::succ;
 use yazi_parser::VoidOpt;
 use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, HIDER};
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ impl Actor for Inspect {
 		};
 
 		tokio::spawn(async move {
-			let _permit = HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap();
+			let _permit = Permit::new(HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap(), AppProxy::resume());
 			let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 
 			let buffered = {
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ impl Actor for Inspect {
 				task.logs.clone()
 			};
 
-			defer!(AppProxy::resume());
 			AppProxy::stop().await;
-
 			terminal_clear(TTY.writer()).ok();
 			TTY.writer().write_all(buffered.as_bytes()).ok();
 			TTY.writer().flush().ok();
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/Cargo.toml b/yazi-adapter/Cargo.toml
index 32010648..3125a017 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-adapter/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-adapter"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,21 +8,25 @@ description = "Yazi image adapter"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-term   = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-term   = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 ansi-to-tui = { workspace = true }
 anyhow      = { workspace = true }
 base64      = { workspace = true }
 crossterm   = { workspace = true }
-image       = { version = "0.25.8", default-features = false, features = [ "avif", "bmp", "dds", "exr", "ff", "gif", "hdr", "ico", "jpeg", "png", "pnm", "qoi", "tga", "webp" ] }
+image       = { version = "0.25.9", default-features = false, features = [ "avif", "bmp", "dds", "exr", "ff", "gif", "hdr", "ico", "jpeg", "png", "pnm", "qoi", "tga", "webp" ] }
+moxcms      = "0.7.11"
 palette     = { version = "0.7.6", default-features = false }
-quantette   = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false }
+quantette   = { version = "0.5.1", default-features = false }
 ratatui     = { workspace = true }
 scopeguard  = { workspace = true }
 tokio       = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/README.md b/yazi-adapter/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de79a81f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-adapter/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-adapter
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/adapter.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/adapter.rs
index 8a8f091b..e10b7db7 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/adapter.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/adapter.rs
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl Adapter {
 }
 
 impl Adapter {
-	pub fn matches(emulator: Emulator) -> Self {
+	pub fn matches(emulator: &Emulator) -> Self {
 		let mut protocols = emulator.adapters().to_owned();
 		if env_exists("ZELLIJ_SESSION_NAME") {
 			protocols.retain(|p| *p == Self::Sixel);
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/brand.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/brand.rs
index 91c740f6..c180591c 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/brand.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/brand.rs
@@ -44,42 +44,40 @@ impl Brand {
 	}
 
 	pub fn from_env() -> Option<Self> {
-		use Brand as B;
-
-		let (term, program) = B::env();
+		let (term, program) = Self::env();
 		let vars = [
-			("KITTY_WINDOW_ID", B::Kitty),
-			("KONSOLE_VERSION", B::Konsole),
-			("ITERM_SESSION_ID", B::Iterm2),
-			("WEZTERM_EXECUTABLE", B::WezTerm),
-			("GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR", B::Ghostty),
-			("WT_Session", B::Microsoft),
-			("WARP_HONOR_PS1", B::Warp),
-			("VSCODE_INJECTION", B::VSCode),
-			("TABBY_CONFIG_DIRECTORY", B::Tabby),
+			("KITTY_WINDOW_ID", Self::Kitty),
+			("KONSOLE_VERSION", Self::Konsole),
+			("ITERM_SESSION_ID", Self::Iterm2),
+			("WEZTERM_EXECUTABLE", Self::WezTerm),
+			("GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR", Self::Ghostty),
+			("WT_Session", Self::Microsoft),
+			("WARP_HONOR_PS1", Self::Warp),
+			("VSCODE_INJECTION", Self::VSCode),
+			("TABBY_CONFIG_DIRECTORY", Self::Tabby),
 		];
 
 		match term.as_str() {
-			"xterm-kitty" => return Some(B::Kitty),
-			"foot" => return Some(B::Foot),
-			"foot-extra" => return Some(B::Foot),
-			"xterm-ghostty" => return Some(B::Ghostty),
-			"rio" => return Some(B::Rio),
-			"rxvt-unicode-256color" => return Some(B::Urxvt),
+			"xterm-kitty" => return Some(Self::Kitty),
+			"foot" => return Some(Self::Foot),
+			"foot-extra" => return Some(Self::Foot),
+			"xterm-ghostty" => return Some(Self::Ghostty),
+			"rio" => return Some(Self::Rio),
+			"rxvt-unicode-256color" => return Some(Self::Urxvt),
 			_ => {}
 		}
 		match program.as_str() {
-			"iTerm.app" => return Some(B::Iterm2),
-			"WezTerm" => return Some(B::WezTerm),
-			"ghostty" => return Some(B::Ghostty),
-			"WarpTerminal" => return Some(B::Warp),
-			"rio" => return Some(B::Rio),
-			"BlackBox" => return Some(B::BlackBox),
-			"vscode" => return Some(B::VSCode),
-			"Tabby" => return Some(B::Tabby),
-			"Hyper" => return Some(B::Hyper),
-			"mintty" => return Some(B::Mintty),
-			"Apple_Terminal" => return Some(B::Apple),
+			"iTerm.app" => return Some(Self::Iterm2),
+			"WezTerm" => return Some(Self::WezTerm),
+			"ghostty" => return Some(Self::Ghostty),
+			"WarpTerminal" => return Some(Self::Warp),
+			"rio" => return Some(Self::Rio),
+			"BlackBox" => return Some(Self::BlackBox),
+			"vscode" => return Some(Self::VSCode),
+			"Tabby" => return Some(Self::Tabby),
+			"Hyper" => return Some(Self::Hyper),
+			"mintty" => return Some(Self::Mintty),
+			"Apple_Terminal" => return Some(Self::Apple),
 			_ => {}
 		}
 		if let Some((var, brand)) = vars.into_iter().find(|&(s, _)| env_exists(s)) {
@@ -91,30 +89,28 @@ impl Brand {
 	}
 
 	pub(super) fn adapters(self) -> &'static [crate::Adapter] {
-		use Brand as B;
-
 		use crate::Adapter as A;
 
 		match self {
-			B::Kitty => &[A::Kgp],
-			B::Konsole => &[A::KgpOld],
-			B::Iterm2 => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
-			B::WezTerm => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
-			B::Foot => &[A::Sixel],
-			B::Ghostty => &[A::Kgp],
-			B::Microsoft => &[A::Sixel],
-			B::Warp => &[A::Iip, A::KgpOld],
-			B::Rio => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
-			B::BlackBox => &[A::Sixel],
-			B::VSCode => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
-			B::Tabby => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
-			B::Hyper => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
-			B::Mintty => &[A::Iip],
-			B::Tmux => &[],
-			B::VTerm => &[],
-			B::Apple => &[],
-			B::Urxvt => &[],
-			B::Bobcat => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::Kitty => &[A::Kgp],
+			Self::Konsole => &[A::KgpOld],
+			Self::Iterm2 => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::WezTerm => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::Foot => &[A::Sixel],
+			Self::Ghostty => &[A::Kgp],
+			Self::Microsoft => &[A::Sixel],
+			Self::Warp => &[A::Iip, A::KgpOld],
+			Self::Rio => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::BlackBox => &[A::Sixel],
+			Self::VSCode => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::Tabby => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::Hyper => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
+			Self::Mintty => &[A::Iip],
+			Self::Tmux => &[],
+			Self::VTerm => &[],
+			Self::Apple => &[],
+			Self::Urxvt => &[],
+			Self::Bobcat => &[A::Iip, A::Sixel],
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/dimension.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/dimension.rs
index 9a81e320..dcbcb6fd 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/dimension.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/dimension.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl Dimension {
 	}
 
 	pub fn cell_size() -> Option<(f64, f64)> {
-		let emu = EMULATOR.get();
+		let emu = &*EMULATOR;
 		Some(if emu.force_16t {
 			(emu.csi_16t.0 as f64, emu.csi_16t.1 as f64)
 		} else if let Some(r) = Self::available().ratio() {
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/drivers/sixel.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/drivers/sixel.rs
index d8e4ce8e..bcb4bfd8 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/drivers/sixel.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/drivers/sixel.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,18 @@ use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use crossterm::{cursor::MoveTo, queue};
 use image::{DynamicImage, GenericImageView, RgbImage};
 use palette::{Srgb, cast::ComponentsAs};
-use quantette::{ColorSlice, PaletteSize, QuantizeOutput, wu::UIntBinner};
+use quantette::{PaletteSize, color_map::IndexedColorMap, wu::{BinnerU8x3, WuU8x3}};
 use ratatui::layout::Rect;
 
 use crate::{CLOSE, ESCAPE, Emulator, Image, START, adapter::Adapter};
 
 pub(crate) struct Sixel;
 
+struct QuantizeOutput<T> {
+	indices: Vec<u8>,
+	palette: Vec<T>,
+}
+
 impl Sixel {
 	pub(crate) async fn image_show(path: PathBuf, max: Rect) -> Result<Rect> {
 		let img = Image::downscale(path, max).await?;
@@ -50,7 +55,7 @@ impl Sixel {
 
 		tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
 			let mut buf = vec![];
-			write!(buf, "{START}P0;1;8q\"1;1;{};{}", img.width(), img.height())?;
+			write!(buf, "{START}P9;1q\"1;1;{};{}", img.width(), img.height())?;
 
 			// Palette
 			for (i, c) in qo.palette.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -110,12 +115,14 @@ impl Sixel {
 
 	fn quantify(rgb: &RgbImage, alpha: bool) -> Result<QuantizeOutput<Srgb<u8>>> {
 		let buf = &rgb.as_raw()[..(rgb.pixels().len() * 3)];
-		let slice: ColorSlice<Srgb<u8>> = buf.components_as().try_into()?;
+		let colors: &[Srgb<u8>] = buf.components_as();
 
-		Ok(quantette::wu::indexed_palette(
-			&slice,
-			PaletteSize::try_from(256u16 - alpha as u16)?,
-			&UIntBinner::<32>,
-		))
+		let wu = WuU8x3::run_slice(colors, BinnerU8x3::rgb())?;
+		let color_map = wu.color_map(PaletteSize::try_from(256u16 - alpha as u16)?);
+
+		Ok(QuantizeOutput {
+			indices: color_map.map_to_indices(colors),
+			palette: color_map.into_palette().into_vec(),
+		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/emulator.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/emulator.rs
index ef77d842..4d192917 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/emulator.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/emulator.rs
@@ -10,16 +10,25 @@ use yazi_term::tty::{Handle, TTY};
 
 use crate::{Adapter, Brand, Dimension, Mux, TMUX, Unknown};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Emulator {
 	pub kind:      Either<Brand, Unknown>,
+	pub version:   String,
 	pub light:     bool,
 	pub csi_16t:   (u16, u16),
 	pub force_16t: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for Emulator {
-	fn default() -> Self { Self::unknown() }
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		Self {
+			kind:      Either::Right(Unknown::default()),
+			version:   String::new(),
+			light:     false,
+			csi_16t:   (0, 0),
+			force_16t: false,
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 impl Emulator {
@@ -60,22 +69,14 @@ impl Emulator {
 		let csi_16t = Self::csi_16t(&resp).unwrap_or_default();
 		Ok(Self {
 			kind,
+			version: Self::csi_gt_q(&resp).unwrap_or_default(),
 			light: Self::light_bg(&resp).unwrap_or_default(),
 			csi_16t,
 			force_16t: Self::force_16t(csi_16t),
 		})
 	}
 
-	pub const fn unknown() -> Self {
-		Self {
-			kind:      Either::Right(Unknown::default()),
-			light:     false,
-			csi_16t:   (0, 0),
-			force_16t: false,
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn adapters(self) -> &'static [Adapter] {
+	pub fn adapters(&self) -> &'static [Adapter] {
 		match self.kind {
 			Either::Left(brand) => brand.adapters(),
 			Either::Right(unknown) => unknown.adapters(),
@@ -182,6 +183,11 @@ impl Emulator {
 		Some((w.parse().ok()?, h.parse().ok()?))
 	}
 
+	fn csi_gt_q(resp: &str) -> Option<String> {
+		let (_, s) = resp.split_once("\x1bP>|")?;
+		Some(s[..s.find("\x1b\\")?].to_owned())
+	}
+
 	fn light_bg(resp: &str) -> Result<bool> {
 		match resp.split_once("]11;rgb:") {
 			Some((_, s)) if s.len() >= 14 => {
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/icc.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/icc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b3f0541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/icc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+use anyhow::Context;
+use image::{ColorType, DynamicImage, GrayAlphaImage, GrayImage, ImageDecoder, RgbImage, RgbaImage, metadata::Cicp};
+use moxcms::{CicpColorPrimaries, ColorProfile, DataColorSpace, Layout, TransferCharacteristics, TransformOptions};
+
+pub(super) struct Icc;
+impl Icc {
+	pub(super) fn transform(mut decoder: impl ImageDecoder) -> anyhow::Result<DynamicImage> {
+		if let Some(layout) = Self::color_type_to_layout(decoder.color_type())
+			&& let Some(icc) = decoder.icc_profile().unwrap_or_default()
+			&& let Ok(profile) = ColorProfile::new_from_slice(&icc)
+			&& Self::requires_transform(&profile)
+		{
+			let mut buf = vec![0u8; decoder.total_bytes() as usize];
+			let (w, h) = decoder.dimensions();
+			decoder.read_image(&mut buf)?;
+
+			let transformer = profile
+				// TODO: Use `create_transform_in_place_nbit` in the next minor version of moxcms.
+				.create_transform_8bit(layout, &ColorProfile::new_srgb(), layout, TransformOptions::default())
+				.context("cannot make a profile transformer")?;
+
+			let mut converted = vec![0u8; buf.len()];
+			transformer.transform(&buf, &mut converted).context("cannot transform image")?;
+
+			let mut image: DynamicImage = match layout {
+				Layout::Gray => {
+					GrayImage::from_raw(w, h, converted).context("cannot load transformed image")?.into()
+				}
+				Layout::GrayAlpha => {
+					GrayAlphaImage::from_raw(w, h, converted).context("cannot load transformed image")?.into()
+				}
+				Layout::Rgb => {
+					RgbImage::from_raw(w, h, converted).context("cannot load transformed image")?.into()
+				}
+				Layout::Rgba => {
+					RgbaImage::from_raw(w, h, converted).context("cannot load transformed image")?.into()
+				}
+				_ => unreachable!(),
+			};
+
+			image.set_rgb_primaries(Cicp::SRGB.primaries);
+			image.set_transfer_function(Cicp::SRGB.transfer);
+			Ok(image)
+		} else {
+			Ok(DynamicImage::from_decoder(decoder)?)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn color_type_to_layout(color_type: ColorType) -> Option<Layout> {
+		match color_type {
+			ColorType::L8 => Some(Layout::Gray),
+			ColorType::La8 => Some(Layout::GrayAlpha),
+			ColorType::Rgb8 => Some(Layout::Rgb),
+			ColorType::Rgba8 => Some(Layout::Rgba),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn requires_transform(profile: &ColorProfile) -> bool {
+		if profile.color_space == DataColorSpace::Cmyk {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		profile.cicp.is_none_or(|c| {
+			c.color_primaries != CicpColorPrimaries::Bt709
+				|| c.transfer_characteristics != TransferCharacteristics::Srgb
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/image.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/image.rs
index 7a058f6f..35b8a52a 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/image.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/image.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use image::{DynamicImage, ExtendedColorType, ImageDecoder, ImageEncoder, ImageError, ImageReader, ImageResult, Limits, codecs::{jpeg::JpegEncoder, png::PngEncoder}, imageops::FilterType, metadata::Orientation};
+use image::{DynamicImage, ImageDecoder, ImageError, ImageReader, Limits, codecs::{jpeg::JpegEncoder, png::PngEncoder}, imageops::FilterType, metadata::Orientation};
 use ratatui::layout::Rect;
 use yazi_config::YAZI;
 use yazi_fs::provider::{Provider, local::Local};
 
-use crate::Dimension;
+use crate::{Dimension, Icc};
 
 pub struct Image;
 
 impl Image {
 	pub async fn precache(src: PathBuf, cache: &Path) -> Result<()> {
-		let (mut img, orientation, icc) = Self::decode_from(src).await?;
+		let (mut img, orientation) = Self::decode_from(src).await?;
 		let (w, h) = Self::flip_size(orientation, (YAZI.preview.max_width, YAZI.preview.max_height));
 
 		let buf = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
@@ -25,25 +25,22 @@ impl Image {
 
 			let mut buf = Vec::new();
 			if img.color().has_alpha() {
-				let rgba = img.into_rgba8();
-				let mut encoder = PngEncoder::new(&mut buf);
-				icc.map(|b| encoder.set_icc_profile(b));
-				encoder.write_image(&rgba, rgba.width(), rgba.height(), ExtendedColorType::Rgba8)?;
+				let encoder = PngEncoder::new(&mut buf);
+				img.write_with_encoder(encoder)?;
 			} else {
-				let mut encoder = JpegEncoder::new_with_quality(&mut buf, YAZI.preview.image_quality);
-				icc.map(|b| encoder.set_icc_profile(b));
-				encoder.encode_image(&img.into_rgb8())?;
+				let encoder = JpegEncoder::new_with_quality(&mut buf, YAZI.preview.image_quality);
+				img.write_with_encoder(encoder)?;
 			}
 
 			Ok::<_, ImageError>(buf)
 		})
 		.await??;
 
-		Ok(Local.write(cache, buf).await?)
+		Ok(Local::regular(&cache).write(buf).await?)
 	}
 
 	pub(super) async fn downscale(path: PathBuf, rect: Rect) -> Result<DynamicImage> {
-		let (mut img, orientation, _) = Self::decode_from(path).await?;
+		let (mut img, orientation) = Self::decode_from(path).await?;
 		let (w, h) = Self::flip_size(orientation, Self::max_pixel(rect));
 
 		// Fast path.
@@ -96,7 +93,7 @@ impl Image {
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn decode_from(path: PathBuf) -> ImageResult<(DynamicImage, Orientation, Option<Vec<u8>>)> {
+	async fn decode_from(path: PathBuf) -> Result<(DynamicImage, Orientation)> {
 		let mut limits = Limits::no_limits();
 		if YAZI.tasks.image_alloc > 0 {
 			limits.max_alloc = Some(YAZI.tasks.image_alloc as u64);
@@ -114,9 +111,7 @@ impl Image {
 
 			let mut decoder = reader.with_guessed_format()?.into_decoder()?;
 			let orientation = decoder.orientation().unwrap_or(Orientation::NoTransforms);
-			let icc = decoder.icc_profile().unwrap_or_default();
-
-			Ok((DynamicImage::from_decoder(decoder)?, orientation, icc))
+			Ok((Icc::transform(decoder)?, orientation))
 		})
 		.await
 		.map_err(|e| ImageError::IoError(e.into()))?
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/lib.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/lib.rs
index 3decaa14..4333d583 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-#![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn, clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(drivers);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(adapter brand dimension emulator image info mux unknown);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(adapter brand dimension emulator icc image info mux unknown);
 
-use yazi_shared::{SyncCell, in_wsl};
+use yazi_shared::{RoCell, SyncCell, in_wsl};
 
-pub static EMULATOR: SyncCell<Emulator> = SyncCell::new(Emulator::unknown());
+pub static EMULATOR: RoCell<Emulator> = RoCell::new();
 pub static ADAPTOR: SyncCell<Adapter> = SyncCell::new(Adapter::Chafa);
 
 // Image state
@@ -26,8 +24,8 @@ pub fn init() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 	WSL.set(in_wsl());
 
 	// Emulator detection
-	EMULATOR.set(Emulator::detect().unwrap_or_default());
-	TMUX.set(EMULATOR.get().kind.is_left_and(|&b| b == Brand::Tmux));
+	let mut emulator = Emulator::detect().unwrap_or_default();
+	TMUX.set(emulator.kind.is_left_and(|&b| b == Brand::Tmux));
 
 	// Tmux support
 	if TMUX.get() {
@@ -35,12 +33,13 @@ pub fn init() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 		START.set("\x1bPtmux;\x1b\x1b");
 		CLOSE.set("\x1b\\");
 		Mux::tmux_passthrough();
-		EMULATOR.set(Emulator::detect().unwrap_or_default());
+		emulator = Emulator::detect().unwrap_or_default();
 	}
 
-	yazi_config::init_flavor(EMULATOR.get().light)?;
+	EMULATOR.init(emulator);
+	yazi_config::init_flavor(EMULATOR.light)?;
 
-	ADAPTOR.set(Adapter::matches(EMULATOR.get()));
+	ADAPTOR.set(Adapter::matches(&EMULATOR));
 	ADAPTOR.get().start();
 	Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/yazi-adapter/src/unknown.rs b/yazi-adapter/src/unknown.rs
index fc1f447a..74f5f8fd 100644
--- a/yazi-adapter/src/unknown.rs
+++ b/yazi-adapter/src/unknown.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 use crate::Adapter;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Unknown {
 	pub kgp:   bool,
 	pub sixel: bool,
 }
 
 impl Unknown {
-	pub(super) const fn default() -> Self { Self { kgp: false, sixel: false } }
-
 	pub(super) fn adapters(self) -> &'static [Adapter] {
 		use Adapter as A;
 
diff --git a/yazi-binding/Cargo.toml b/yazi-binding/Cargo.toml
index 0ed3286d..7f93fff8 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-binding/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-binding"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,19 +8,23 @@ description = "Yazi Lua bindings"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [features]
 default      = [ "vendored-lua" ]
 vendored-lua = [ "mlua/vendored" ]
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 ansi-to-tui   = { workspace = true }
+futures       = { workspace = true }
 hashbrown     = { workspace = true }
 mlua          = { workspace = true }
 paste         = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-binding/README.md b/yazi-binding/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc60416b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-binding/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-binding
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/elements/border.rs b/yazi-binding/src/elements/border.rs
index ab9866f7..2460c33c 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/elements/border.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/elements/border.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub struct Border {
 	pub r#type: ratatui::widgets::BorderType,
 	pub style:  ratatui::style::Style,
 
-	pub titles: Vec<(ratatui::widgets::block::Position, ratatui::text::Line<'static>)>,
+	pub titles: Vec<(ratatui::widgets::TitlePosition, ratatui::text::Line<'static>)>,
 }
 
 impl Border {
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ impl Border {
 
 		for title in self.titles {
 			block = match title {
-				(ratatui::widgets::block::Position::Top, line) => block.title(line),
-				(ratatui::widgets::block::Position::Bottom, line) => block.title(line),
+				(ratatui::widgets::TitlePosition::Top, line) => block.title(line),
+				(ratatui::widgets::TitlePosition::Bottom, line) => block.title(line),
 			};
 		}
 
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ impl UserData for Border {
 			"title",
 			|_, (ud, line, position): (AnyUserData, Value, Option<u8>)| {
 				let position = if position == Some(Borders::BOTTOM.bits()) {
-					ratatui::widgets::block::Position::Bottom
+					ratatui::widgets::TitlePosition::Bottom
 				} else {
-					ratatui::widgets::block::Position::Top
+					ratatui::widgets::TitlePosition::Top
 				};
 
 				ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.titles.push((position, Line::try_from(line)?.inner));
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/elements/line.rs b/yazi-binding/src/elements/line.rs
index 69df7adb..63e8a623 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/elements/line.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/elements/line.rs
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ mod tests {
 			.call(())
 			.unwrap();
 
-		line.spans.iter().map(|s| s.content.as_ref()).collect()
+		line.spans.iter().map(|s| &*s.content).collect()
 	}
 
 	#[test]
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/elements/rect.rs b/yazi-binding/src/elements/rect.rs
index c1f8262d..f54d9069 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/elements/rect.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/elements/rect.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl Rect {
 		})?;
 
 		let index = lua.create_function(move |lua, (_, key): (Table, mlua::String)| {
-			Ok(match key.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+			Ok(match &*key.as_bytes() {
 				b"default" => {
 					deprecate!(lua, "`ui.Rect.default` is deprecated, use `ui.Rect{{}}` instead, in your {}\nSee #2927 for more details: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/2927");
 					Some(Self(Default::default()))
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/error.rs b/yazi-binding/src/error.rs
index 382326f9..e53698ae 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/error.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/error.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,20 @@ pub enum Error {
 
 impl Error {
 	pub fn install(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
-		let new = lua.create_function(|_, msg: String| Ok(Self::custom(msg)))?;
+		let custom = lua.create_function(|_, msg: String| Ok(Self::custom(msg)))?;
 
-		lua.globals().raw_set("Error", lua.create_table_from([("custom", new)])?)
+		let fs = lua.create_function(|_, value: Value| {
+			Ok(Self::Fs(match value {
+				Value::Table(t) => yazi_fs::error::Error::custom(
+					&t.raw_get::<mlua::String>("kind")?.to_str()?,
+					t.raw_get("code")?,
+					&t.raw_get::<mlua::String>("message")?.to_str()?,
+				)?,
+				_ => Err("expected a table".into_lua_err())?,
+			}))
+		})?;
+
+		lua.globals().raw_set("Error", lua.create_table_from([("custom", custom), ("fs", fs)])?)
 	}
 
 	pub fn custom(msg: impl Into<SStr>) -> Self { Self::Custom(msg.into()) }
@@ -60,13 +71,20 @@ impl UserData for Error {
 				_ => None,
 			})
 		});
+		fields.add_field_method_get("kind", |_, me| {
+			Ok(match me {
+				Self::Io(e) => Some(yazi_fs::error::Error::from(e.kind()).kind_str()),
+				Self::Fs(e) => Some(e.kind_str()),
+				_ => None,
+			})
+		});
 	}
 
 	fn add_methods<M: UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
 		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::ToString, |lua, me, ()| {
 			Ok(match me {
 				Self::Io(_) | Self::Fs(_) | Self::Serde(_) => lua.create_string(me.to_string()),
-				Self::Custom(s) => lua.create_string(s.as_ref()),
+				Self::Custom(s) => lua.create_string(&**s),
 			})
 		});
 		methods.add_meta_function(MetaMethod::Concat, |lua, (lhs, rhs): (Value, Value)| {
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/file.rs b/yazi-binding/src/file.rs
index 9ef1b7a8..8555d9e5 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/file.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
-use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, Lua, Table, UserData, UserDataFields, UserDataMethods, UserDataRef, Value};
+use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, FromLua, Lua, ObjectLike, Table, UserData, UserDataFields, UserDataMethods, UserDataRef, Value};
 
 use crate::{Cha, Url, impl_file_fields, impl_file_methods};
 
 pub type FileRef = UserDataRef<File>;
 
+const EXPECTED: &str = "expected a table, File, or fs::File";
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct File {
 	inner: yazi_fs::File,
 
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ pub struct File {
 	v_link_to: Option<Value>,
 
 	v_name:  Option<Value>,
+	v_path:  Option<Value>,
 	v_cache: Option<Value>,
 }
 
@@ -28,23 +32,53 @@ impl From<File> for yazi_fs::File {
 }
 
 impl File {
-	pub fn new(inner: yazi_fs::File) -> Self {
-		Self { inner, v_cha: None, v_url: None, v_link_to: None, v_name: None, v_cache: None }
+	pub fn new(inner: impl Into<yazi_fs::File>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			inner:     inner.into(),
+			v_cha:     None,
+			v_url:     None,
+			v_link_to: None,
+
+			v_name:  None,
+			v_path:  None,
+			v_cache: None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn install(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
+		lua.globals().raw_set("File", lua.create_function(|_, value: Value| Self::try_from(value))?)
 	}
 }
 
-impl File {
-	pub fn install(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
-		lua.globals().raw_set(
-			"File",
-			lua.create_function(|_, t: Table| {
-				Ok(Self::new(yazi_fs::File {
-					url: t.raw_get::<Url>("url")?.into(),
-					cha: *t.raw_get::<Cha>("cha")?,
-					..Default::default()
-				}))
-			})?,
-		)
+impl TryFrom<Value> for File {
+	type Error = mlua::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(value: Value) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		match value {
+			Value::Table(tbl) => Self::try_from(tbl),
+			Value::UserData(ud) => Self::try_from(ud),
+			_ => Err(EXPECTED.into_lua_err())?,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Table> for File {
+	type Error = mlua::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(value: Table) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		Ok(Self::new(yazi_fs::File {
+			url: value.raw_get::<Url>("url")?.into(),
+			cha: *value.raw_get::<Cha>("cha")?,
+			..Default::default()
+		}))
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<AnyUserData> for File {
+	type Error = mlua::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(value: AnyUserData) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		Ok(if let Ok(me) = value.borrow::<Self>() { me.clone() } else { value.get("bare")? })
 	}
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +86,7 @@ impl FromLua for File {
 	fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
 		Ok(match value {
 			Value::UserData(ud) => Self::new(ud.take::<Self>()?.inner),
-			_ => Err("Expected a File".into_lua_err())?,
+			_ => Err("expected a File".into_lua_err())?,
 		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/handle.rs b/yazi-binding/src/handle.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9a6f35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/handle.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use mlua::{MultiValue, UserData, UserDataMethods};
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+
+pub enum Handle {
+	AsyncFn(JoinHandle<mlua::Result<MultiValue>>),
+}
+
+impl UserData for Handle {
+	fn add_methods<M: UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
+		methods.add_method("abort", |_, me, ()| {
+			Ok(match me {
+				Self::AsyncFn(h) => h.abort(),
+			})
+		});
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/lib.rs b/yazi-binding/src/lib.rs
index 2d1ffdc5..e23749be 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-#![allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 mod macros;
 
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(elements);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cha color composer error file icon id iter permit runtime scheme stage style url urn utils);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cha color composer error file handle icon id iter path permit runtime scheme stage style url utils);
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/macros.rs b/yazi-binding/src/macros.rs
index 6bc50e69..37e0a13f 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/macros.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/macros.rs
@@ -82,65 +82,122 @@ macro_rules! impl_style_method {
 macro_rules! impl_style_shorthands {
 	($methods:ident, $($field:tt).+) => {
 		$methods.add_function_mut("fg", |lua, (ud, value): (mlua::AnyUserData, mlua::Value)| {
+			use ratatui::style::Modifier;
+
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
 			match value {
-				mlua::Value::Nil => {
-					ud.borrow::<Self>()?.$($field).+.fg.map($crate::Color).into_lua(lua)
-				},
+				mlua::Value::Boolean(true) if me.add_modifier.contains(Modifier::REVERSED) && !me.sub_modifier.contains(Modifier::REVERSED) => {
+					me.bg.map($crate::Color).into_lua(lua)
+				}
+				mlua::Value::Nil | mlua::Value::Boolean(_) => {
+					me.fg.map($crate::Color).into_lua(lua)
+				}
 				_ => {
-					ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.fg = Some($crate::Color::try_from(value)?.0);
+					me.fg = Some($crate::Color::try_from(value)?.0);
 					ud.into_lua(lua)
 				}
 			}
 		});
 		$methods.add_function_mut("bg", |lua, (ud, value): (mlua::AnyUserData, mlua::Value)| {
+			use ratatui::style::Modifier;
+
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
 			match value {
-				mlua::Value::Nil => {
-					ud.borrow::<Self>()?.$($field).+.bg.map($crate::Color).into_lua(lua)
+				mlua::Value::Boolean(true) if me.add_modifier.contains(Modifier::REVERSED) && !me.sub_modifier.contains(Modifier::REVERSED) => {
+					me.fg.map($crate::Color).into_lua(lua)
+				}
+				mlua::Value::Nil | mlua::Value::Boolean(_) => {
+					me.bg.map($crate::Color).into_lua(lua)
 				}
 				_ => {
-					ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.bg = Some($crate::Color::try_from(value)?.0);
+					me.bg = Some($crate::Color::try_from(value)?.0);
 					ud.into_lua(lua)
 				}
 			}
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("bold", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::BOLD;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("bold", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::BOLD);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::BOLD);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("dim", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::DIM;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("dim", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::DIM);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::DIM);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("italic", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::ITALIC;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("italic", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::ITALIC);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::ITALIC);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("underline", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::UNDERLINED;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("underline", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("blink", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::SLOW_BLINK;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("blink", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::SLOW_BLINK);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::SLOW_BLINK);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("blink_rapid", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::RAPID_BLINK;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("blink_rapid", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::RAPID_BLINK);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::RAPID_BLINK);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("reverse", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::REVERSED;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("reverse", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::REVERSED);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::REVERSED);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("hidden", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::HIDDEN;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("hidden", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::HIDDEN);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::HIDDEN);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
-		$methods.add_function_mut("crossed", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier |= ratatui::style::Modifier::CROSSED_OUT;
+		$methods.add_function_mut("crossed", |_, (ud, remove): (mlua::AnyUserData, bool)| {
+			let me = &mut ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+;
+			if remove {
+				*me = me.remove_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::CROSSED_OUT);
+			} else {
+				*me = me.add_modifier(ratatui::style::Modifier::CROSSED_OUT);
+			}
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
 		$methods.add_function_mut("reset", |_, ud: mlua::AnyUserData| {
-			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+.add_modifier = ratatui::style::Modifier::empty();
+			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.$($field).+ = ratatui::style::Style::reset();
 			Ok(ud)
 		});
 	};
@@ -151,14 +208,19 @@ macro_rules! impl_file_fields {
 	($fields:ident) => {
 		$crate::cached_field!($fields, cha, |_, me| Ok($crate::Cha(me.cha)));
 		$crate::cached_field!($fields, url, |_, me| Ok($crate::Url::new(me.url_owned())));
-		$crate::cached_field!($fields, link_to, |_, me| Ok(me.link_to.clone().map($crate::Url::new)));
+		$crate::cached_field!($fields, link_to, |_, me| Ok(me.link_to.as_ref().map($crate::Path::new)));
 
 		$crate::cached_field!($fields, name, |lua, me| {
-			me.name().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.as_encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+			me.name().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+		});
+		$crate::cached_field!($fields, path, |_, me| {
+			use yazi_fs::FsUrl;
+			use yazi_shared::url::AsUrl;
+			Ok($crate::Path::new(me.url.as_url().unified_path()))
 		});
 		$crate::cached_field!($fields, cache, |_, me| {
 			use yazi_fs::FsUrl;
-			Ok(me.url.cache().map($crate::Url::new))
+			Ok(me.url.cache().map($crate::Path::new))
 		});
 	};
 }
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/path.rs b/yazi-binding/src/path.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..137a1d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/path.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use mlua::{ExternalError, ExternalResult, FromLua, Lua, MetaMethod, UserData, UserDataFields, UserDataMethods, UserDataRef, Value};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{PathBufDyn, PathLike, StripPrefixError}, strand::{AsStrand, Strand, StrandCow}};
+
+use crate::cached_field;
+
+pub type PathRef = UserDataRef<Path>;
+
+pub struct Path {
+	inner: PathBufDyn,
+
+	v_ext:    Option<Value>,
+	v_name:   Option<Value>,
+	v_parent: Option<Value>,
+	v_stem:   Option<Value>,
+}
+
+impl Deref for Path {
+	type Target = PathBufDyn;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.inner }
+}
+
+impl From<Path> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn from(value: Path) -> Self { value.inner }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for Path {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { self.inner.as_strand() }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &Path {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { self.inner.as_strand() }
+}
+
+impl Path {
+	pub fn new(path: impl Into<PathBufDyn>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			inner: path.into(),
+
+			v_ext:    None,
+			v_name:   None,
+			v_parent: None,
+			v_stem:   None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn ends_with(&self, child: Value) -> mlua::Result<bool> {
+		match child {
+			Value::String(s) => {
+				self.try_ends_with(StrandCow::with(self.kind(), &*s.as_bytes())?).into_lua_err()
+			}
+			Value::UserData(ud) => self.try_ends_with(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?).into_lua_err(),
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Path".into_lua_err())?,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn join(&self, other: Value) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self::new(match other {
+			Value::String(s) => {
+				self.try_join(StrandCow::with(self.kind(), &*s.as_bytes())?).into_lua_err()?
+			}
+			Value::UserData(ref ud) => {
+				let path = ud.borrow::<Self>()?;
+				self.try_join(&*path).into_lua_err()?
+			}
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Path".into_lua_err())?,
+		}))
+	}
+
+	fn starts_with(&self, base: Value) -> mlua::Result<bool> {
+		match base {
+			Value::String(s) => {
+				self.try_starts_with(StrandCow::with(self.kind(), &*s.as_bytes())?).into_lua_err()
+			}
+			Value::UserData(ud) => self.try_starts_with(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?).into_lua_err(),
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Path".into_lua_err())?,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn strip_prefix(&self, base: Value) -> mlua::Result<Option<Self>> {
+		let strip = match base {
+			Value::String(s) => self.try_strip_prefix(StrandCow::with(self.kind(), &*s.as_bytes())?),
+			Value::UserData(ud) => self.try_strip_prefix(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?),
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Path".into_lua_err())?,
+		};
+
+		Ok(match strip {
+			Ok(p) => Some(Self::new(p)),
+			Err(StripPrefixError::Exotic | StripPrefixError::NotPrefix) => None,
+			Err(e @ StripPrefixError::WrongEncoding) => Err(e.into_lua_err())?,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl FromLua for Path {
+	fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
+		Ok(match value {
+			Value::UserData(ud) => ud.take()?,
+			_ => Err("Expected a Path".into_lua_err())?,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl UserData for Path {
+	fn add_fields<F: UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
+		cached_field!(fields, ext, |lua, me| {
+			me.ext().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+		});
+		cached_field!(fields, name, |lua, me| {
+			me.name().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+		});
+		cached_field!(fields, parent, |_, me| Ok(me.parent().map(Self::new)));
+		cached_field!(fields, stem, |lua, me| {
+			me.stem().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+		});
+
+		fields.add_field_method_get("is_absolute", |_, me| Ok(me.is_absolute()));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("has_root", |_, me| Ok(me.has_root()));
+	}
+
+	fn add_methods<M: UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
+		methods.add_method("ends_with", |_, me, child: Value| me.ends_with(child));
+		methods.add_method("join", |_, me, other: Value| me.join(other));
+		methods.add_method("starts_with", |_, me, base: Value| me.starts_with(base));
+		methods.add_method("strip_prefix", |_, me, base: Value| me.strip_prefix(base));
+
+		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::Concat, |lua, lhs, rhs: mlua::String| {
+			lua.create_string([lhs.encoded_bytes(), &rhs.as_bytes()].concat())
+		});
+		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::Eq, |_, me, other: PathRef| Ok(me.inner == other.inner));
+		methods
+			.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::ToString, |lua, me, ()| lua.create_string(me.encoded_bytes()));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/permit.rs b/yazi-binding/src/permit.rs
index 2d16037f..19acf379 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/permit.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/permit.rs
@@ -1,42 +1,51 @@
 use std::{mem, ops::Deref};
 
+use futures::{FutureExt, future::BoxFuture};
 use mlua::{UserData, prelude::LuaUserDataMethods};
 use tokio::sync::SemaphorePermit;
 
-pub type PermitRef<F> = mlua::UserDataRef<Permit<F>>;
+pub type PermitRef = mlua::UserDataRef<Permit>;
 
-pub struct Permit<F: FnOnce()> {
+pub struct Permit {
 	inner:    Option<SemaphorePermit<'static>>,
-	destruct: Option<F>,
+	destruct: Option<BoxFuture<'static, ()>>,
 }
 
-impl<F: FnOnce()> Deref for Permit<F> {
+impl Deref for Permit {
 	type Target = Option<SemaphorePermit<'static>>;
 
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.inner }
 }
 
-impl<F: FnOnce()> Permit<F> {
-	pub fn new(inner: SemaphorePermit<'static>, f: F) -> Self {
-		Self { inner: Some(inner), destruct: Some(f) }
+impl Permit {
+	pub fn new<F>(inner: SemaphorePermit<'static>, f: F) -> Self
+	where
+		F: Future<Output = ()> + 'static + Send,
+	{
+		Self { inner: Some(inner), destruct: Some(f.boxed()) }
 	}
 
-	fn dropping(&mut self) {
-		if let Some(f) = self.destruct.take() {
-			f();
-		}
-		if let Some(p) = self.inner.take() {
-			mem::drop(p);
+	fn dropping(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = ()> + 'static {
+		let inner = self.inner.take();
+		let destruct = self.destruct.take();
+
+		async move {
+			if let Some(f) = destruct {
+				f.await;
+			}
+			if let Some(p) = inner {
+				mem::drop(p);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl<F: FnOnce()> Drop for Permit<F> {
-	fn drop(&mut self) { self.dropping(); }
+impl Drop for Permit {
+	fn drop(&mut self) { tokio::spawn(self.dropping()); }
 }
 
-impl<F: FnOnce()> UserData for Permit<F> {
+impl UserData for Permit {
 	fn add_methods<M: LuaUserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
-		methods.add_method_mut("drop", |_, me, ()| Ok(me.dropping()));
+		methods.add_async_method_mut("drop", |_, mut me, ()| async move { Ok(me.dropping().await) });
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/runtime.rs b/yazi-binding/src/runtime.rs
index 2eec279b..24c0ae96 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/runtime.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/runtime.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use mlua::Function;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Runtime {
-	frames: VecDeque<RuntimeFrame>,
-	blocks: HashMap<String, Vec<Function>>,
+	frames:      VecDeque<RuntimeFrame>,
+	blocks:      HashMap<String, Vec<Function>>,
+	pub initing: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -16,10 +17,13 @@ struct RuntimeFrame {
 }
 
 impl Runtime {
-	pub fn new(id: &str) -> Self {
+	pub fn new() -> Self { Self { frames: <_>::default(), blocks: <_>::default(), initing: true } }
+
+	pub fn new_isolate(id: &str) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			frames: VecDeque::from([RuntimeFrame { id: id.to_owned(), calls: 0 }]),
-			..Default::default()
+			frames:  VecDeque::from([RuntimeFrame { id: id.to_owned(), calls: 0 }]),
+			blocks:  <_>::default(),
+			initing: false,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ impl Runtime {
 		if let Some(v) = self.blocks.get_mut(&cur.id) {
 			v.push(f);
 		} else {
-			self.blocks.insert(cur.id.to_owned(), vec![f]);
+			self.blocks.insert(cur.id.clone(), vec![f]);
 		}
 		true
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/scheme.rs b/yazi-binding/src/scheme.rs
index defec5fc..53f686b7 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/scheme.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/scheme.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use mlua::{UserData, UserDataFields, Value};
 use yazi_fs::FsScheme;
 use yazi_shared::scheme::SchemeLike;
 
-use crate::{Url, cached_field};
+use crate::{Path, cached_field};
 
 pub struct Scheme {
 	inner: yazi_shared::scheme::Scheme,
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@ impl Deref for Scheme {
 }
 
 impl Scheme {
-	pub fn new(scheme: &yazi_shared::scheme::Scheme) -> Self {
-		Self { inner: scheme.clone(), v_kind: None, v_cache: None }
+	pub fn new(scheme: impl Into<yazi_shared::scheme::Scheme>) -> Self {
+		Self { inner: scheme.into(), v_kind: None, v_cache: None }
 	}
 }
 
 impl UserData for Scheme {
 	fn add_fields<F: UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
-		cached_field!(fields, kind, |_, me| Ok(me.kind()));
-		cached_field!(fields, cache, |_, me| Ok(me.cache().map(Url::new)));
+		cached_field!(fields, kind, |_, me| Ok(me.kind().as_str()));
+		cached_field!(fields, cache, |_, me| Ok(me.cache().map(Path::new)));
 
 		fields.add_field_method_get("is_virtual", |_, me| Ok(me.is_virtual()));
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/style.rs b/yazi-binding/src/style.rs
index 3403619e..ddcaf181 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/style.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/style.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, IntoLua, Lua, MetaMethod, Table, UserData, UserDataMethods, Value};
+use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, IntoLua, Lua, LuaSerdeExt, MetaMethod, Table, UserData, UserDataMethods, Value};
+
+use crate::SER_OPT;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
 pub struct Style(pub ratatui::style::Style);
@@ -34,6 +36,9 @@ impl UserData for Style {
 	fn add_methods<M: UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
 		crate::impl_style_shorthands!(methods, 0);
 
+		methods
+			.add_method("raw", |lua, me, ()| lua.to_value_with(&yazi_config::Style::from(me.0), SER_OPT));
+
 		methods.add_function_mut("patch", |_, (ud, value): (AnyUserData, Value)| {
 			{
 				let mut me = ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?;
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/url.rs b/yazi-binding/src/url.rs
index 4c75f7ea..44af8778 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/url.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/url.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
-use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, FromLua, Lua, MetaMethod, UserData, UserDataFields, UserDataMethods, UserDataRef, Value};
-use yazi_fs::{FsHash64, FsHash128};
-use yazi_shared::{IntoOsStr, scheme::SchemeLike, url::{AsUrl, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, ExternalResult, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, MetaMethod, UserData, UserDataFields, UserDataMethods, UserDataRef, Value};
+use yazi_fs::{FsHash64, FsHash128, FsUrl};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{PathLike, StripPrefixError}, scheme::SchemeCow, strand::{StrandLike, ToStrand}, url::{AsUrl, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 
-use crate::{Scheme, cached_field, deprecate};
+use crate::{Path, Scheme, cached_field, deprecate};
 
 pub type UrlRef = UserDataRef<Url>;
 
+const EXPECTED: &str = "expected a string, Url, or Path";
+
 pub struct Url {
 	inner: yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf,
 
+	v_path:   Option<Value>,
 	v_name:   Option<Value>,
 	v_stem:   Option<Value>,
 	v_ext:    Option<Value>,
@@ -20,6 +23,8 @@ pub struct Url {
 
 	v_scheme: Option<Value>,
 	v_domain: Option<Value>,
+
+	v_cache: Option<Value>,
 }
 
 impl Deref for Url {
@@ -28,10 +33,6 @@ impl Deref for Url {
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.inner }
 }
 
-impl AsRef<yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf> for Url {
-	fn as_ref(&self) -> &yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf { &self.inner }
-}
-
 impl AsUrl for Url {
 	fn as_url(&self) -> yazi_shared::url::Url<'_> { self.inner.as_url() }
 }
@@ -48,12 +49,14 @@ impl From<Url> for yazi_shared::url::UrlBufCov {
 	fn from(value: Url) -> Self { Self(value.inner) }
 }
 
+impl From<Url> for yazi_shared::url::UrlCow<'_> {
+	fn from(value: Url) -> Self { value.inner.into() }
+}
+
 impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for Url {
 	type Error = mlua::Error;
 
-	fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
-		Ok(Self::new(UrlCow::try_from(value)?.into_owned()))
-	}
+	fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Self> { Ok(Self::new(UrlCow::try_from(value)?)) }
 }
 
 impl Url {
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ impl Url {
 		Self {
 			inner: url.into(),
 
+			v_path:   None,
 			v_name:   None,
 			v_stem:   None,
 			v_ext:    None,
@@ -70,6 +74,8 @@ impl Url {
 
 			v_scheme: None,
 			v_domain: None,
+
+			v_cache: None,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -78,13 +84,82 @@ impl Url {
 			"Url",
 			lua.create_function(|_, value: Value| {
 				Ok(match value {
-					Value::String(s) => Self::try_from(s.as_bytes().as_ref())?,
-					Value::UserData(ud) => Self::new(ud.borrow::<Self>()?.inner.clone()),
-					_ => Err("Expected a string or a Url".into_lua_err())?,
+					Value::String(s) => Self::try_from(&*s.as_bytes())?,
+					Value::UserData(ud) => {
+						if let Ok(url) = ud.borrow::<Self>() {
+							Self::new(&url.inner)
+						} else if let Ok(path) = ud.borrow::<Path>() {
+							Self::new(path.as_os().into_lua_err()?)
+						} else {
+							Err(EXPECTED.into_lua_err())?
+						}
+					}
+					_ => Err(EXPECTED.into_lua_err())?,
 				})
 			})?,
 		)
 	}
+
+	fn ends_with(&self, child: Value) -> mlua::Result<bool> {
+		match child {
+			Value::String(s) => self.try_ends_with(UrlCow::try_from(&*s.as_bytes())?).into_lua_err(),
+			Value::UserData(ud) => self.try_ends_with(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?).into_lua_err(),
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn hash(&self, long: Option<bool>) -> mlua::Result<String> {
+		Ok(if long.unwrap_or(false) {
+			format!("{:x}", self.hash_u128())
+		} else {
+			format!("{:x}", self.hash_u64())
+		})
+	}
+
+	fn join(&self, lua: &Lua, other: Value) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+		match other {
+			Value::String(s) => {
+				let b = s.as_bytes();
+				let (scheme, path) = SchemeCow::parse(&b)?;
+				if scheme == self.scheme() {
+					Self::new(self.try_join(path).into_lua_err()?).into_lua(lua)
+				} else {
+					Self::new(UrlCow::try_from((scheme, path))?).into_lua(lua)
+				}
+			}
+			Value::UserData(ref ud) => {
+				let url = ud.borrow::<Self>()?;
+				if url.scheme() == self.scheme() {
+					Self::new(self.try_join(url.loc()).into_lua_err()?).into_lua(lua)
+				} else {
+					Ok(other)
+				}
+			}
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn starts_with(&self, base: Value) -> mlua::Result<bool> {
+		match base {
+			Value::String(s) => self.try_starts_with(UrlCow::try_from(&*s.as_bytes())?).into_lua_err(),
+			Value::UserData(ud) => self.try_starts_with(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?).into_lua_err(),
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn strip_prefix(&self, base: Value) -> mlua::Result<Option<Path>> {
+		let strip = match base {
+			Value::String(s) => self.try_strip_prefix(UrlCow::try_from(&*s.as_bytes())?),
+			Value::UserData(ud) => self.try_strip_prefix(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?),
+			_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
+		};
+
+		Ok(match strip {
+			Ok(p) => Some(Path::new(p)),
+			Err(StripPrefixError::Exotic | StripPrefixError::NotPrefix) => None,
+			Err(e @ StripPrefixError::WrongEncoding) => Err(e.into_lua_err())?,
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 impl FromLua for Url {
@@ -98,27 +173,32 @@ impl FromLua for Url {
 
 impl UserData for Url {
 	fn add_fields<F: UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
+		cached_field!(fields, path, |_, me| Ok(Path::new(me.loc())));
 		cached_field!(fields, name, |lua, me| {
-			me.name().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.as_encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+			me.name().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
 		});
 		cached_field!(fields, stem, |lua, me| {
-			me.stem().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.as_encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+			me.stem().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
 		});
 		cached_field!(fields, ext, |lua, me| {
-			me.ext().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.as_encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+			me.ext().map(|s| lua.create_string(s.encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+		});
+		cached_field!(fields, urn, |_, me| Ok(Path::new(me.urn())));
+		cached_field!(fields, base, |_, me| {
+			Ok(Some(me.base()).filter(|u| !u.loc().is_empty()).map(Self::new))
 		});
 		cached_field!(fields, parent, |_, me| Ok(me.parent().map(Self::new)));
-		cached_field!(fields, urn, |_, me| Ok(super::Path::new(me.urn())));
-		cached_field!(fields, base, |_, me| Ok(me.base().map(Self::new)));
 
-		cached_field!(fields, scheme, |_, me| Ok(Scheme::new(&me.scheme)));
+		cached_field!(fields, scheme, |_, me| Ok(Scheme::new(me.scheme())));
 		cached_field!(fields, domain, |lua, me| {
-			me.scheme.domain().map(|s| lua.create_string(s)).transpose()
+			me.scheme().domain().map(|s| lua.create_string(s)).transpose()
 		});
 
+		cached_field!(fields, cache, |_, me| Ok(me.cache().map(Path::new)));
+
 		fields.add_field_method_get("frag", |lua, me| {
 			deprecate!(lua, "`frag` property of Url is deprecated and renamed to `domain`, please use the new name instead, in your {}");
-			me.scheme.domain().map(|s| lua.create_string(s)).transpose()
+			me.scheme().domain().map(|s| lua.create_string(s)).transpose()
 		});
 
 		fields.add_field_method_get("is_regular", |_, me| Ok(me.is_regular()));
@@ -129,59 +209,23 @@ impl UserData for Url {
 	}
 
 	fn add_methods<M: UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
-		methods.add_method("hash", |_, me, long: Option<bool>| {
-			Ok(if long.unwrap_or(false) {
-				format!("{:x}", me.hash_u128())
-			} else {
-				format!("{:x}", me.hash_u64())
-			})
-		});
-		methods.add_method("join", |_, me, other: Value| {
-			Ok(Self::new(match other {
-				Value::String(s) => me.join(s.as_bytes().into_os_str()?),
-				Value::UserData(ud) => {
-					let url = ud.borrow::<Self>()?;
-					if !me.scheme.covariant(&url.scheme) {
-						return Err("cannot join Urls with different schemes".into_lua_err());
-					}
-					me.join(&url.loc)
-				}
-				_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
-			}))
-		});
-		methods.add_method("starts_with", |_, me, base: Value| {
-			Ok(match base {
-				Value::String(s) => me.loc.starts_with(s.as_bytes().into_os_str()?),
-				Value::UserData(ud) => me.starts_with(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?),
-				_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
-			})
-		});
-		methods.add_method("ends_with", |_, me, child: Value| {
-			Ok(match child {
-				Value::String(s) => me.loc.ends_with(s.as_bytes().into_os_str()?),
-				Value::UserData(ud) => me.ends_with(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?),
-				_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
-			})
-		});
-		methods.add_method("strip_prefix", |_, me, base: Value| {
-			let path = match base {
-				Value::String(s) => me.loc().strip_prefix(&s.as_bytes().into_os_str()?).map(Into::into),
-				Value::UserData(ud) => me.strip_prefix(&*ud.borrow::<Self>()?),
-				_ => Err("must be a string or Url".into_lua_err())?,
-			};
-			Ok(path.map(Self::new)) // TODO: return `Path` instead of `Url`
-		});
+		methods.add_method("ends_with", |_, me, child: Value| me.ends_with(child));
+		methods.add_method("hash", |_, me, long: Option<bool>| me.hash(long));
+		methods.add_method("join", |lua, me, other: Value| me.join(lua, other));
+		methods.add_method("starts_with", |_, me, base: Value| me.starts_with(base));
+		methods.add_method("strip_prefix", |_, me, base: Value| me.strip_prefix(base));
 
 		methods.add_function_mut("into_search", |_, (ud, domain): (AnyUserData, mlua::String)| {
-			Ok(Self::new(ud.take::<Self>()?.inner.into_search(domain.to_str()?)))
+			let url = ud.take::<Self>()?.inner.into_search(domain.to_str()?).into_lua_err()?;
+			Ok(Self::new(url))
 		});
 
 		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::Eq, |_, me, other: UrlRef| Ok(me.inner == other.inner));
 		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::ToString, |lua, me, ()| {
-			lua.create_string(me.os_str().as_encoded_bytes())
+			lua.create_string(me.to_strand().encoded_bytes())
 		});
 		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::Concat, |lua, lhs, rhs: mlua::String| {
-			lua.create_string([lhs.os_str().as_encoded_bytes(), &rhs.as_bytes()].concat())
+			lua.create_string([lhs.to_strand().encoded_bytes(), &rhs.as_bytes()].concat())
 		});
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/urn.rs b/yazi-binding/src/urn.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 6463ca87..00000000
--- a/yazi-binding/src/urn.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-use std::ops::Deref;
-
-use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, Lua, UserData, Value};
-use yazi_shared::path::PathBufDyn;
-
-pub struct Path(pub PathBufDyn);
-
-impl Deref for Path {
-	type Target = PathBufDyn;
-
-	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 }
-}
-
-impl Path {
-	pub fn new(urn: impl Into<PathBufDyn>) -> Self { Self(urn.into()) }
-}
-
-impl FromLua for Path {
-	fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
-		Ok(match value {
-			Value::UserData(ud) => ud.take()?,
-			_ => Err("Expected a Path".into_lua_err())?,
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-impl UserData for Path {}
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/utils.rs b/yazi-binding/src/utils.rs
index 52cada49..c48f3173 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/utils.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/utils.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, Table, Value};
+use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, SerializeOptions, Table, Value};
+
+pub const SER_OPT: SerializeOptions =
+	SerializeOptions::new().serialize_none_to_null(false).serialize_unit_to_null(false);
 
 pub fn get_metatable(lua: &Lua, value: impl IntoLua) -> mlua::Result<Table> {
 	let (_, mt): (Value, Table) = unsafe {
diff --git a/yazi-boot/Cargo.toml b/yazi-boot/Cargo.toml
index 6670c893..c218bd0f 100644
--- a/yazi-boot/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-boot/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-boot"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,27 +8,29 @@ description = "Yazi bootstrapper"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 clap      = { workspace = true }
 futures   = { workspace = true }
 hashbrown = { workspace = true }
 regex     = { workspace = true }
-serde     = { workspace = true }
 
 [build-dependencies]
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 clap                  = { workspace = true }
-clap_complete         = "4.5.60"
+clap_complete         = "4.5.64"
 clap_complete_fig     = "4.5.2"
 clap_complete_nushell = "4.5.10"
 vergen-gitcl          = { version = "1.0.8", features = [ "build", "rustc" ] }
diff --git a/yazi-boot/README.md b/yazi-boot/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae559d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-boot/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-boot
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-boot/src/actions/debug.rs b/yazi-boot/src/actions/debug.rs
index b64302f8..b77ff130 100644
--- a/yazi-boot/src/actions/debug.rs
+++ b/yazi-boot/src/actions/debug.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ use std::{env, ffi::OsStr, fmt::Write, path::Path};
 
 use regex::Regex;
 use yazi_adapter::Mux;
-use yazi_config::YAZI;
+use yazi_config::{THEME, YAZI};
+use yazi_fs::Xdg;
 use yazi_shared::timestamp_us;
 
 use super::Actions;
@@ -19,12 +20,20 @@ impl Actions {
 		writeln!(s, "\nYa")?;
 		writeln!(s, "    Version: {}", Self::process_output("ya", "--version"))?;
 
+		writeln!(s, "\nConfig")?;
+		writeln!(s, "    Yazi             : {}", Self::config_state("yazi"))?;
+		writeln!(s, "    Keymap           : {}", Self::config_state("keymap"))?;
+		writeln!(s, "    Theme            : {}", Self::config_state("theme"))?;
+		writeln!(s, "    VFS              : {}", Self::config_state("vfs"))?;
+		writeln!(s, "    Package          : {}", Self::config_state("package"))?;
+		writeln!(s, "    Dark/light flavor: {:?} / {:?}", THEME.flavor.dark, THEME.flavor.light)?;
+
 		writeln!(s, "\nEmulator")?;
 		writeln!(s, "    TERM                : {:?}", env::var_os("TERM"))?;
 		writeln!(s, "    TERM_PROGRAM        : {:?}", env::var_os("TERM_PROGRAM"))?;
 		writeln!(s, "    TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION: {:?}", env::var_os("TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION"))?;
 		writeln!(s, "    Brand.from_env      : {:?}", yazi_adapter::Brand::from_env())?;
-		writeln!(s, "    Emulator.detect     : {:?}", yazi_adapter::EMULATOR)?;
+		writeln!(s, "    Emulator.detect     : {:?}", &*yazi_adapter::EMULATOR)?;
 
 		writeln!(s, "\nAdapter")?;
 		writeln!(s, "    Adapter.matches    : {:?}", yazi_adapter::ADAPTOR)?;
@@ -115,6 +124,16 @@ impl Actions {
 		Ok(s)
 	}
 
+	fn config_state(name: &str) -> String {
+		let p = Xdg::config_dir().join(format!("{name}.toml"));
+		match std::fs::read_to_string(&p) {
+			Ok(s) if s.is_empty() => format!("{} (empty)", p.display()),
+			Ok(s) if s.trim().is_empty() => format!("{} (whitespaces)", p.display()),
+			Ok(s) => format!("{} ({} chars)", p.display(), s.chars().count()),
+			Err(e) => format!("{} ({e})", p.display()),
+		}
+	}
+
 	fn process_output(name: impl AsRef<OsStr>, arg: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> String {
 		match std::process::Command::new(&name).arg(arg).output() {
 			Ok(out) if out.status.success() => {
diff --git a/yazi-boot/src/boot.rs b/yazi-boot/src/boot.rs
index b08fb59d..a9b48bb7 100644
--- a/yazi-boot/src/boot.rs
+++ b/yazi-boot/src/boot.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use futures::executor::block_on;
 use hashbrown::HashSet;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use yazi_fs::{CWD, Xdg, path::expand_url};
-use yazi_shared::{path::{PathBufDyn, PathLike}, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_fs::{CWD, Xdg, path::clean_url};
+use yazi_shared::{strand::StrandBuf, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::provider;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Boot {
 	pub cwds:  Vec<UrlBuf>,
-	pub files: Vec<PathBufDyn>,
+	pub files: Vec<StrandBuf>,
 
 	pub local_events:  HashSet<String>,
 	pub remote_events: HashSet<String>,
@@ -22,25 +21,28 @@ pub struct Boot {
 }
 
 impl Boot {
-	async fn parse_entries(entries: &[UrlBuf]) -> (Vec<UrlBuf>, Vec<PathBufDyn>) {
+	async fn parse_entries(entries: &[UrlBuf]) -> (Vec<UrlBuf>, Vec<StrandBuf>) {
 		if entries.is_empty() {
-			return (vec![CWD.load().as_ref().clone()], vec![PathBufDyn::os_default()]);
+			return (vec![CWD.load().as_ref().clone()], vec![Default::default()]);
 		}
 
-		async fn go(entry: &UrlBuf) -> (UrlBuf, PathBufDyn) {
-			let mut entry = expand_url(entry);
-			if let Ok(u @ UrlCow::Owned { .. }) = provider::absolute(&entry).await {
+		async fn go(entry: &UrlBuf) -> (UrlBuf, StrandBuf) {
+			let mut entry = clean_url(entry);
+
+			if let Ok(u) = provider::absolute(&entry).await
+				&& u.is_owned()
+			{
 				entry = u.into_owned();
 			}
 
 			let Some((parent, child)) = entry.pair() else {
-				return (entry, PathBufDyn::os_default());
+				return (entry, Default::default());
 			};
 
 			if provider::metadata(&entry).await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_file()) {
-				(parent.into(), child.owned())
+				(parent.into(), child.into())
 			} else {
-				(entry, PathBufDyn::os_default())
+				(entry, Default::default())
 			}
 		}
 
diff --git a/yazi-build/Cargo.toml b/yazi-build/Cargo.toml
index d21e1cea..348387a5 100644
--- a/yazi-build/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-build/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-build"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ description = "Yazi build system"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [profile.release]
 codegen-units = 1
 lto           = true
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ panic         = "abort"
 strip         = true
 
 [build-dependencies]
-yazi-term = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-term = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "yazi-build"
diff --git a/yazi-build/README.md b/yazi-build/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d40eb8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-build/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-build
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-cli/Cargo.toml b/yazi-cli/Cargo.toml
index 2fdbe660..3b4ec04f 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-cli"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ description = "Yazi command-line interface"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [profile.release]
 codegen-units = 1
 lto           = true
@@ -19,11 +22,11 @@ inherits = "release"
 panic    = "unwind"
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-boot   = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds    = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-boot   = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds    = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow     = { workspace = true }
@@ -36,12 +39,12 @@ toml       = { workspace = true }
 twox-hash  = { workspace = true }
 
 [build-dependencies]
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External build dependencies
 anyhow                = { workspace = true }
 clap                  = { workspace = true }
-clap_complete         = "4.5.60"
+clap_complete         = "4.5.64"
 clap_complete_fig     = "4.5.2"
 clap_complete_nushell = "4.5.10"
 serde_json            = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-cli/README.md b/yazi-cli/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..646e0c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-cli/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-cli
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/main.rs b/yazi-cli/src/main.rs
index 06776ea7..a2a15be2 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/main.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@ use std::process::ExitCode;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use yazi_macro::{errln, outln};
+use yazi_shared::LOCAL_SET;
 
 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() -> ExitCode {
-	match run().await {
+	yazi_shared::init();
+	yazi_fs::init();
+
+	match LOCAL_SET.run_until(run()).await {
 		Ok(()) => ExitCode::SUCCESS,
 		Err(e) => {
 			for cause in e.chain() {
@@ -26,9 +30,6 @@ async fn main() -> ExitCode {
 }
 
 async fn run() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-	yazi_shared::init();
-	yazi_fs::init();
-
 	if std::env::args_os().nth(1).is_some_and(|s| s == "-V" || s == "--version") {
 		outln!(
 			"Ya {} ({} {})",
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/package/delete.rs b/yazi-cli/src/package/delete.rs
index 02782bc0..4968e143 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/package/delete.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/package/delete.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
-use yazi_fs::{ok_or_not_found, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local}};
+use yazi_fs::{ok_or_not_found, provider::{Provider, local::Local}};
 use yazi_macro::outln;
 
 use super::Dependency;
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ impl Dependency {
 
 	pub(super) async fn delete_assets(&self) -> Result<()> {
 		let assets = self.target().join("assets");
-		match Local.read_dir(&assets).await {
+		match tokio::fs::read_dir(&assets).await {
 			Ok(mut it) => {
-				while let Some(entry) = it.next().await? {
+				while let Some(entry) = it.next_entry().await? {
 					remove_sealed(&entry.path())
 						.await
 						.with_context(|| format!("failed to remove `{}`", entry.path().display()))?;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Dependency {
 			Err(e) => Err(e).context(format!("failed to read `{}`", assets.display()))?,
 		};
 
-		Local.remove_dir_clean(assets).await;
+		Local::regular(&assets).remove_dir_clean().await;
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl Dependency {
 				.with_context(|| format!("failed to delete `{}`", path.display()))?;
 		}
 
-		if ok_or_not_found(Local.remove_dir(&dir).await).is_ok() {
+		if ok_or_not_found(Local::regular(&dir).remove_dir().await).is_ok() {
 			outln!("Done!")?;
 		} else {
 			outln!(
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/package/dependency.rs b/yazi-cli/src/package/dependency.rs
index aee07cca..ccb14696 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/package/dependency.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/package/dependency.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use std::{io::BufWriter, path::{Path, PathBuf}, str::FromStr};
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
 use twox_hash::XxHash3_128;
-use yazi_fs::{Xdg, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local}};
+use yazi_fs::Xdg;
+use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
 use yazi_shared::BytesExt;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
@@ -62,11 +63,11 @@ impl Dependency {
 	}
 
 	pub(super) async fn plugin_files(dir: &Path) -> std::io::Result<Vec<String>> {
-		let mut it = Local.read_dir(dir).await?;
+		let mut it = ok_or_not_found!(tokio::fs::read_dir(dir).await, return Ok(vec![]));
 		let mut files: Vec<String> =
 			["LICENSE", "README.md", "main.lua"].into_iter().map(Into::into).collect();
-		while let Some(entry) = it.next().await? {
-			if let Ok(name) = entry.name().into_owned().into_string()
+		while let Some(entry) = it.next_entry().await? {
+			if let Ok(name) = entry.file_name().into_string()
 				&& let Some(stripped) = name.strip_suffix(".lua")
 				&& stripped != "main"
 				&& stripped.as_bytes().kebab_cased()
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/package/deploy.rs b/yazi-cli/src/package/deploy.rs
index 84d758bc..2cc10ac5 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/package/deploy.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/package/deploy.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
-use yazi_fs::provider::{DirReader, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local};
+use yazi_fs::provider::{Provider, local::Local};
 use yazi_macro::outln;
 
 use super::Dependency;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl Dependency {
 			self.hash_check().await?;
 		}
 
-		Local.create_dir_all(&to).await?;
+		Local::regular(&to).create_dir_all().await?;
 		self.delete_assets().await?;
 
 		let res1 = Self::deploy_assets(from.join("assets"), to.join("assets")).await;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl Dependency {
 			self.delete_sources().await?;
 		}
 
-		Local.remove_dir_clean(to).await;
+		Local::regular(&to).remove_dir_clean().await;
 		self.hash = self.hash().await?;
 		res2?;
 		res1?;
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ impl Dependency {
 	}
 
 	async fn deploy_assets(from: PathBuf, to: PathBuf) -> Result<()> {
-		match Local.read_dir(&from).await {
+		match tokio::fs::read_dir(&from).await {
 			Ok(mut it) => {
-				Local.create_dir_all(&to).await?;
-				while let Some(entry) = it.next().await? {
-					let (src, dist) = (entry.path(), to.join(entry.name()));
+				Local::regular(&to).create_dir_all().await?;
+				while let Some(entry) = it.next_entry().await? {
+					let (src, dist) = (entry.path(), to.join(entry.file_name()));
 					copy_and_seal(&src, &dist).await.with_context(|| {
 						format!("failed to copy `{}` to `{}`", src.display(), dist.display())
 					})?;
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/package/hash.rs b/yazi-cli/src/package/hash.rs
index 88430f01..37fc5350 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/package/hash.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/package/hash.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
 use twox_hash::XxHash3_128;
-use yazi_fs::provider::{DirReader, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local};
+use yazi_fs::provider::local::Local;
 use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
 
 use super::Dependency;
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ impl Dependency {
 		for file in files {
 			h.write(file.as_bytes());
 			h.write(b"VpvFw9Atb7cWGOdqhZCra634CcJJRlsRl72RbZeV0vpG1\0");
-			h.write(&ok_or_not_found!(Local.read(dir.join(file)).await));
+			h.write(&ok_or_not_found!(Local::regular(&dir.join(file)).read().await));
 		}
 
 		let mut assets = vec![];
-		match Local.read_dir(dir.join("assets")).await {
+		match tokio::fs::read_dir(dir.join("assets")).await {
 			Ok(mut it) => {
-				while let Some(entry) = it.next().await? {
-					let Ok(name) = entry.name().into_owned().into_string() else {
+				while let Some(entry) = it.next_entry().await? {
+					let Ok(name) = entry.file_name().into_string() else {
 						bail!("asset path is not valid UTF-8: {}", entry.path().display());
 					};
-					assets.push((name, Local.read(entry.path()).await?));
+					assets.push((name, Local::regular(&entry.path()).read().await?));
 				}
 			}
 			Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/package/mod.rs b/yazi-cli/src/package/mod.rs
index e07284f0..44c4f203 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/package/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/package/mod.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@ use anyhow::Context;
 use yazi_fs::Xdg;
 
 pub(super) fn init() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-	let root = Xdg::state_dir().join("packages");
-	std::fs::create_dir_all(&root)
-		.with_context(|| format!("failed to create packages directory: {root:?}"))?;
+	let packages_dir = Xdg::state_dir().join("packages");
+	std::fs::create_dir_all(&packages_dir)
+		.with_context(|| format!("failed to create packages directory: {packages_dir:?}"))?;
+
+	let config_dir = Xdg::config_dir();
+	std::fs::create_dir_all(&config_dir)
+		.with_context(|| format!("failed to create config directory: {config_dir:?}"))?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/package/package.rs b/yazi-cli/src/package/package.rs
index 617635da..dc654bc7 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/package/package.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/package/package.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Package {
 
 impl Package {
 	pub(crate) async fn load() -> Result<Self> {
-		let s = ok_or_not_found!(Local.read_to_string(Self::toml()).await);
+		let s = ok_or_not_found!(Local::regular(&Self::toml()).read_to_string().await);
 		Ok(toml::from_str(&s)?)
 	}
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl Package {
 
 	async fn save(&self) -> Result<()> {
 		let s = toml::to_string_pretty(self)?;
-		Local.write(Self::toml(), s).await.context("Failed to write package.toml")
+		Local::regular(&Self::toml()).write(s).await.context("Failed to write package.toml")
 	}
 
 	fn toml() -> PathBuf { Xdg::config_dir().join("package.toml") }
diff --git a/yazi-cli/src/shared/shared.rs b/yazi-cli/src/shared/shared.rs
index f2077dd9..387b5ccb 100644
--- a/yazi-cli/src/shared/shared.rs
+++ b/yazi-cli/src/shared/shared.rs
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
 
 #[inline]
 pub async fn must_exists(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> bool {
-	Local.symlink_metadata(path).await.is_ok()
+	Local::regular(&path).symlink_metadata().await.is_ok()
 }
 
 #[inline]
 pub async fn maybe_exists(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> bool {
-	match Local.symlink_metadata(path).await {
+	match Local::regular(&path).symlink_metadata().await {
 		Ok(_) => true,
 		Err(e) => e.kind() != std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
 	}
 }
 
 pub async fn copy_and_seal(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
-	let b = Local.read(from).await?;
+	let b = Local::regular(from).read().await?;
 	ok_or_not_found!(remove_sealed(to).await);
 
 	let mut file = Gate::default().create_new(true).write(true).truncate(true).open(to).await?;
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ pub async fn copy_and_seal(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
 	Ok(())
 }
 
-// TODO: use `yazi_fs` instead of `tokio::fs`
 pub async fn remove_sealed(p: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
 	#[cfg(windows)]
 	{
@@ -40,5 +39,5 @@ pub async fn remove_sealed(p: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
 		tokio::fs::set_permissions(p, perm).await?;
 	}
 
-	Local.remove_file(p).await
+	Local::regular(p).remove_file().await
 }
diff --git a/yazi-codegen/Cargo.toml b/yazi-codegen/Cargo.toml
index ff14e7d7..7513e988 100644
--- a/yazi-codegen/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-codegen/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-codegen"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ description = "Yazi code generator"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [lib]
 proc-macro = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # External dependencies
-syn   = { version = "2.0.108", features = [ "full" ] }
-quote = "1.0.41"
+syn   = { version = "2.0.113", features = [ "full" ] }
+quote = "1.0.42"
diff --git a/yazi-codegen/README.md b/yazi-codegen/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7a66057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-codegen/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-codegen
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-config/Cargo.toml b/yazi-config/Cargo.toml
index 382716fe..d69aba80 100644
--- a/yazi-config/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-config/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-config"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ description = "Yazi configuration file parser"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-codegen = { path = "../yazi-codegen", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-term    = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-codegen = { path = "../yazi-codegen", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-term    = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow    = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-config/README.md b/yazi-config/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ca9feee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-config/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-config
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-config/preset/keymap-default.toml b/yazi-config/preset/keymap-default.toml
index 7342a93c..96eadc9d 100644
--- a/yazi-config/preset/keymap-default.toml
+++ b/yazi-config/preset/keymap-default.toml
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ keymap = [
 	{ on = "L", run = "forward", desc = "Forward to next directory" },
 
 	# Toggle
-	{ on = "<Space>", run = [ "toggle", "arrow next" ], desc = "Toggle the current selection state" },
-	{ on = "<C-a>",   run = "toggle_all --state=on",    desc = "Select all files" },
-	{ on = "<C-r>",   run = "toggle_all",               desc = "Invert selection of all files" },
+	{ on = "<Space>", run = [ "toggle", "arrow 1" ], desc = "Toggle the current selection state" },
+	{ on = "<C-a>",   run = "toggle_all --state=on", desc = "Select all files" },
+	{ on = "<C-r>",   run = "toggle_all",            desc = "Invert selection of all files" },
 
 	# Visual mode
 	{ on = "v", run = "visual_mode",         desc = "Enter visual mode (selection mode)" },
diff --git a/yazi-config/preset/theme-dark.toml b/yazi-config/preset/theme-dark.toml
index d4bb9230..56f46344 100644
--- a/yazi-config/preset/theme-dark.toml
+++ b/yazi-config/preset/theme-dark.toml
@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@ overall = {}
 [mgr]
 cwd = { fg = "cyan" }
 
-# Hovered
-hovered         = { reversed = true }
-preview_hovered = { underline = true }
-
 # Find
 find_keyword  = { fg = "yellow", bold = true, italic = true, underline = true }
 find_position = { fg = "magenta", bg = "reset", bold = true, italic = true }
@@ -91,6 +87,17 @@ unset_alt  = { fg = "red", bg = "gray" }
 # : }}}
 
 
+# : Indicator of hovered file {{{
+
+[indicator]
+parent  = { reversed = true }
+current = { reversed = true }
+preview = { underline = true }
+padding = { open = "", close = "" }
+
+# : }}}
+
+
 # : Status bar {{{
 
 [status]
diff --git a/yazi-config/preset/theme-light.toml b/yazi-config/preset/theme-light.toml
index 8bd2c90e..d6aef72b 100644
--- a/yazi-config/preset/theme-light.toml
+++ b/yazi-config/preset/theme-light.toml
@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@ overall = {}
 [mgr]
 cwd = { fg = "cyan" }
 
-# Hovered
-hovered         = { reversed = true }
-preview_hovered = { underline = true }
-
 # Find
 find_keyword  = { fg = "yellow", bold = true, italic = true, underline = true }
 find_position = { fg = "magenta", bg = "reset", bold = true, italic = true }
@@ -91,6 +87,17 @@ unset_alt  = { fg = "red", bg = "gray" }
 # : }}}
 
 
+# : Indicator of hovered file {{{
+
+[indicator]
+parent  = { reversed = true }
+current = { reversed = true }
+preview = { underline = true }
+padding = { open = "", close = "" }
+
+# : }}}
+
+
 # : Status bar {{{
 
 [status]
diff --git a/yazi-config/preset/vfs-default.toml b/yazi-config/preset/vfs-default.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48be1dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-config/preset/vfs-default.toml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[services]
diff --git a/yazi-config/preset/yazi-default.toml b/yazi-config/preset/yazi-default.toml
index 02c641fd..8fb9f3db 100644
--- a/yazi-config/preset/yazi-default.toml
+++ b/yazi-config/preset/yazi-default.toml
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ spotters = [
 	{ mime = "video/*", run = "video" },
 	# Virtual file system
 	{ mime = "vfs/*", run = "vfs" },
+	# Error
+	{ mime = "null/*", run = "null" },
 	# Fallback
 	{ url = "*", run = "file" },
 ]
@@ -181,6 +183,8 @@ previewers = [
 	{ mime = "inode/empty", run = "empty" },
 	# Virtual file system
 	{ mime = "vfs/*", run = "vfs" },
+	# Error
+	{ mime = "null/*", run = "null" },
 	# Fallback
 	{ url = "*", run = "file" },
 ]
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/color.rs b/yazi-config/src/color.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index bf0b63ba..00000000
--- a/yazi-config/src/color.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-use std::{ops::Deref, str::FromStr};
-
-use serde::Deserialize;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Color(ratatui::style::Color);
-
-impl Deref for Color {
-	type Target = ratatui::style::Color;
-
-	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 }
-}
-
-impl From<Color> for ratatui::style::Color {
-	fn from(value: Color) -> Self { value.0 }
-}
-
-impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Color {
-	fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-	where
-		D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
-	{
-		ratatui::style::Color::from_str(&String::deserialize(deserializer)?)
-			.map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
-			.map(Self)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/lib.rs b/yazi-config/src/lib.rs
index 84a8d0be..5884009c 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(files keymap mgr open opener plugin popup preview tasks theme which vfs);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(color icon layout pattern platform preset priority style yazi);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(icon layout pattern platform preset priority style utils yazi);
 
 use std::io::{Read, Write};
 
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/mgr/mgr.rs b/yazi-config/src/mgr/mgr.rs
index 6be3ebfb..735a161d 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/mgr/mgr.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/mgr/mgr.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use yazi_codegen::DeserializeOver2;
 use yazi_fs::{CWD, SortBy};
-use yazi_shared::{SyncCell, path::PathLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{SyncCell, url::UrlLike};
 
 use super::{MgrRatio, MouseEvents};
 
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ impl Mgr {
 			return None;
 		}
 
-		let home = UrlBuf::from(dirs::home_dir().unwrap_or_default());
-		let cwd = if let Some(p) = CWD.load().strip_prefix(&home) {
+		let home = dirs::home_dir().unwrap_or_default();
+		let cwd = if let Ok(p) = CWD.load().try_strip_prefix(home) {
 			format!("~{}{}", std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR, p.display())
 		} else {
 			format!("{}", CWD.load().display())
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/open/open.rs b/yazi-config/src/open/open.rs
index 05953e16..731fcda6 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/open/open.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/open/open.rs
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ impl Open {
 		self
 			.rules
 			.iter()
-			.filter(move |&r| {
+			.find(move |&r| {
 				r.mime.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| p.match_mime(&mime))
 					|| r.url.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| p.match_url(url.as_url(), is_dir))
 			})
+			.into_iter()
 			.flat_map(|r| &r.r#use)
 			.map(String::as_str)
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/pattern.rs b/yazi-config/src/pattern.rs
index ab33b88c..acb580ce 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/pattern.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/pattern.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::{fmt::Debug, str::FromStr};
 
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
-use globset::GlobBuilder;
+use globset::{Candidate, GlobBuilder};
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::AsUrl};
+use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeKind, url::AsUrl};
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 #[serde(try_from = "String")]
@@ -33,23 +33,26 @@ impl Pattern {
 
 		if is_dir != self.is_dir {
 			return false;
-		} else if !self.scheme.matches(url.scheme) {
+		} else if !self.scheme.matches(url.kind()) {
 			return false;
 		} else if self.is_star {
 			return true;
 		}
 
 		#[cfg(unix)]
-		let path = &url.loc;
+		{
+			self.inner.is_match_candidate(&Candidate::from_bytes(url.loc().encoded_bytes()))
+		}
 
 		#[cfg(windows)]
-		let path = if self.sep_lit {
-			yazi_fs::path::backslash_to_slash(&url.loc)
+		if self.sep_lit {
+			use yazi_shared::strand::{AsStrand, StrandLike};
+			self.inner.is_match_candidate(&Candidate::from_bytes(
+				url.loc().as_strand().backslash_to_slash().encoded_bytes(),
+			))
 		} else {
-			std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(url.loc.as_path())
-		};
-
-		self.inner.is_match(path)
+			self.inner.is_match_candidate(&Candidate::from_bytes(url.loc().encoded_bytes()))
+		}
 	}
 
 	pub fn match_mime(&self, mime: impl AsRef<str>) -> bool {
@@ -144,18 +147,19 @@ impl PatternScheme {
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	fn matches(self, scheme: SchemeRef) -> bool {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-		match (self, scheme) {
+	fn matches(self, kind: SchemeKind) -> bool {
+		use SchemeKind as K;
+
+		match (self, kind) {
 			(Self::Any, _) => true,
 			(Self::Local, s) => s.is_local(),
 			(Self::Remote, s) => s.is_remote(),
 			(Self::Virtual, s) => s.is_virtual(),
 
-			(Self::Regular, S::Regular) => true,
-			(Self::Search, S::Search(_)) => true,
-			(Self::Archive, S::Archive(_)) => true,
-			(Self::Sftp, S::Sftp(_)) => true,
+			(Self::Regular, K::Regular) => true,
+			(Self::Search, K::Search) => true,
+			(Self::Archive, K::Archive) => true,
+			(Self::Sftp, K::Sftp) => true,
 
 			_ => false,
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/popup/options.rs b/yazi-config/src/popup/options.rs
index 66b45b02..55a41be1 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/popup/options.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/popup/options.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use ratatui::{text::{Line, Text}, widgets::{Paragraph, Wrap}};
-use yazi_shared::{IntoStringLossy, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{scheme::Encode as EncodeScheme, strand::ToStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf}};
 
 use super::{Offset, Position};
 use crate::YAZI;
@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ pub struct ConfirmCfg {
 }
 
 impl InputCfg {
-	pub fn cd() -> Self {
+	pub fn cd(cwd: Url) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.input.cd_title.to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.input.cd_title.clone(),
+			value: if cwd.kind().is_local() { String::new() } else { EncodeScheme(cwd).to_string() },
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.input.cd_origin, YAZI.input.cd_offset),
 			completion: true,
 			..Default::default()
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ impl InputCfg {
 
 	pub fn create(dir: bool) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.input.create_title[dir as usize].to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.input.create_title[dir as usize].clone(),
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.input.create_origin, YAZI.input.create_offset),
 			..Default::default()
 		}
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ impl InputCfg {
 
 	pub fn rename() -> Self {
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.input.rename_title.to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.input.rename_title.clone(),
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.input.rename_origin, YAZI.input.rename_offset),
 			..Default::default()
 		}
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ impl InputCfg {
 
 	pub fn filter() -> Self {
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.input.filter_title.to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.input.filter_title.clone(),
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.input.filter_origin, YAZI.input.filter_offset),
 			realtime: true,
 			..Default::default()
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ impl InputCfg {
 
 	pub fn find(prev: bool) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.input.find_title[prev as usize].to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.input.find_title[prev as usize].clone(),
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.input.find_origin, YAZI.input.find_offset),
 			realtime: true,
 			..Default::default()
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ impl InputCfg {
 
 	pub fn shell(block: bool) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.input.shell_title[block as usize].to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.input.shell_title[block as usize].clone(),
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.input.shell_origin, YAZI.input.shell_offset),
 			..Default::default()
 		}
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ impl ConfirmCfg {
 			Self::replace_number(&YAZI.confirm.trash_title, urls.len()),
 			YAZI.confirm.trash_position(),
 			None,
-			Self::truncate_list(urls.iter(), urls.len(), 100),
+			Self::truncate_list(urls, urls.len(), 100),
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -132,16 +133,16 @@ impl ConfirmCfg {
 			Self::replace_number(&YAZI.confirm.delete_title, urls.len()),
 			YAZI.confirm.delete_position(),
 			None,
-			Self::truncate_list(urls.iter(), urls.len(), 100),
+			Self::truncate_list(urls, urls.len(), 100),
 		)
 	}
 
 	pub fn overwrite(url: &UrlBuf) -> Self {
 		Self::new(
-			YAZI.confirm.overwrite_title.to_owned(),
+			YAZI.confirm.overwrite_title.clone(),
 			YAZI.confirm.overwrite_position(),
 			Some(Text::raw(&YAZI.confirm.overwrite_body)),
-			Some(url.into_string_lossy().into()),
+			Some(url.to_strand().into_string_lossy().into()),
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ impl ConfirmCfg {
 			Self::replace_number(&YAZI.confirm.quit_title, len),
 			YAZI.confirm.quit_position(),
 			Some(Text::raw(&YAZI.confirm.quit_body)),
-			Self::truncate_list(names.into_iter(), len, 10),
+			Self::truncate_list(names, len, 10),
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -158,18 +159,18 @@ impl ConfirmCfg {
 		tpl.replace("{n}", &n.to_string()).replace("{s}", if n > 1 { "s" } else { "" })
 	}
 
-	fn truncate_list(
-		it: impl Iterator<Item = impl IntoStringLossy>,
-		len: usize,
-		max: usize,
-	) -> Option<Text<'static>> {
+	fn truncate_list<I>(it: I, len: usize, max: usize) -> Option<Text<'static>>
+	where
+		I: IntoIterator,
+		I::Item: ToStrand,
+	{
 		let mut lines = Vec::with_capacity(len.min(max + 1));
-		for (i, s) in it.enumerate() {
+		for (i, s) in it.into_iter().enumerate() {
 			if i >= max {
 				lines.push(format!("... and {} more", len - max));
 				break;
 			}
-			lines.push(s.into_string_lossy());
+			lines.push(s.to_strand().into_string_lossy());
 		}
 		Some(Text::from_iter(lines))
 	}
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ impl PickCfg {
 	pub fn open(items: Vec<String>) -> Self {
 		let max_height = Self::max_height(items.len());
 		Self {
-			title: YAZI.pick.open_title.to_owned(),
+			title: YAZI.pick.open_title.clone(),
 			items,
 			position: Position::new(YAZI.pick.open_origin, Offset {
 				height: max_height,
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/preset.rs b/yazi-config/src/preset.rs
index 7c7762ef..7030e5f4 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/preset.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/preset.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Yazi, keymap::Keymap, theme::Theme};
+use crate::{Yazi, keymap::Keymap, theme::Theme, vfs::Vfs};
 
 pub(crate) struct Preset;
 
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ impl Preset {
 		})
 	}
 
+	pub(super) fn vfs() -> Result<Vfs, toml::de::Error> {
+		toml::from_str(&yazi_macro::config_preset!("vfs"))
+	}
+
 	#[inline]
 	pub(crate) fn mix<E, A, B, C>(a: A, b: B, c: C) -> impl Iterator<Item = E>
 	where
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs b/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs
index 50a02941..02e6da83 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ use std::{borrow::Cow, path::PathBuf};
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use yazi_codegen::DeserializeOver2;
-use yazi_fs::{Xdg, path::expand_url};
+use yazi_fs::Xdg;
 use yazi_shared::{SStr, timestamp_us};
 
 use super::PreviewWrap;
+use crate::normalize_path;
 
 #[rustfmt::skip]
 const TABS: &[&str] = &["", " ", "  ", "   ", "    ", "     ", "      ", "       ", "        ", "         ", "          ", "           ", "            ", "             ", "              ", "               ", "                "];
@@ -50,10 +51,10 @@ impl Preview {
 
 		self.cache_dir = if self.cache_dir.as_os_str().is_empty() {
 			Xdg::cache_dir().to_owned()
-		} else if let Some(p) = expand_url(self.cache_dir).into_path() {
+		} else if let Some(p) = normalize_path(self.cache_dir) {
 			p
 		} else {
-			bail!("[preview].cache_dir must be a path within local filesystem.");
+			bail!("[preview].cache_dir must be either empty or an absolute path.");
 		};
 
 		std::fs::create_dir_all(&self.cache_dir)
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/style.rs b/yazi-config/src/style.rs
index e2531bb0..5c2dd34a 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/style.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/style.rs
@@ -1,75 +1,86 @@
-use ratatui::style::Modifier;
-use serde::Deserialize;
+use ratatui::style::Color;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::Color;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Style {
 	pub fg:          Option<Color>,
 	pub bg:          Option<Color>,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub bold:        bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub dim:         bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub italic:      bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub underline:   bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub blink:       bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub blink_rapid: bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub reversed:    bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub hidden:      bool,
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub crossed:     bool,
+	pub bold:        Option<bool>,
+	pub dim:         Option<bool>,
+	pub italic:      Option<bool>,
+	pub underline:   Option<bool>,
+	pub blink:       Option<bool>,
+	pub blink_rapid: Option<bool>,
+	pub reversed:    Option<bool>,
+	pub hidden:      Option<bool>,
+	pub crossed:     Option<bool>,
 }
 
-impl From<Style> for ratatui::style::Style {
-	fn from(value: Style) -> Self {
+impl From<ratatui::style::Style> for Style {
+	#[rustfmt::skip]
+	fn from(value: ratatui::style::Style) -> Self {
+		use ratatui::style::Modifier as M;
+
+		let sub = value.sub_modifier;
+		let all = value.add_modifier - sub;
+
 		Self {
-			fg:              value.fg.map(Into::into),
-			bg:              value.bg.map(Into::into),
-			underline_color: None,
-			add_modifier:    value.into(),
-			sub_modifier:    Modifier::empty(),
+			fg:          value.fg,
+			bg:          value.bg,
+			bold:        if all.contains(M::BOLD) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::BOLD) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			dim:         if all.contains(M::DIM) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::DIM) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			italic:      if all.contains(M::ITALIC) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::ITALIC) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			underline:   if all.contains(M::UNDERLINED) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::UNDERLINED) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			blink:       if all.contains(M::SLOW_BLINK) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::SLOW_BLINK) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			blink_rapid: if all.contains(M::RAPID_BLINK) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::RAPID_BLINK) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			reversed:    if all.contains(M::REVERSED) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::REVERSED) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			hidden:      if all.contains(M::HIDDEN) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::HIDDEN) { Some(false) } else { None },
+			crossed:     if all.contains(M::CROSSED_OUT) { Some(true) } else if sub.contains(M::CROSSED_OUT) { Some(false) } else { None },
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl From<Style> for ratatui::style::Modifier {
+impl From<Style> for ratatui::style::Style {
+	#[rustfmt::skip]
 	fn from(value: Style) -> Self {
-		let mut modifier = Self::empty();
-		if value.bold {
-			modifier |= Self::BOLD;
+		use ratatui::style::Modifier as M;
+
+		let (mut add, mut sub) = (M::empty(), M::empty());
+		if let Some(b) = value.bold {
+			if b { add |= M::BOLD } else { sub |= M::BOLD };
 		}
-		if value.dim {
-			modifier |= Self::DIM;
+		if let Some(b) = value.dim {
+			if b { add |= M::DIM } else { sub |= M::DIM };
 		}
-		if value.italic {
-			modifier |= Self::ITALIC;
+		if let Some(b) = value.italic {
+			if b { add |= M::ITALIC } else { sub |= M::ITALIC };
 		}
-		if value.underline {
-			modifier |= Self::UNDERLINED;
+		if let Some(b) = value.underline {
+			if b { add |= M::UNDERLINED } else { sub |= M::UNDERLINED };
 		}
-		if value.blink {
-			modifier |= Self::SLOW_BLINK;
+		if let Some(b) = value.blink {
+			if b { add |= M::SLOW_BLINK } else { sub |= M::SLOW_BLINK };
 		}
-		if value.blink_rapid {
-			modifier |= Self::RAPID_BLINK;
+		if let Some(b) = value.blink_rapid {
+			if b { add |= M::RAPID_BLINK } else { sub |= M::RAPID_BLINK };
 		}
-		if value.reversed {
-			modifier |= Self::REVERSED;
+		if let Some(b) = value.reversed {
+			if b { add |= M::REVERSED } else { sub |= M::REVERSED };
 		}
-		if value.hidden {
-			modifier |= Self::HIDDEN;
+		if let Some(b) = value.hidden {
+			if b { add |= M::HIDDEN } else { sub |= M::HIDDEN };
 		}
-		if value.crossed {
-			modifier |= Self::CROSSED_OUT;
+		if let Some(b) = value.crossed {
+			if b { add |= M::CROSSED_OUT } else { sub |= M::CROSSED_OUT };
+		}
+
+		Self {
+			fg:              value.fg,
+			bg:              value.bg,
+			underline_color: None,
+			add_modifier:    add,
+			sub_modifier:    sub,
 		}
-		modifier
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/theme/icon.rs b/yazi-config/src/theme/icon.rs
index 69892c2d..e0b13699 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/theme/icon.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/theme/icon.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use ratatui::style::Color;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
 use yazi_codegen::DeserializeOver2;
 use yazi_fs::File;
 use yazi_shared::{Condition, url::UrlLike};
 
-use crate::{Color, Icon as I, Pattern, Style};
+use crate::{Icon as I, Pattern, Style};
 
 #[derive(Default, Deserialize, DeserializeOver2)]
 pub struct Icon {
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ impl Icon {
 	}
 
 	fn match_by_name(&self, file: &File) -> Option<&I> {
-		let name = file.name()?.to_str()?;
+		let name = file.name()?.to_str().ok()?;
 		if file.is_dir() {
 			self.dirs.get(name).or_else(|| self.dirs.get(&name.to_ascii_lowercase()))
 		} else {
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ impl Icon {
 	}
 
 	fn match_by_ext(&self, file: &File) -> Option<&I> {
-		let ext = file.url.ext()?.to_str()?;
+		let ext = file.url.ext()?.to_str().ok()?;
 		self.exts.get(ext).or_else(|| self.exts.get(&ext.to_ascii_lowercase()))
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/theme/theme.rs b/yazi-config/src/theme/theme.rs
index b607dbb7..57eb2a46 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/theme/theme.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/theme/theme.rs
@@ -3,29 +3,29 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow, bail};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use yazi_codegen::{DeserializeOver1, DeserializeOver2};
-use yazi_fs::{Xdg, ok_or_not_found, path::expand_url};
-use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
+use yazi_fs::{Xdg, ok_or_not_found};
 
 use super::{Filetype, Flavor, Icon};
-use crate::Style;
+use crate::{Style, normalize_path};
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, DeserializeOver1)]
 pub struct Theme {
-	pub flavor:  Flavor,
-	pub app:     App,
-	pub mgr:     Mgr,
-	pub tabs:    Tabs,
-	pub mode:    Mode,
-	pub status:  Status,
-	pub which:   Which,
-	pub confirm: Confirm,
-	pub spot:    Spot,
-	pub notify:  Notify,
-	pub pick:    Pick,
-	pub input:   Input,
-	pub cmp:     Cmp,
-	pub tasks:   Tasks,
-	pub help:    Help,
+	pub flavor:    Flavor,
+	pub app:       App,
+	pub mgr:       Mgr,
+	pub tabs:      Tabs,
+	pub mode:      Mode,
+	pub indicator: Indicator,
+	pub status:    Status,
+	pub which:     Which,
+	pub confirm:   Confirm,
+	pub spot:      Spot,
+	pub notify:    Notify,
+	pub pick:      Pick,
+	pub input:     Input,
+	pub cmp:       Cmp,
+	pub tasks:     Tasks,
+	pub help:      Help,
 
 	// File-specific styles
 	#[serde(skip_serializing)]
@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ pub struct App {
 pub struct Mgr {
 	pub cwd: Style,
 
-	// Hovered
-	pub hovered:         Style,
-	pub preview_hovered: Style,
-
 	// Find
 	pub find_keyword:  Style,
 	pub find_position: Style,
@@ -100,6 +96,20 @@ pub struct Mode {
 	pub unset_alt:  Style,
 }
 
+#[derive(Deserialize, DeserializeOver2)]
+pub struct Indicator {
+	pub parent:  Style,
+	pub current: Style,
+	pub preview: Style,
+	pub padding: IndicatorPadding,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, DeserializeOver2)]
+pub struct IndicatorPadding {
+	pub open:  String,
+	pub close: String,
+}
+
 #[derive(Deserialize, DeserializeOver2)]
 pub struct Status {
 	pub overall:   Style,
@@ -229,8 +239,8 @@ impl Theme {
 		self.mgr.syntect_theme = self
 			.flavor
 			.syntect_path(light)
-			.or_else(|| expand_url(UrlBuf::from(&self.mgr.syntect_theme)).into_path())
-			.ok_or(anyhow!("[mgr].syntect_theme must be a path within local filesystem"))?;
+			.or_else(|| normalize_path(self.mgr.syntect_theme))
+			.ok_or(anyhow!("[mgr].syntect_theme must be either empty or an absolute path."))?;
 
 		Ok(self)
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/utils.rs b/yazi-config/src/utils.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34f18bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-config/src/utils.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use yazi_fs::path::{clean_url, expand_url};
+use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
+
+pub(crate) fn normalize_path(path: PathBuf) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+	clean_url(yazi_fs::provider::local::try_absolute(expand_url(UrlBuf::from(path)))?)
+		.into_loc()
+		.into_os()
+		.ok()
+		.filter(|p| p.as_os_str().is_empty() || p.is_absolute())
+}
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/vfs/mod.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/mod.rs
index b27c77fc..363908c7 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/vfs/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/vfs/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(provider vfs);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(service services vfs);
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/vfs/provider.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/service.rs
similarity index 56%
rename from yazi-config/src/vfs/provider.rs
rename to yazi-config/src/vfs/service.rs
index 841b47a6..1273b950 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/vfs/provider.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/vfs/service.rs
@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
-use std::{io, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{io, mem, path::PathBuf};
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use yazi_fs::path::expand_url;
+
+use crate::normalize_path;
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "kebab-case")]
-pub enum Provider {
-	Sftp(ProviderSftp),
+pub enum Service {
+	Sftp(ServiceSftp),
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<&'static Provider> for &'static ProviderSftp {
+impl TryFrom<&'static Service> for &'static ServiceSftp {
 	type Error = &'static str;
 
-	fn try_from(value: &'static Provider) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+	fn try_from(value: &'static Service) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
 		match value {
-			Provider::Sftp(p) => Ok(p),
+			Service::Sftp(p) => Ok(p),
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl Provider {
+impl Service {
 	pub(super) fn reshape(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Sftp(p) => p.reshape(),
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@ impl Provider {
 }
 
 // --- SFTP
-#[derive(Deserialize, Hash, Serialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub struct ProviderSftp {
+#[derive(Deserialize, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+pub struct ServiceSftp {
 	pub host:           String,
 	pub user:           String,
 	pub port:           u16,
@@ -41,12 +42,11 @@ pub struct ProviderSftp {
 	pub identity_agent: PathBuf,
 }
 
-impl ProviderSftp {
+impl ServiceSftp {
 	fn reshape(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
 		if !self.key_file.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-			self.key_file = expand_url(&self.key_file)
-				.into_path()
-				.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("key_file must be a path within local filesystem"))?;
+			self.key_file = normalize_path(mem::take(&mut self.key_file))
+				.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("key_file must be either empty or an absolute path"))?;
 		}
 
 		self.identity_agent = if self.identity_agent.as_os_str().is_empty() {
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ impl ProviderSftp {
 				.filter(|p| p.is_absolute())
 				.unwrap_or_default()
 		} else {
-			expand_url(&self.identity_agent)
-				.into_path()
-				.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("identity_agent must be a path within local filesystem"))?
+			normalize_path(mem::take(&mut self.identity_agent)).ok_or_else(|| {
+				io::Error::other("identity_agent must be either empty or an absolute path")
+			})?
 		};
 
 		Ok(())
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/vfs/services.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/services.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e8814a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-config/src/vfs/services.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::vfs::Service;
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct Services(HashMap<String, Service>);
+
+impl Deref for Services {
+	type Target = HashMap<String, Service>;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 }
+}
+
+impl Services {
+	pub(super) fn reshape(mut self) -> Result<Self> {
+		for (name, service) in &mut self.0 {
+			if name.is_empty() || name.len() > 20 {
+				bail!("VFS name `{name}` must be between 1 and 20 characters");
+			} else if !name.bytes().all(|b| matches!(b, b'0'..=b'9' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'-')) {
+				bail!("VFS name `{name}` must be in kebab-case");
+			}
+
+			service.reshape()?;
+		}
+
+		Ok(self)
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn deserialize_over<'de, D>(mut self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+	where
+		D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+	{
+		let map: HashMap<String, Service> = HashMap::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+		self.0.extend(map);
+
+		Ok(self)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/vfs/vfs.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/vfs.rs
index 3459ad82..7a405252 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/vfs/vfs.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/vfs/vfs.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 use std::io;
 
-use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
-use yazi_fs::Xdg;
-use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
+use yazi_codegen::DeserializeOver1;
+use yazi_fs::{Xdg, ok_or_not_found};
 
-use super::Provider;
+use super::Service;
+use crate::{Preset, vfs::Services};
 
-#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, DeserializeOver1)]
 pub struct Vfs {
-	pub providers: HashMap<String, Provider>,
+	pub services: Services,
 }
 
 impl Vfs {
@@ -19,45 +20,33 @@ impl Vfs {
 
 		async fn init() -> io::Result<Vfs> {
 			tokio::task::spawn_blocking(|| {
-				toml::from_str::<Vfs>(&Vfs::read()?).map_err(io::Error::other)?.reshape()
+				Preset::vfs()?.deserialize_over(toml::Deserializer::parse(&Vfs::read()?)?)?.reshape()
 			})
 			.await?
+			.map_err(io::Error::other)
 		}
 
 		LOADED.get_or_try_init(init).await
 	}
 
-	pub async fn provider<'a, P>(name: &str) -> io::Result<(&'a str, P)>
+	pub async fn service<'a, P>(name: &str) -> io::Result<(&'a str, P)>
 	where
-		P: TryFrom<&'a Provider, Error = &'static str>,
+		P: TryFrom<&'a Service, Error = &'static str>,
 	{
-		let Some((key, value)) = Self::load().await?.providers.get_key_value(name) else {
-			return Err(io::Error::other(format!("No such VFS provider: {name}")));
+		let Some((key, value)) = Self::load().await?.services.get_key_value(name) else {
+			return Err(io::Error::other(format!("No such VFS service: {name}")));
 		};
 		match value.try_into() {
 			Ok(p) => Ok((key.as_str(), p)),
-			Err(e) => Err(io::Error::other(format!("VFS provider `{key}` has wrong type: {e}"))),
+			Err(e) => Err(io::Error::other(format!("VFS service `{key}` has wrong type: {e}"))),
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn read() -> io::Result<String> {
+	fn read() -> Result<String> {
 		let p = Xdg::config_dir().join("vfs.toml");
-		Ok(ok_or_not_found!(std::fs::read_to_string(&p).map_err(|e| {
-			std::io::Error::new(e.kind(), format!("Failed to read VFS config {p:?}: {e}"))
-		})))
+		ok_or_not_found(std::fs::read_to_string(&p))
+			.with_context(|| format!("Failed to read config {p:?}"))
 	}
 
-	fn reshape(mut self) -> io::Result<Self> {
-		for (name, provider) in &mut self.providers {
-			if name.is_empty() || name.len() > 20 {
-				Err(io::Error::other(format!("VFS name `{name}` must be between 1 and 20 characters")))?;
-			} else if !name.bytes().all(|b| matches!(b, b'0'..=b'9' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'-')) {
-				Err(io::Error::other(format!("VFS name `{name}` must be in kebab-case")))?;
-			}
-
-			provider.reshape()?;
-		}
-
-		Ok(self)
-	}
+	fn reshape(self) -> Result<Self> { Ok(Self { services: self.services.reshape()? }) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/which/sorting.rs b/yazi-config/src/which/sorting.rs
index 2a4c475a..8c81be8b 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/which/sorting.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/which/sorting.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 pub enum SortBy {
 	#[default]
diff --git a/yazi-core/Cargo.toml b/yazi-core/Cargo.toml
index 0a0106a8..9bd7072e 100644
--- a/yazi-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-core"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,20 +8,23 @@ description = "Yazi core logic"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-adapter   = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config    = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds       = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs        = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro     = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser    = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-plugin    = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-proxy     = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-scheduler = { path = "../yazi-scheduler", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared    = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs       = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-watcher   = { path = "../yazi-watcher", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-widgets   = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-adapter   = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config    = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds       = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs        = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro     = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser    = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-plugin    = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-proxy     = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-scheduler = { path = "../yazi-scheduler", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared    = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs       = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-watcher   = { path = "../yazi-watcher", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-widgets   = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow        = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-core/README.md b/yazi-core/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2485ec26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-core/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-core
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/lib.rs b/yazi-core/src/lib.rs
index a9b8257a..b95d01c7 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(
-	clippy::if_same_then_else,
-	clippy::len_without_is_empty,
-	clippy::option_map_unit_fn,
-	clippy::unit_arg
-)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(cmp confirm help input mgr notify pick spot tab tasks which);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(core);
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/finder.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/finder.rs
index 4ba100f7..506eb86e 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/finder.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/finder.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use yazi_fs::{Files, Filter, FilterCase};
-use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPathDyn, PathBufDyn, PathLike}, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, url::UrlBuf};
 
 use crate::tab::Folder;
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl Finder {
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			self.matched.insert(file.urn().owned(), i);
+			self.matched.insert(file.urn().into(), i);
 			if self.matched.len() > 99 {
 				break;
 			}
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ impl Finder {
 impl Finder {
 	pub fn matched_idx<T>(&self, folder: &Folder, urn: T) -> Option<u8>
 	where
-		T: AsPathDyn,
+		T: AsPath,
 	{
-		if self.lock == *folder { self.matched.get(&urn.as_path_dyn()).copied() } else { None }
+		if self.lock == *folder { self.matched.get(&urn.as_path()).copied() } else { None }
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs
index 51eabad5..41da80b7 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use yazi_fs::{File, Files, FilesOp, FolderStage, cha::Cha};
 use yazi_macro::err;
 use yazi_parser::Step;
 use yazi_proxy::MgrProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, path::{PathBufDyn, PathBufLike, PathDyn, PathLike}, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn, PathDyn}, url::UrlBuf};
 use yazi_widgets::Scrollable;
 
 pub struct Folder {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl Folder {
 			self.scroll(step)
 		};
 
-		self.trace = self.hovered().filter(|_| b).map(|h| h.urn().owned()).or(self.trace.take());
+		self.trace = self.hovered().filter(|_| b).map(|h| h.urn().into()).or(self.trace.take());
 		b |= self.squeeze_offset();
 
 		self.sync_page(false);
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Folder {
 		if let Some(u) = urn {
 			self.hover(u)
 		} else if let Some(u) = &self.trace {
-			self.hover(u.clone().borrow())
+			self.hover(u.clone().as_path())
 		} else {
 			self.arrow(0)
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/preference.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/preference.rs
index c6ebf35e..275cd40c 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/preference.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/preference.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Default for Preference {
 			sort_translit:  YAZI.mgr.sort_translit.get(),
 
 			// Display
-			linemode:    YAZI.mgr.linemode.to_owned(),
+			linemode:    YAZI.mgr.linemode.clone(),
 			show_hidden: YAZI.mgr.show_hidden.get(),
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs
index 3cfd7ec5..cc7143cb 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use yazi_fs::{File, Files, FilesOp, cha::Cha};
 use yazi_macro::render;
 use yazi_parser::mgr::PreviewLock;
 use yazi_plugin::{external::Highlighter, isolate};
-use yazi_shared::{pool::Symbol, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{pool::Symbol, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::{VfsFiles, VfsFilesOp};
 
 #[derive(Default)]
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs
index 87951a92..f5272908 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs
@@ -142,23 +142,16 @@ impl Selected {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-	use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeCow, url::UrlCow};
+	use std::path::Path;
 
 	use super::*;
 
-	fn url(s: &str) -> Url<'_> {
-		match UrlCow::try_from(s).unwrap() {
-			UrlCow::Borrowed { loc, scheme: SchemeCow::Borrowed(scheme) } => Url { loc, scheme },
-			_ => unreachable!(),
-		}
-	}
-
 	#[test]
 	fn test_insert_non_conflicting() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		assert!(s.add(url("/a/b")));
-		assert!(s.add(url("/c/d")));
+		assert!(s.add(Path::new("/a/b")));
+		assert!(s.add(Path::new("/c/d")));
 		assert_eq!(s.inner.len(), 2);
 	}
 
@@ -166,27 +159,27 @@ mod tests {
 	fn test_insert_conflicting_parent() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		assert!(s.add(url("/a")));
-		assert!(!s.add(url("/a/b")));
+		assert!(s.add(Path::new("/a")));
+		assert!(!s.add(Path::new("/a/b")));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn test_insert_conflicting_child() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		assert!(s.add(url("/a/b/c")));
-		assert!(!s.add(url("/a/b")));
-		assert!(s.add(url("/a/b/d")));
+		assert!(s.add(Path::new("/a/b/c")));
+		assert!(!s.add(Path::new("/a/b")));
+		assert!(s.add(Path::new("/a/b/d")));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn test_remove() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		assert!(s.add(url("/a/b")));
-		assert!(!s.remove(url("/a/c")));
-		assert!(s.remove(url("/a/b")));
-		assert!(!s.remove(url("/a/b")));
+		assert!(s.add(Path::new("/a/b")));
+		assert!(!s.remove(Path::new("/a/c")));
+		assert!(s.remove(Path::new("/a/b")));
+		assert!(!s.remove(Path::new("/a/b")));
 		assert!(s.inner.is_empty());
 		assert!(s.parents.is_empty());
 	}
@@ -197,7 +190,11 @@ mod tests {
 
 		assert_eq!(
 			3,
-			s.add_same([url("/parent/child1"), url("/parent/child2"), url("/parent/child3")])
+			s.add_same([
+				Path::new("/parent/child1"),
+				Path::new("/parent/child2"),
+				Path::new("/parent/child3")
+			])
 		);
 	}
 
@@ -205,16 +202,16 @@ mod tests {
 	fn insert_many_with_existing_parent_fails() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		s.add(url("/parent"));
-		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([url("/parent/child1"), url("/parent/child2")]));
+		s.add(Path::new("/parent"));
+		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([Path::new("/parent/child1"), Path::new("/parent/child2")]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn insert_many_with_existing_child_fails() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		s.add(url("/parent/child1"));
-		assert_eq!(2, s.add_same([url("/parent/child1"), url("/parent/child2")]));
+		s.add(Path::new("/parent/child1"));
+		assert_eq!(2, s.add_same([Path::new("/parent/child1"), Path::new("/parent/child2")]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
@@ -228,48 +225,51 @@ mod tests {
 	fn insert_many_with_parent_as_child_of_another_url() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		s.add(url("/parent/child"));
-		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([url("/parent/child/child1"), url("/parent/child/child2")]));
+		s.add(Path::new("/parent/child"));
+		assert_eq!(
+			0,
+			s.add_same([Path::new("/parent/child/child1"), Path::new("/parent/child/child2")])
+		);
 	}
 	#[test]
 	fn insert_many_with_direct_parent_fails() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		s.add(url("/a"));
-		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([url("/a/b")]));
+		s.add(Path::new("/a"));
+		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([Path::new("/a/b")]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn insert_many_with_nested_child_fails() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		s.add(url("/a/b"));
-		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([url("/a")]));
-		assert_eq!(1, s.add_same([url("/b"), url("/a")]));
+		s.add(Path::new("/a/b"));
+		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([Path::new("/a")]));
+		assert_eq!(1, s.add_same([Path::new("/b"), Path::new("/a")]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn insert_many_sibling_directories_success() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		assert_eq!(2, s.add_same([url("/a/b"), url("/a/c")]));
+		assert_eq!(2, s.add_same([Path::new("/a/b"), Path::new("/a/c")]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn insert_many_with_grandchild_fails() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		s.add(url("/a/b"));
-		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([url("/a/b/c")]));
+		s.add(Path::new("/a/b"));
+		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same([Path::new("/a/b/c")]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn test_insert_many_with_remove() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		let child1 = url("/parent/child1");
-		let child2 = url("/parent/child2");
-		let child3 = url("/parent/child3");
+		let child1 = Path::new("/parent/child1");
+		let child2 = Path::new("/parent/child2");
+		let child3 = Path::new("/parent/child3");
 		assert_eq!(3, s.add_same([child1, child2, child3]));
 
 		assert!(s.remove(child1));
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tasks/file.rs b/yazi-core/src/tasks/file.rs
index b4033d36..1935a014 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tasks/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tasks/file.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ use crate::mgr::Yanked;
 impl Tasks {
 	pub fn file_cut(&self, src: &Yanked, dest: &UrlBuf, force: bool) {
 		for u in src.iter() {
-			let to = dest.join(u.name().unwrap());
+			let Some(Ok(to)) = u.name().map(|n| dest.try_join(n)) else {
+				debug!("file_cut: cannot join {u:?} with {dest:?}");
+				continue;
+			};
 			if force && *u == to {
-				debug!("file_cut: same file, skipping {:?}", to);
+				debug!("file_cut: same file, skip {to:?}");
 			} else {
 				self.scheduler.file_cut(u.0.clone(), to, force);
 			}
@@ -19,9 +22,12 @@ impl Tasks {
 
 	pub fn file_copy(&self, src: &Yanked, dest: &UrlBuf, force: bool, follow: bool) {
 		for u in src.iter() {
-			let to = dest.join(u.name().unwrap());
+			let Some(Ok(to)) = u.name().map(|n| dest.try_join(n)) else {
+				debug!("file_copy: cannot join {u:?} with {dest:?}");
+				continue;
+			};
 			if force && *u == to {
-				debug!("file_copy: same file, skipping {:?}", to);
+				debug!("file_copy: same file, skip {to:?}");
 			} else {
 				self.scheduler.file_copy(u.0.clone(), to, force, follow);
 			}
@@ -30,9 +36,12 @@ impl Tasks {
 
 	pub fn file_link(&self, src: &HashSet<UrlBufCov>, dest: &UrlBuf, relative: bool, force: bool) {
 		for u in src {
-			let to = dest.join(u.name().unwrap());
+			let Some(Ok(to)) = u.name().map(|n| dest.try_join(n)) else {
+				debug!("file_link: cannot join {u:?} with {dest:?}");
+				continue;
+			};
 			if force && *u == to {
-				debug!("file_link: same file, skipping {:?}", to);
+				debug!("file_link: same file, skip {to:?}");
 			} else {
 				self.scheduler.file_link(u.0.clone(), to, relative, force);
 			}
@@ -41,9 +50,12 @@ impl Tasks {
 
 	pub fn file_hardlink(&self, src: &HashSet<UrlBufCov>, dest: &UrlBuf, force: bool, follow: bool) {
 		for u in src {
-			let to = dest.join(u.name().unwrap());
+			let Some(Ok(to)) = u.name().map(|n| dest.try_join(n)) else {
+				debug!("file_hardlink: cannot join {u:?} with {dest:?}");
+				continue;
+			};
 			if force && *u == to {
-				debug!("file_hardlink: same file, skipping {:?}", to);
+				debug!("file_hardlink: same file, skip {to:?}");
 			} else {
 				self.scheduler.file_hardlink(u.0.clone(), to, force, follow);
 			}
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tasks/plugin.rs b/yazi-core/src/tasks/plugin.rs
index b3f3558f..d8fd904f 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tasks/plugin.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tasks/plugin.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,5 @@ use yazi_parser::app::PluginOpt;
 use super::Tasks;
 
 impl Tasks {
-	pub fn plugin_micro(&self, opt: PluginOpt) { self.scheduler.plugin_micro(opt); }
-
-	pub fn plugin_macro(&self, opt: PluginOpt) { self.scheduler.plugin_macro(opt); }
+	pub fn plugin_entry(&self, opt: PluginOpt) { self.scheduler.plugin_entry(opt); }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tasks/prework.rs b/yazi-core/src/tasks/prework.rs
index 096caf56..c9f6c15a 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tasks/prework.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tasks/prework.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::mgr::Mimetype;
 
 impl Tasks {
 	pub fn fetch_paged(&self, paged: &[File], mimetype: &Mimetype) {
-		let mut loaded = self.scheduler.prework.loaded.lock();
+		let mut loaded = self.scheduler.runner.prework.loaded.lock();
 		let mut tasks: [Vec<_>; MAX_PREWORKERS as usize] = Default::default();
 		for f in paged {
 			let hash = f.hash_u64();
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ impl Tasks {
 		drop(loaded);
 		for (i, tasks) in tasks.into_iter().enumerate() {
 			if !tasks.is_empty() {
-				self.scheduler.fetch_paged(&YAZI.plugin.fetchers[i], tasks, None);
+				self.scheduler.fetch_paged(&YAZI.plugin.fetchers[i], tasks);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	pub fn preload_paged(&self, paged: &[File], mimetype: &Mimetype) {
-		let mut loaded = self.scheduler.prework.loaded.lock();
+		let mut loaded = self.scheduler.runner.prework.loaded.lock();
 		for f in paged {
 			let hash = f.hash_u64();
 			for p in YAZI.plugin.preloaders(f, mimetype.get(&f.url).unwrap_or_default()) {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl Tasks {
 		}
 
 		let targets: Vec<_> = {
-			let loading = self.scheduler.prework.sizing.read();
+			let loading = self.scheduler.runner.prework.sizing.read();
 			targets
 				.iter()
 				.filter(|f| {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl Tasks {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		let mut loading = self.scheduler.prework.sizing.write();
+		let mut loading = self.scheduler.runner.prework.sizing.write();
 		for &target in &targets {
 			loading.insert(target.clone());
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-dds/Cargo.toml b/yazi-dds/Cargo.toml
index 4bff6675..8a4f3aeb 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-dds/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-dds"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,17 +8,20 @@ description = "Yazi data distribution service"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [features]
 default      = [ "vendored-lua" ]
 vendored-lua = [ "mlua/vendored" ]
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow        = { workspace = true }
@@ -31,7 +34,6 @@ serde         = { workspace = true }
 serde_json    = { workspace = true }
 tokio         = { workspace = true }
 tokio-stream  = { workspace = true }
-tokio-util    = { workspace = true }
 tracing       = { workspace = true }
 
 [build-dependencies]
diff --git a/yazi-dds/README.md b/yazi-dds/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b60b5478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-dds/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-dds
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/ember/bulk.rs b/yazi-dds/src/ember/bulk.rs
index c4482b55..53343f8e 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/ember/bulk.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/ember/bulk.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, Value};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
+use yazi_shared::url::{Url, UrlCow};
 
 use super::Ember;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct EmberBulk<'a> {
-	pub changes: HashMap<Cow<'a, UrlBuf>, Cow<'a, UrlBuf>>,
+	pub changes: HashMap<UrlCow<'a>, UrlCow<'a>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> EmberBulk<'a> {
 	pub fn borrowed<I>(changes: I) -> Ember<'a>
 	where
-		I: Iterator<Item = (&'a UrlBuf, &'a UrlBuf)>,
+		I: Iterator<Item = (Url<'a>, Url<'a>)>,
 	{
 		Self { changes: changes.map(|(from, to)| (from.into(), to.into())).collect() }.into()
 	}
@@ -24,10 +22,12 @@ impl<'a> EmberBulk<'a> {
 impl EmberBulk<'static> {
 	pub fn owned<'a, I>(changes: I) -> Ember<'static>
 	where
-		I: Iterator<Item = (&'a UrlBuf, &'a UrlBuf)>,
+		I: Iterator<Item = (Url<'a>, Url<'a>)>,
 	{
-		Self { changes: changes.map(|(from, to)| (from.clone().into(), to.clone().into())).collect() }
-			.into()
+		Self {
+			changes: changes.map(|(from, to)| (from.to_owned().into(), to.to_owned().into())).collect(),
+		}
+		.into()
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/ember/duplicate.rs b/yazi-dds/src/ember/duplicate.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c41b83f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/ember/duplicate.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, Value};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
+
+use super::Ember;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct EmberDuplicate<'a> {
+	pub items: Cow<'a, Vec<BodyDuplicateItem>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> EmberDuplicate<'a> {
+	pub fn borrowed(items: &'a Vec<BodyDuplicateItem>) -> Ember<'a> {
+		Self { items: Cow::Borrowed(items) }.into()
+	}
+}
+
+impl EmberDuplicate<'static> {
+	pub fn owned(items: Vec<BodyDuplicateItem>) -> Ember<'static> {
+		Self { items: Cow::Owned(items) }.into()
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<EmberDuplicate<'a>> for Ember<'a> {
+	fn from(value: EmberDuplicate<'a>) -> Self { Self::Duplicate(value) }
+}
+
+impl IntoLua for EmberDuplicate<'_> {
+	fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+		lua.create_table_from([("items", self.items.into_owned())])?.into_lua(lua)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Item
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct BodyDuplicateItem {
+	pub from: UrlBuf,
+	pub to:   UrlBuf,
+}
+
+impl IntoLua for BodyDuplicateItem {
+	fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+		lua
+			.create_table_from([
+				("from", yazi_binding::Url::new(self.from)),
+				("to", yazi_binding::Url::new(self.to)),
+			])?
+			.into_lua(lua)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/ember/ember.rs b/yazi-dds/src/ember/ember.rs
index b71d7d6a..b7e07860 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/ember/ember.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/ember/ember.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use mlua::{ExternalResult, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
 use yazi_shared::Id;
 
-use super::{EmberBulk, EmberBye, EmberCd, EmberCustom, EmberDelete, EmberHey, EmberHi, EmberHover, EmberLoad, EmberMount, EmberMove, EmberRename, EmberTab, EmberTrash, EmberYank};
+use super::{EmberBulk, EmberBye, EmberCd, EmberCustom, EmberDelete, EmberDuplicate, EmberHey, EmberHi, EmberHover, EmberLoad, EmberMount, EmberMove, EmberRename, EmberTab, EmberTrash, EmberYank};
 use crate::Payload;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ pub enum Ember<'a> {
 	Rename(EmberRename<'a>),
 	Bulk(EmberBulk<'a>),
 	Yank(EmberYank<'a>),
+	Duplicate(EmberDuplicate<'a>),
 	Move(EmberMove<'a>),
 	Trash(EmberTrash<'a>),
 	Delete(EmberDelete<'a>),
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ impl Ember<'static> {
 			"rename" => Self::Rename(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
 			"bulk" => Self::Bulk(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
 			"@yank" => Self::Yank(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
+			"duplicate" => Self::Duplicate(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
 			"move" => Self::Move(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
 			"trash" => Self::Trash(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
 			"delete" => Self::Delete(serde_json::from_str(body)?),
@@ -63,16 +65,15 @@ impl Ember<'static> {
 				| "rename"
 				| "bulk"
 				| "@yank"
+				| "duplicate"
 				| "move"
 				| "trash"
 				| "delete"
 				| "mount"
-		) || kind.starts_with("emit-")
-			|| kind.starts_with("emit-ind-")
+		) || kind.starts_with("key-")
 			|| kind.starts_with("ind-")
-			|| kind.starts_with("key-")
+			|| kind.starts_with("emit-")
 			|| kind.starts_with("relay-")
-			|| kind.starts_with("relay-ind-")
 		{
 			bail!("Cannot construct system event");
 		}
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ impl<'a> Ember<'a> {
 			Self::Rename(_) => "rename",
 			Self::Bulk(_) => "bulk",
 			Self::Yank(_) => "@yank",
+			Self::Duplicate(_) => "duplicate",
 			Self::Move(_) => "move",
 			Self::Trash(_) => "trash",
 			Self::Delete(_) => "delete",
@@ -130,6 +132,7 @@ impl<'a> IntoLua for Ember<'a> {
 			Self::Rename(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Bulk(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Yank(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::Duplicate(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Move(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Trash(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Delete(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/ember/mod.rs b/yazi-dds/src/ember/mod.rs
index cf313417..d6be0cc9 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/ember/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/ember/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(
-	bulk bye cd custom delete ember hey hi hover load mount r#move rename tab trash yank
+	bulk bye cd custom delete duplicate ember hey hi hover load mount r#move rename tab trash yank
 );
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/lib.rs b/yazi-dds/src/lib.rs
index 095e15bb..652bf3c9 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn)]
-
 mod macros;
 
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(ember spark);
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/macros.rs b/yazi-dds/src/macros.rs
index 97ec0a31..7cd44a8f 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/macros.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/macros.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ macro_rules! spark {
 		}
 	};
 	($layer:ident : $name:ident, $body:expr) => {
-		$crate::spark::Spark::Void(yazi_parser::VoidOpt)
-		// paste::paste! {
-		// 	$crate::body::Body::[<Key $layer:camel $name:camel>]($body)
-		// }
+		paste::paste! {
+			$crate::spark::Spark::[<$layer:camel $name:camel>]($body.into())
+		}
 	};
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/payload.rs b/yazi-dds/src/payload.rs
index d3e5f830..caedd655 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/payload.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/payload.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ impl Display for Payload<'_> {
 			Ember::Rename(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
 			Ember::Bulk(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
 			Ember::Yank(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
+			Ember::Duplicate(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
 			Ember::Move(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
 			Ember::Trash(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
 			Ember::Delete(b) => serde_json::to_string(b),
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs b/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs
index 1d3d945e..e51f78d3 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use mlua::Function;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use yazi_boot::BOOT;
 use yazi_fs::FolderStage;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, RoCell, url::{UrlBuf, UrlBufCov}};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, RoCell, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlBufCov}};
 
-use crate::{Client, ID, PEERS, ember::{BodyMoveItem, Ember, EmberBulk, EmberHi}};
+use crate::{Client, ID, PEERS, ember::{BodyDuplicateItem, BodyMoveItem, Ember, EmberBulk, EmberHi}};
 
 pub static LOCAL: RoCell<RwLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<String, Function>>>> = RoCell::new();
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl Pubsub {
 
 	pub fn pub_after_bulk<'a, I>(changes: I) -> Result<()>
 	where
-		I: Iterator<Item = (&'a UrlBuf, &'a UrlBuf)> + Clone,
+		I: Iterator<Item = (Url<'a>, Url<'a>)> + Clone,
 	{
 		if BOOT.local_events.contains("bulk") {
 			EmberBulk::borrowed(changes.clone()).with_receiver(*ID).flush()?;
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ impl Pubsub {
 
 	pub_after!(@yank(cut: bool, urls: &HashSet<UrlBufCov>), (cut, urls));
 
+	pub_after!(duplicate(items: Vec<BodyDuplicateItem>), (&items), (items));
+
 	pub_after!(move(items: Vec<BodyMoveItem>), (&items), (items));
 
 	pub_after!(trash(urls: Vec<UrlBuf>), (&urls), (urls));
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/pump.rs b/yazi-dds/src/pump.rs
index 6550da09..63aa2050 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/pump.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/pump.rs
@@ -1,51 +1,65 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use tokio::{pin, select, sync::mpsc};
 use tokio_stream::{StreamExt, wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream};
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use yazi_macro::err;
 use yazi_shared::{RoCell, url::UrlBuf};
 
-use crate::{Pubsub, ember::BodyMoveItem};
+use crate::{Pubsub, ember::{BodyDuplicateItem, BodyMoveItem}};
 
-static CT: RoCell<CancellationToken> = RoCell::new();
-static MOVE_TX: Mutex<Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<BodyMoveItem>>> = Mutex::new(None);
-static TRASH_TX: Mutex<Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<UrlBuf>>> = Mutex::new(None);
-static DELETE_TX: Mutex<Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<UrlBuf>>> = Mutex::new(None);
+static DUPLICATE_TX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedSender<BodyDuplicateItem>> = RoCell::new();
+static MOVE_TX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedSender<BodyMoveItem>> = RoCell::new();
+static TRASH_TX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedSender<UrlBuf>> = RoCell::new();
+static DELETE_TX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedSender<UrlBuf>> = RoCell::new();
+static SHUTDOWN_TX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedSender<()>> = RoCell::new();
 
 pub struct Pump;
 
 impl Pump {
-	pub fn push_move(from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf) {
-		if let Some(tx) = &*MOVE_TX.lock() {
-			tx.send(BodyMoveItem { from, to }).ok();
-		}
+	pub fn push_duplicate<U>(from: U, to: U)
+	where
+		U: Into<UrlBuf>,
+	{
+		DUPLICATE_TX.send(BodyDuplicateItem { from: from.into(), to: to.into() }).ok();
 	}
 
-	pub fn push_trash(target: UrlBuf) {
-		if let Some(tx) = &*TRASH_TX.lock() {
-			tx.send(target).ok();
-		}
+	pub fn push_move<U>(from: U, to: U)
+	where
+		U: Into<UrlBuf>,
+	{
+		MOVE_TX.send(BodyMoveItem { from: from.into(), to: to.into() }).ok();
 	}
 
-	pub fn push_delete(target: UrlBuf) {
-		if let Some(tx) = &*DELETE_TX.lock() {
-			tx.send(target).ok();
-		}
+	pub fn push_trash<U>(target: U)
+	where
+		U: Into<UrlBuf>,
+	{
+		TRASH_TX.send(target.into()).ok();
+	}
+
+	pub fn push_delete<U>(target: U)
+	where
+		U: Into<UrlBuf>,
+	{
+		DELETE_TX.send(target.into()).ok();
 	}
 
 	pub(super) fn serve() {
 		let (move_tx, move_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+		let (duplicate_tx, duplicate_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 		let (trash_tx, trash_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 		let (delete_tx, delete_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+		let (shutdown_tx, mut shutdown_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 
-		CT.with(<_>::default);
-		MOVE_TX.lock().replace(move_tx);
-		TRASH_TX.lock().replace(trash_tx);
-		DELETE_TX.lock().replace(delete_tx);
+		DUPLICATE_TX.init(duplicate_tx);
+		MOVE_TX.init(move_tx);
+		TRASH_TX.init(trash_tx);
+		DELETE_TX.init(delete_tx);
+		SHUTDOWN_TX.init(shutdown_tx);
 
 		tokio::spawn(async move {
+			let duplicate_rx =
+				UnboundedReceiverStream::new(duplicate_rx).chunks_timeout(1000, Duration::from_millis(500));
 			let move_rx =
 				UnboundedReceiverStream::new(move_rx).chunks_timeout(1000, Duration::from_millis(500));
 			let trash_rx =
@@ -53,28 +67,28 @@ impl Pump {
 			let delete_rx =
 				UnboundedReceiverStream::new(delete_rx).chunks_timeout(1000, Duration::from_millis(500));
 
+			pin!(duplicate_rx);
 			pin!(move_rx);
 			pin!(trash_rx);
 			pin!(delete_rx);
 
 			loop {
 				select! {
+					Some(items) = duplicate_rx.next() => err!(Pubsub::pub_after_duplicate(items)),
 					Some(items) = move_rx.next() => err!(Pubsub::pub_after_move(items)),
 					Some(urls) = trash_rx.next() => err!(Pubsub::pub_after_trash(urls)),
 					Some(urls) = delete_rx.next() => err!(Pubsub::pub_after_delete(urls)),
-					else => {
-						CT.cancel();
+					_ = shutdown_rx.recv() => {
+						shutdown_rx.close();
 						break;
-					},
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		});
 	}
 
 	pub(super) async fn shutdown() {
-		drop(MOVE_TX.lock().take());
-		drop(TRASH_TX.lock().take());
-		drop(DELETE_TX.lock().take());
-		CT.cancelled().await;
+		SHUTDOWN_TX.send(()).ok();
+		SHUTDOWN_TX.closed().await;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/sendable.rs b/yazi-dds/src/sendable.rs
index c04b6af7..0fa95ff3 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/sendable.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/sendable.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Sendable {
 					Data::Url(ud.take::<yazi_binding::Url>()?.into())
 				}
 				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<yazi_binding::Path>() => {
-					Data::Path(ud.take::<yazi_binding::Path>()?.0)
+					Data::Path(ud.take::<yazi_binding::Path>()?.into())
 				}
 				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<yazi_binding::Id>() => {
 					Data::Id(**ud.borrow::<yazi_binding::Id>()?)
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl Sendable {
 			Data::Boolean(b) => Value::Boolean(*b),
 			Data::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
 			Data::Number(n) => Value::Number(*n),
-			Data::String(s) => Value::String(lua.create_string(s.as_ref())?),
+			Data::String(s) => Value::String(lua.create_string(&**s)?),
 			Data::List(l) => {
 				let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(l.len());
 				for v in l {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl Sendable {
 				Value::Table(tbl)
 			}
 			Data::Id(i) => yazi_binding::Id(*i).into_lua(lua)?,
-			Data::Url(u) => yazi_binding::Url::new(u.clone()).into_lua(lua)?,
+			Data::Url(u) => yazi_binding::Url::new(u).into_lua(lua)?,
 			Data::Path(u) => yazi_binding::Path::new(u).into_lua(lua)?,
 			Data::Bytes(b) => Value::String(lua.create_string(b)?),
 			Data::Any(a) => {
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ impl Sendable {
 			match k {
 				DataKey::Integer(i) => tbl.raw_set(i + 1, Self::data_to_value_ref(lua, v)?),
 				DataKey::String(s) => {
-					tbl.raw_set(replace_cow(s.as_ref(), "-", "_"), Self::data_to_value_ref(lua, v)?)
+					tbl.raw_set(replace_cow(&**s, "-", "_"), Self::data_to_value_ref(lua, v)?)
 				}
 				_ => Err("invalid key in Data".into_lua_err()),
 			}?;
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ impl Sendable {
 					DataKey::Url(ud.take::<yazi_binding::Url>()?.into())
 				}
 				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<yazi_binding::Path>() => {
-					DataKey::Path(ud.take::<yazi_binding::Path>()?.0)
+					DataKey::Path(ud.take::<yazi_binding::Path>()?.into())
 				}
 				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<yazi_binding::Id>() => {
 					DataKey::Id(**ud.borrow::<yazi_binding::Id>()?)
@@ -241,9 +241,9 @@ impl Sendable {
 			DataKey::Boolean(b) => Value::Boolean(*b),
 			DataKey::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
 			DataKey::Number(n) => Value::Number(n.0),
-			DataKey::String(s) => Value::String(lua.create_string(s.as_ref())?),
+			DataKey::String(s) => Value::String(lua.create_string(&**s)?),
 			DataKey::Id(i) => yazi_binding::Id(*i).into_lua(lua)?,
-			DataKey::Url(u) => yazi_binding::Url::new(u.clone()).into_lua(lua)?,
+			DataKey::Url(u) => yazi_binding::Url::new(u).into_lua(lua)?,
 			DataKey::Path(u) => yazi_binding::Path::new(u).into_lua(lua)?,
 			DataKey::Bytes(b) => Value::String(lua.create_string(b)?),
 		})
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/spark/kind.rs b/yazi-dds/src/spark/kind.rs
index 6d37a9e8..bea38725 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/spark/kind.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/spark/kind.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,26 @@ use std::fmt::Display;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum SparkKind {
+	// Sort
+	KeySort,
+	IndSort,
+	// Stash
+	IndStash,
+	RelayStash,
+	// Quit
 	KeyQuit,
 }
 
 impl AsRef<str> for SparkKind {
 	fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
 		match self {
+			// Sort
+			Self::KeySort => "key-sort",
+			Self::IndSort => "ind-sort",
+			// Stash
+			Self::IndStash => "ind-stash",
+			Self::RelayStash => "relay-stash",
+			// Quit
 			Self::KeyQuit => "key-quit",
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/spark/spark.rs b/yazi-dds/src/spark/spark.rs
index db6b3d38..d272e853 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/spark/spark.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/spark/spark.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ pub enum Spark<'a> {
 	Close(yazi_parser::mgr::CloseOpt),
 	Copy(yazi_parser::mgr::CopyOpt),
 	Create(yazi_parser::mgr::CreateOpt),
+	Displace(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
+	DisplaceDo(yazi_parser::mgr::DisplaceDoOpt),
 	Download(yazi_parser::mgr::DownloadOpt),
 	Enter(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
 	Escape(yazi_parser::mgr::EscapeOpt),
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ pub enum Spark<'a> {
 	Shell(yazi_parser::mgr::ShellOpt),
 	Sort(yazi_parser::mgr::SortOpt),
 	Spot(yazi_parser::mgr::SpotOpt),
+	Stash(yazi_parser::mgr::StashOpt),
 	Suspend(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
 	TabClose(yazi_parser::mgr::TabCloseOpt),
 	TabCreate(yazi_parser::mgr::TabCreateOpt),
@@ -76,15 +79,20 @@ pub enum Spark<'a> {
 	Yank(yazi_parser::mgr::YankOpt),
 
 	// Cmp
+	CmpArrow(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
 	CmpClose(yazi_parser::cmp::CloseOpt),
 	CmpShow(yazi_parser::cmp::ShowOpt),
 	CmpTrigger(yazi_parser::cmp::TriggerOpt),
 
 	// Confirm
+	ConfirmArrow(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
 	ConfirmClose(yazi_parser::confirm::CloseOpt),
 	ConfirmShow(Box<yazi_parser::confirm::ShowOpt>),
 
 	// Help
+	HelpArrow(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
+	HelpEscape(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
+	HelpFilter(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
 	HelpToggle(yazi_parser::help::ToggleOpt),
 
 	// Input
@@ -93,6 +101,7 @@ pub enum Spark<'a> {
 	InputClose(yazi_parser::input::CloseOpt),
 	InputComplete(yazi_parser::input::CompleteOpt),
 	InputDelete(yazi_parser::input::DeleteOpt),
+	InputEscape(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
 	InputForward(yazi_parser::input::ForwardOpt),
 	InputInsert(yazi_parser::input::InsertOpt),
 	InputKill(yazi_parser::input::KillOpt),
@@ -104,14 +113,24 @@ pub enum Spark<'a> {
 	NotifyTick(yazi_parser::notify::TickOpt),
 
 	// Pick
+	PickArrow(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
 	PickClose(yazi_parser::pick::CloseOpt),
 	PickShow(yazi_parser::pick::ShowOpt),
 
 	// Spot
+	SpotArrow(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
+	SpotClose(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
 	SpotCopy(yazi_parser::spot::CopyOpt),
+	SpotSwipe(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
 
 	// Tasks
+	TasksArrow(yazi_parser::ArrowOpt),
+	TasksCancel(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
+	TasksClose(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
+	TasksInspect(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
+	TasksOpenShellCompat(yazi_parser::tasks::ProcessOpenOpt),
 	TasksProcessOpen(yazi_parser::tasks::ProcessOpenOpt),
+	TasksShow(yazi_parser::VoidOpt),
 	TasksUpdateSucceed(yazi_parser::tasks::UpdateSucceedOpt),
 
 	// Which
@@ -121,8 +140,17 @@ pub enum Spark<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> Spark<'a> {
 	pub fn from_lua(lua: &Lua, kind: SparkKind, value: Value) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
+		use SparkKind::*;
+
 		Ok(match kind {
-			SparkKind::KeyQuit => Self::Quit(<_>::from_lua(value, lua)?),
+			// Sort
+			KeySort => Self::Sort(<_>::from_lua(value, lua)?),
+			IndSort => Self::Sort(<_>::from_lua(value, lua)?),
+			// Stash
+			IndStash => Self::Stash(<_>::from_lua(value, lua)?),
+			RelayStash => Self::Stash(<_>::from_lua(value, lua)?),
+			// Quit
+			KeyQuit => Self::Quit(<_>::from_lua(value, lua)?),
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -141,6 +169,8 @@ impl<'a> IntoLua for Spark<'a> {
 			Self::Close(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Copy(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Create(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::Displace(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::DisplaceDo(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Download(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Enter(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Escape(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
@@ -182,6 +212,7 @@ impl<'a> IntoLua for Spark<'a> {
 			Self::Shell(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Sort(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Spot(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::Stash(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::Suspend(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::TabClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::TabCreate(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
@@ -202,15 +233,20 @@ impl<'a> IntoLua for Spark<'a> {
 			Self::Yank(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Cmp
+			Self::CmpArrow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::CmpClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::CmpShow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::CmpTrigger(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Confirm
+			Self::ConfirmArrow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::ConfirmClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::ConfirmShow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Help
+			Self::HelpArrow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::HelpEscape(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::HelpFilter(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::HelpToggle(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Input
@@ -219,6 +255,7 @@ impl<'a> IntoLua for Spark<'a> {
 			Self::InputClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::InputComplete(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::InputDelete(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::InputEscape(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::InputForward(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::InputInsert(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::InputKill(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
@@ -230,14 +267,24 @@ impl<'a> IntoLua for Spark<'a> {
 			Self::NotifyTick(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Pick
+			Self::PickArrow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::PickClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::PickShow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Spot
+			Self::SpotArrow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::SpotClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::SpotCopy(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::SpotSwipe(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Tasks
+			Self::TasksArrow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::TasksCancel(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::TasksClose(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::TasksInspect(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::TasksOpenShellCompat(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::TasksProcessOpen(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
+			Self::TasksShow(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 			Self::TasksUpdateSucceed(b) => b.into_lua(lua),
 
 			// Which
@@ -289,6 +336,7 @@ try_from_spark!(mgr::CdOpt, mgr:cd);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::CloseOpt, mgr:close);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::CopyOpt, mgr:copy);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::CreateOpt, mgr:create);
+try_from_spark!(mgr::DisplaceDoOpt, mgr:displace_do);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::DownloadOpt, mgr:download);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::EscapeOpt, mgr:escape);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::ExcludeAddOpt, mgr:exclude_add);
@@ -315,6 +363,7 @@ try_from_spark!(mgr::ShellOpt, mgr:shell);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::ExcludedOpt, mgr:excluded);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::SortOpt, mgr:sort);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::SpotOpt, mgr:spot);
+try_from_spark!(mgr::StashOpt, mgr:stash);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::TabCloseOpt, mgr:tab_close);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::TabCreateOpt, mgr:tab_create);
 try_from_spark!(mgr::TabSwitchOpt, mgr:tab_switch);
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/state.rs b/yazi-dds/src/state.rs
index 757bc4b4..590181d3 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/state.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/state.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl State {
 			return Ok(());
 		}
 
-		Local.create_dir_all(&BOOT.state_dir).await?;
+		Local::regular(&BOOT.state_dir).create_dir_all().await?;
 		let mut buf = BufWriter::new(
 			Gate::default()
 				.write(true)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl State {
 	}
 
 	async fn load(&self) -> Result<()> {
-		let mut file = BufReader::new(Local.open(BOOT.state_dir.join(".dds")).await?);
+		let mut file = BufReader::new(Local::regular(&BOOT.state_dir.join(".dds")).open().await?);
 		let mut buf = String::new();
 
 		let mut inner = HashMap::new();
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl State {
 	}
 
 	async fn skip(&self) -> Result<bool> {
-		let cha = Local.symlink_metadata(BOOT.state_dir.join(".dds")).await?;
+		let cha = Local::regular(&BOOT.state_dir.join(".dds")).symlink_metadata().await?;
 		let modified = cha.mtime_dur()?.as_micros();
 		Ok(modified >= self.last.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u128)
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/stream.rs b/yazi-dds/src/stream.rs
index ede51d00..e4b5b6e9 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/stream.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/stream.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Stream {
 
 		let p = Self::socket_file();
 
-		yazi_fs::provider::local::Local.remove_file(&p).await.ok();
+		yazi_fs::provider::local::Local::regular(&p).remove_file().await.ok();
 		tokio::net::UnixListener::bind(p)
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-ffi/Cargo.toml b/yazi-ffi/Cargo.toml
index 32fe61b3..e18f8087 100644
--- a/yazi-ffi/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-ffi/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-ffi"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ description = "Yazi foreign function interface"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-macro = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-macro = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-ffi/README.md b/yazi-ffi/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9531636e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-ffi/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-ffi
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-fm/Cargo.toml b/yazi-fm/Cargo.toml
index 9feaccbb..914c684c 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-fm/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-fm"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ description = "Yazi file manager"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [profile.release]
 codegen-units = 1
 lto           = true
@@ -23,23 +26,23 @@ default      = [ "vendored-lua" ]
 vendored-lua = [ "mlua/vendored" ]
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-actor   = { path = "../yazi-actor", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-core    = { path = "../yazi-core", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-plugin  = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-term    = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-watcher = { path = "../yazi-watcher", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-widgets = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-actor   = { path = "../yazi-actor", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-core    = { path = "../yazi-core", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-plugin  = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-term    = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-watcher = { path = "../yazi-watcher", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-widgets = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow       = { workspace = true }
@@ -56,12 +59,12 @@ tokio-stream = { workspace = true }
 
 # Logging
 tracing            = { workspace = true }
-tracing-appender   = "0.2.3"
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.20", features = [ "env-filter" ] }
+tracing-appender   = "0.2.4"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.22", features = [ "env-filter" ] }
 
 [target."cfg(unix)".dependencies]
 libc              = { workspace = true }
-signal-hook-tokio = { version = "0.3.1", features = [ "futures-v0_3" ] }
+signal-hook-tokio = { version = "0.4.0", features = [ "futures-v0_3" ] }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 crossterm = { workspace = true, features = [ "use-dev-tty", "libc" ] }
diff --git a/yazi-fm/README.md b/yazi-fm/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..697151b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fm/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-fm
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/bootstrap.rs b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/bootstrap.rs
index 574906a5..bb3e3bbb 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/bootstrap.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/bootstrap.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use yazi_actor::Ctx;
 use yazi_boot::BOOT;
 use yazi_macro::act;
 use yazi_parser::{VoidOpt, mgr::CdSource};
-use yazi_shared::{data::Data, path::PathBufLike, url::UrlLike};
+use yazi_shared::{data::Data, strand::StrandLike, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::app::App;
 
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ impl App {
 
 			if file.is_empty() {
 				act!(mgr:cd, cx, (BOOT.cwds[i].clone(), CdSource::Tab))?;
-			} else {
-				act!(mgr:reveal, cx, (BOOT.cwds[i].join(file), CdSource::Tab))?;
+			} else if let Ok(u) = BOOT.cwds[i].try_join(file) {
+				act!(mgr:reveal, cx, (u, CdSource::Tab))?;
 			}
 		}
 
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/plugin.rs b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/plugin.rs
index e8986f19..d3023b41 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/plugin.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/plugin.rs
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ use crate::app::App;
 impl App {
 	pub(crate) fn plugin(&mut self, mut opt: PluginOpt) -> Result<Data> {
 		let mut hits = false;
-		if let Some(chunk) = LOADER.read().get(opt.id.as_ref()) {
+		if let Some(chunk) = LOADER.read().get(&*opt.id) {
 			hits = true;
 			opt.mode = opt.mode.auto_then(chunk.sync_entry);
 		}
 
 		if opt.mode == PluginMode::Async {
-			succ!(self.core.tasks.plugin_micro(opt));
+			succ!(self.core.tasks.plugin_entry(opt));
 		} else if opt.mode == PluginMode::Sync && hits {
 			return self.plugin_do(opt);
 		}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl App {
 
 	pub(crate) fn plugin_do(&mut self, opt: PluginOpt) -> Result<Data> {
 		let loader = LOADER.read();
-		let Some(chunk) = loader.get(opt.id.as_ref()) else {
+		let Some(chunk) = loader.get(&*opt.id) else {
 			succ!(warn!("plugin `{}` not found", opt.id));
 		};
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl App {
 		}
 
 		if opt.mode.auto_then(chunk.sync_entry) != PluginMode::Sync {
-			succ!(self.core.tasks.plugin_micro(opt));
+			succ!(self.core.tasks.plugin_entry(opt));
 		}
 
 		runtime_mut!(LUA)?.push(&opt.id);
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/quit.rs b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/quit.rs
index 37efe25d..807f0b99 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/quit.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/quit.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-use std::ffi::OsString;
-
 use yazi_boot::ARGS;
 use yazi_fs::provider::{Provider, local::Local};
-use yazi_shared::{event::EventQuit, url::UrlLike};
+use yazi_shared::{event::EventQuit, strand::{StrandBuf, StrandLike, ToStrand}};
 
 use crate::{Term, app::App};
 
@@ -25,14 +23,14 @@ impl App {
 
 	async fn cwd_to_file(&self, no: bool) {
 		if let Some(p) = ARGS.cwd_file.as_ref().filter(|_| !no) {
-			let cwd = self.core.mgr.cwd().os_str();
-			Local.write(p, cwd.as_encoded_bytes()).await.ok();
+			let cwd = self.core.mgr.cwd().to_strand();
+			Local::regular(p).write(cwd.encoded_bytes()).await.ok();
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn selected_to_file(&self, selected: Option<OsString>) {
+	async fn selected_to_file(&self, selected: Option<StrandBuf>) {
 		if let (Some(s), Some(p)) = (selected, &ARGS.chooser_file) {
-			Local.write(p, s.as_encoded_bytes()).await.ok();
+			Local::regular(p).write(s.encoded_bytes()).await.ok();
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/reflow.rs b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/reflow.rs
index c0cfa38f..a45a61b4 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/reflow.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/app/commands/reflow.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl App {
 				};
 
 				let id: mlua::String = t.get("_id")?;
-				match id.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+				match &*id.as_bytes() {
 					b"current" => layout.current = *t.raw_get::<yazi_binding::elements::Rect>("_area")?,
 					b"preview" => layout.preview = *t.raw_get::<yazi_binding::elements::Rect>("_area")?,
 					b"progress" => layout.progress = *t.raw_get::<yazi_binding::elements::Rect>("_area")?,
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/cmp/cmp.rs b/yazi-fm/src/cmp/cmp.rs
index 3fb0f714..9a7376df 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/cmp/cmp.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/cmp/cmp.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use ratatui::{buffer::Buffer, layout::Rect, widgets::{Block, BorderType, List, L
 use yazi_adapter::Dimension;
 use yazi_config::{THEME, popup::{Offset, Position}};
 use yazi_core::Core;
+use yazi_shared::strand::StrandLike;
 
 pub(crate) struct Cmp<'a> {
 	core: &'a Core,
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/dispatcher.rs b/yazi-fm/src/dispatcher.rs
index ebc2bd73..e75abc7d 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/dispatcher.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+use tracing::warn;
 use yazi_config::keymap::Key;
 use yazi_macro::{act, emit, succ};
 use yazi_shared::{data::Data, event::{CmdCow, Event, NEED_RENDER}};
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ impl<'a> Dispatcher<'a> {
 	#[inline]
 	pub(super) fn dispatch(&mut self, event: Event) -> Result<()> {
 		// FIXME: handle errors
-		_ = match event {
+		let result = match event {
 			Event::Call(cmd) => self.dispatch_call(cmd),
 			Event::Seq(cmds) => self.dispatch_seq(cmds),
 			Event::Render => self.dispatch_render(),
@@ -30,6 +31,10 @@ impl<'a> Dispatcher<'a> {
 			Event::Paste(str) => self.dispatch_paste(str),
 			Event::Quit(opt) => act!(quit, self.app, opt),
 		};
+
+		if let Err(err) = result {
+			warn!("Event dispatch error: {err:?}");
+		}
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/executor.rs b/yazi-fm/src/executor.rs
index 885dc375..ccbcf88a 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/executor.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/executor.rs
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ impl<'a> Executor<'a> {
 		// VFS
 		on!(download);
 		on!(upload);
+		on!(displace_do);
 
 		match cmd.name.as_ref() {
 			// Help
@@ -257,7 +258,10 @@ impl<'a> Executor<'a> {
 					_ => {}
 				}
 			}
-			InputMode::Insert | InputMode::Replace => {}
+			InputMode::Insert => {
+				on!(complete);
+			}
+			InputMode::Replace => {}
 		};
 
 		self.app.core.input.execute(cmd)
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/main.rs b/yazi-fm/src/main.rs
index 64ae41e5..6f7f0153 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/main.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/main.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else, clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 #[cfg(all(not(target_os = "macos"), not(target_os = "windows")))]
 #[global_allocator]
 static GLOBAL: tikv_jemallocator::Jemalloc = tikv_jemallocator::Jemalloc;
@@ -39,5 +37,6 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 	yazi_plugin::init()?;
 
 	yazi_dds::serve();
-	app::App::serve().await
+
+	yazi_shared::LOCAL_SET.run_until(app::App::serve()).await
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/signals.rs b/yazi-fm/src/signals.rs
index 350a0c66..78a0f505 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/signals.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/signals.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Signals {
 					}
 				});
 			}
-			SIGCONT if HIDER.try_acquire().is_ok() => AppProxy::resume(),
+			SIGCONT if HIDER.try_acquire().is_ok() => _ = tokio::spawn(AppProxy::resume()),
 			_ => {}
 		}
 		true
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/tasks/tasks.rs b/yazi-fm/src/tasks/tasks.rs
index d334065e..f13297fb 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/tasks/tasks.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/tasks/tasks.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ratatui::{buffer::Buffer, layout::{self, Alignment, Constraint, Rect}, text::Line, widgets::{Block, BorderType, Widget, WidgetRef}};
+use ratatui::{buffer::Buffer, layout::{self, Alignment, Constraint, Rect}, text::Line, widgets::{Block, BorderType, Widget}};
 use yazi_config::THEME;
 use yazi_core::{Core, tasks::TASKS_PERCENT};
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl Widget for Tasks<'_> {
 			.title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
 			.border_type(BorderType::Rounded)
 			.border_style(THEME.tasks.border);
-		block.render_ref(area, buf);
+		(&block).render(area, buf);
 
 		List::new(self.core).render(block.inner(area), buf);
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/Cargo.toml b/yazi-fs/Cargo.toml
index edd1e4d7..4a9c91a5 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-fs/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-fs"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,26 +8,31 @@ description = "Yazi file system"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-ffi    = { path = "../yazi-ffi", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shim   = { path = "../yazi-shim", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-ffi    = { path = "../yazi-ffi", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shim   = { path = "../yazi-shim", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow           = { workspace = true }
-arc-swap         = "1.7.1"
+arc-swap         = "1.8.0"
 bitflags         = { workspace = true }
 dirs             = { workspace = true }
 foldhash         = { workspace = true }
 hashbrown        = { workspace = true }
 parking_lot      = { workspace = true }
 percent-encoding = { workspace = true }
+rand             = { workspace = true }
 regex            = { workspace = true }
 scopeguard       = { workspace = true }
 serde            = { workspace = true }
 tokio            = { workspace = true }
 tracing          = { workspace = true }
+typed-path       = { workspace = true }
 
 [target."cfg(unix)".dependencies]
 libc  = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/README.md b/yazi-fs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7838af5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-fs
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/cha/cha.rs b/yazi-fs/src/cha/cha.rs
index 469e4f54..f8ebb49d 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/cha/cha.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/cha/cha.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsStr, fs::Metadata, ops::Deref, time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH}};
+use std::{fs::Metadata, ops::Deref, time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH}};
 
 use anyhow::bail;
 use yazi_macro::{unix_either, win_either};
-use yazi_shared::url::AsUrl;
+use yazi_shared::{strand::AsStrand, url::AsUrl};
 
 use super::ChaKind;
 use crate::cha::{ChaMode, ChaType};
@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ impl Default for Cha {
 
 impl Cha {
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn new(name: &OsStr, meta: Metadata) -> Self {
+	pub fn new<T>(name: T, meta: Metadata) -> Self
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
 		Self::from_bare(&meta).attach(ChaKind::hidden(name, &meta))
 	}
 
@@ -59,8 +62,6 @@ impl Cha {
 		let mut kind = ChaKind::DUMMY;
 		let mode = r#type.map(ChaMode::from_bare).unwrap_or_default();
 
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		use yazi_shared::path::PathLike;
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		if _url.as_url().urn().is_hidden() {
 			kind |= ChaKind::HIDDEN;
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/cha/kind.rs b/yazi-fs/src/cha/kind.rs
index d1d9e367..7a20ce58 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/cha/kind.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/cha/kind.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsStr, fs::Metadata};
+use std::fs::Metadata;
 
 use bitflags::bitflags;
+use yazi_shared::strand::AsStrand;
 
 bitflags! {
 	#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -14,13 +15,15 @@ bitflags! {
 
 impl ChaKind {
 	#[inline]
-	pub(super) fn hidden(_name: &OsStr, _meta: &Metadata) -> Self {
+	pub(super) fn hidden<T>(_name: T, _meta: &Metadata) -> Self
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
 		let mut me = Self::empty();
 
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
-			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
-			if _name.as_bytes().starts_with(b".") {
+			if _name.as_strand().starts_with(".") {
 				me |= Self::HIDDEN;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/cha/mode.rs b/yazi-fs/src/cha/mode.rs
index 0961d1d1..fc498bfb 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/cha/mode.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/cha/mode.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl From<ChaMode> for std::fs::Permissions {
 	fn from(value: ChaMode) -> Self {
 		use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 
-		std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(value.bits() as _)
+		Self::from_mode(value.bits() as _)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/cwd.rs b/yazi-fs/src/cwd.rs
index d1193ffb..c1156dd0 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/cwd.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/cwd.rs
@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ impl Default for Cwd {
 }
 
 impl Cwd {
-	pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf {
-		let url = self.0.load();
-		url.cache().unwrap_or_else(|| url.loc.to_path())
-	}
+	pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.0.load().as_url().unified_path().into_owned() }
 
 	pub fn set(&self, url: &UrlBuf, callback: fn()) -> bool {
 		if !url.is_absolute() {
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@ impl Cwd {
 		use std::{io::ErrorKind::{AlreadyExists, NotADirectory, NotFound}, path::Component as C};
 
 		let Some(cache) = url.cache() else {
-			return url.loc.as_path().into();
+			return url.unified_path();
 		};
 
 		if !matches!(std::fs::create_dir_all(&cache), Err(e) if e.kind() == NotADirectory || e.kind() == AlreadyExists)
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs b/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs
index 161636c4..a017ae54 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 use std::{fmt, io, sync::Arc};
 
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::error::{kind_from_str, kind_to_str};
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Error {
 	Kind(io::ErrorKind),
@@ -38,6 +42,10 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
 }
 
 impl Error {
+	pub fn custom(kind: &str, code: Option<i32>, message: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self::Custom { kind: kind_from_str(kind)?, code, message: message.into() })
+	}
+
 	pub fn kind(&self) -> io::ErrorKind {
 		match self {
 			Self::Kind(kind) => *kind,
@@ -46,6 +54,8 @@ impl Error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	pub fn kind_str(&self) -> &'static str { kind_to_str(self.kind()) }
+
 	pub fn raw_os_error(&self) -> Option<i32> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Kind(_) => None,
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs b/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs
index 06ee5779..1bc6b4a6 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs
@@ -1,103 +1,104 @@
 use std::io;
 
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
 
 use super::Error;
 
-fn kind_to_str(kind: io::ErrorKind) -> &'static str {
+pub(super) fn kind_to_str(kind: io::ErrorKind) -> &'static str {
 	use std::io::ErrorKind as K;
 	match kind {
-		K::NotFound => "not_found",
-		K::PermissionDenied => "permission_denied",
-		K::ConnectionRefused => "connection_refused",
-		K::ConnectionReset => "connection_reset",
-		K::HostUnreachable => "host_unreachable",
-		K::NetworkUnreachable => "network_unreachable",
-		K::ConnectionAborted => "connection_aborted",
-		K::NotConnected => "not_connected",
-		K::AddrInUse => "addr_in_use",
-		K::AddrNotAvailable => "addr_not_available",
-		K::NetworkDown => "network_down",
-		K::BrokenPipe => "broken_pipe",
-		K::AlreadyExists => "already_exists",
-		K::WouldBlock => "would_block",
-		K::NotADirectory => "not_a_directory",
-		K::IsADirectory => "is_a_directory",
-		K::DirectoryNotEmpty => "directory_not_empty",
-		K::ReadOnlyFilesystem => "read_only_filesystem",
-		// K::FilesystemLoop => "filesystem_loop",
-		K::StaleNetworkFileHandle => "stale_network_file_handle",
-		K::InvalidInput => "invalid_input",
-		K::InvalidData => "invalid_data",
-		K::TimedOut => "timed_out",
-		K::WriteZero => "write_zero",
-		K::StorageFull => "storage_full",
-		K::NotSeekable => "not_seekable",
-		K::QuotaExceeded => "quota_exceeded",
-		K::FileTooLarge => "file_too_large",
-		K::ResourceBusy => "resource_busy",
-		K::ExecutableFileBusy => "executable_file_busy",
-		K::Deadlock => "deadlock",
-		K::CrossesDevices => "crosses_devices",
-		K::TooManyLinks => "too_many_links",
-		K::InvalidFilename => "invalid_filename",
-		K::ArgumentListTooLong => "argument_list_too_long",
-		K::Interrupted => "interrupted",
-		K::Unsupported => "unsupported",
-		K::UnexpectedEof => "unexpected_eof",
-		K::OutOfMemory => "out_of_memory",
-		// K::InProgress => "in_progress",
-		K::Other => "other",
-		_ => "other",
+		K::NotFound => "NotFound",
+		K::PermissionDenied => "PermissionDenied",
+		K::ConnectionRefused => "ConnectionRefused",
+		K::ConnectionReset => "ConnectionReset",
+		K::HostUnreachable => "HostUnreachable",
+		K::NetworkUnreachable => "NetworkUnreachable",
+		K::ConnectionAborted => "ConnectionAborted",
+		K::NotConnected => "NotConnected",
+		K::AddrInUse => "AddrInUse",
+		K::AddrNotAvailable => "AddrNotAvailable",
+		K::NetworkDown => "NetworkDown",
+		K::BrokenPipe => "BrokenPipe",
+		K::AlreadyExists => "AlreadyExists",
+		K::WouldBlock => "WouldBlock",
+		K::NotADirectory => "NotADirectory",
+		K::IsADirectory => "IsADirectory",
+		K::DirectoryNotEmpty => "DirectoryNotEmpty",
+		K::ReadOnlyFilesystem => "ReadOnlyFilesystem",
+		// K::FilesystemLoop => "FilesystemLoop",
+		K::StaleNetworkFileHandle => "StaleNetworkFileHandle",
+		K::InvalidInput => "InvalidInput",
+		K::InvalidData => "InvalidData",
+		K::TimedOut => "TimedOut",
+		K::WriteZero => "WriteZero",
+		K::StorageFull => "StorageFull",
+		K::NotSeekable => "NotSeekable",
+		K::QuotaExceeded => "QuotaExceeded",
+		K::FileTooLarge => "FileTooLarge",
+		K::ResourceBusy => "ResourceBusy",
+		K::ExecutableFileBusy => "ExecutableFileBusy",
+		K::Deadlock => "Deadlock",
+		K::CrossesDevices => "CrossesDevices",
+		K::TooManyLinks => "TooManyLinks",
+		K::InvalidFilename => "InvalidFilename",
+		K::ArgumentListTooLong => "ArgumentListTooLong",
+		K::Interrupted => "Interrupted",
+		K::Unsupported => "Unsupported",
+		K::UnexpectedEof => "UnexpectedEof",
+		K::OutOfMemory => "OutOfMemory",
+		// K::InProgress => "InProgress",
+		K::Other => "Other",
+		_ => "Other",
 	}
 }
 
-fn kind_from_str(s: &str) -> io::ErrorKind {
+pub(super) fn kind_from_str(s: &str) -> Result<io::ErrorKind> {
 	use std::io::ErrorKind as K;
-	match s {
-		"not_found" => K::NotFound,
-		"permission_denied" => K::PermissionDenied,
-		"connection_refused" => K::ConnectionRefused,
-		"connection_reset" => K::ConnectionReset,
-		"host_unreachable" => K::HostUnreachable,
-		"network_unreachable" => K::NetworkUnreachable,
-		"connection_aborted" => K::ConnectionAborted,
-		"not_connected" => K::NotConnected,
-		"addr_in_use" => K::AddrInUse,
-		"addr_not_available" => K::AddrNotAvailable,
-		"network_down" => K::NetworkDown,
-		"broken_pipe" => K::BrokenPipe,
-		"already_exists" => K::AlreadyExists,
-		"would_block" => K::WouldBlock,
-		"not_a_directory" => K::NotADirectory,
-		"is_a_directory" => K::IsADirectory,
-		"directory_not_empty" => K::DirectoryNotEmpty,
-		"read_only_filesystem" => K::ReadOnlyFilesystem,
-		// "filesystem_loop" => K::FilesystemLoop,
-		"stale_network_file_handle" => K::StaleNetworkFileHandle,
-		"invalid_input" => K::InvalidInput,
-		"invalid_data" => K::InvalidData,
-		"timed_out" => K::TimedOut,
-		"write_zero" => K::WriteZero,
-		"storage_full" => K::StorageFull,
-		"not_seekable" => K::NotSeekable,
-		"quota_exceeded" => K::QuotaExceeded,
-		"file_too_large" => K::FileTooLarge,
-		"resource_busy" => K::ResourceBusy,
-		"executable_file_busy" => K::ExecutableFileBusy,
-		"deadlock" => K::Deadlock,
-		"crosses_devices" => K::CrossesDevices,
-		"too_many_links" => K::TooManyLinks,
-		"invalid_filename" => K::InvalidFilename,
-		"argument_list_too_long" => K::ArgumentListTooLong,
-		"interrupted" => K::Interrupted,
-		"unsupported" => K::Unsupported,
-		"unexpected_eof" => K::UnexpectedEof,
-		"out_of_memory" => K::OutOfMemory,
-		// "in_progress" => K::InProgress,
-		"other" => K::Other,
-		_ => K::Other,
-	}
+	Ok(match s {
+		"NotFound" => K::NotFound,
+		"PermissionDenied" => K::PermissionDenied,
+		"ConnectionRefused" => K::ConnectionRefused,
+		"ConnectionReset" => K::ConnectionReset,
+		"HostUnreachable" => K::HostUnreachable,
+		"NetworkUnreachable" => K::NetworkUnreachable,
+		"ConnectionAborted" => K::ConnectionAborted,
+		"NotConnected" => K::NotConnected,
+		"AddrInUse" => K::AddrInUse,
+		"AddrNotAvailable" => K::AddrNotAvailable,
+		"NetworkDown" => K::NetworkDown,
+		"BrokenPipe" => K::BrokenPipe,
+		"AlreadyExists" => K::AlreadyExists,
+		"WouldBlock" => K::WouldBlock,
+		"NotADirectory" => K::NotADirectory,
+		"IsADirectory" => K::IsADirectory,
+		"DirectoryNotEmpty" => K::DirectoryNotEmpty,
+		"ReadOnlyFilesystem" => K::ReadOnlyFilesystem,
+		// "FilesystemLoop" => K::FilesystemLoop,
+		"StaleNetworkFileHandle" => K::StaleNetworkFileHandle,
+		"InvalidInput" => K::InvalidInput,
+		"InvalidData" => K::InvalidData,
+		"TimedOut" => K::TimedOut,
+		"WriteZero" => K::WriteZero,
+		"StorageFull" => K::StorageFull,
+		"NotSeekable" => K::NotSeekable,
+		"QuotaExceeded" => K::QuotaExceeded,
+		"FileTooLarge" => K::FileTooLarge,
+		"ResourceBusy" => K::ResourceBusy,
+		"ExecutableFileBusy" => K::ExecutableFileBusy,
+		"Deadlock" => K::Deadlock,
+		"CrossesDevices" => K::CrossesDevices,
+		"TooManyLinks" => K::TooManyLinks,
+		"InvalidFilename" => K::InvalidFilename,
+		"ArgumentListTooLong" => K::ArgumentListTooLong,
+		"Interrupted" => K::Interrupted,
+		"Unsupported" => K::Unsupported,
+		"UnexpectedEof" => K::UnexpectedEof,
+		"OutOfMemory" => K::OutOfMemory,
+		// "InProgress" => K::InProgress,
+		"Other" => K::Other,
+		_ => bail!("unknown error kind: {s}"),
+	})
 }
 
 impl Serialize for Error {
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ impl Serialize for Error {
 		}
 
 		match self {
-			Error::Kind(kind) => Shadow::Kind { kind: kind_to_str(*kind) }.serialize(serializer),
-			Error::Raw(code) => Shadow::Raw { code: *code }.serialize(serializer),
-			Error::Custom { kind, code, message } => {
+			Self::Kind(kind) => Shadow::Kind { kind: kind_to_str(*kind) }.serialize(serializer),
+			Self::Raw(code) => Shadow::Raw { code: *code }.serialize(serializer),
+			Self::Custom { kind, code, message } => {
 				Shadow::Dyn { kind: kind_to_str(*kind), code: *code, message }.serialize(serializer)
 			}
 		}
@@ -138,15 +139,19 @@ impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Error {
 
 		let shadow = Shadow::deserialize(deserializer)?;
 		Ok(match shadow {
-			Shadow::Kind { kind } => Error::Kind(kind_from_str(&kind)),
-			Shadow::Raw { code } => Error::Raw(code),
+			Shadow::Kind { kind } => Self::Kind(kind_from_str(&kind).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?),
+			Shadow::Raw { code } => Self::Raw(code),
 			Shadow::Dyn { kind, code, message } => {
 				if !message.is_empty() {
-					Error::Custom { kind: kind_from_str(&kind), code, message: message.into() }
+					Self::Custom {
+						kind: kind_from_str(&kind).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?,
+						code,
+						message: message.into(),
+					}
 				} else if let Some(code) = code {
-					Error::Raw(code)
+					Self::Raw(code)
 				} else {
-					Error::Kind(kind_from_str(&kind))
+					Self::Kind(kind_from_str(&kind).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
 				}
 			}
 		})
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/file.rs b/yazi-fs/src/file.rs
index 771bd0fc..4fc4f7bf 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/file.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsStr, hash::{Hash, Hasher}, ops::Deref, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::{hash::{Hash, Hasher}, ops::Deref, path::Path};
 
-use yazi_shared::{path::PathDyn, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{PathBufDyn, PathDyn}, strand::Strand, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 use crate::cha::{Cha, ChaType};
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::cha::{Cha, ChaType};
 pub struct File {
 	pub url:     UrlBuf,
 	pub cha:     Cha,
-	pub link_to: Option<PathBuf>,
+	pub link_to: Option<PathBufDyn>,
 }
 
 impl Deref for File {
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ impl Deref for File {
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.cha }
 }
 
+impl From<&Self> for File {
+	fn from(value: &Self) -> Self { value.clone() }
+}
+
 impl File {
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn from_dummy(url: impl Into<UrlBuf>, r#type: Option<ChaType>) -> Self {
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ impl File {
 impl File {
 	// --- Url
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn url_owned(&self) -> UrlBuf { self.url.to_owned() }
+	pub fn url_owned(&self) -> UrlBuf { self.url.clone() }
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn uri(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.url.uri() }
@@ -43,10 +47,10 @@ impl File {
 	pub fn urn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.url.urn() }
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&OsStr> { self.url.name() }
+	pub fn name(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.url.name() }
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn stem(&self) -> Option<&OsStr> { self.url.stem() }
+	pub fn stem(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.url.stem() }
 }
 
 impl Hash for File {
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/files.rs b/yazi-fs/src/files.rs
index a026f5a0..573d2cf0 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/files.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/files.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{mem, ops::{Deref, DerefMut, Not}};
 
 use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use yazi_shared::{Id, path::{PathBufDyn, PathBufLike, PathDyn, PathLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, path::{PathBufDyn, PathDyn}};
 
 use super::{FilesSorter, Filter, IgnoreFilter};
 use crate::{FILES_TICKET, File, SortBy};
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl Files {
 
 		macro_rules! go {
 			($dist:expr, $src:expr, $inc:literal) => {
-				let mut todo: HashMap<_, _> = $src.into_iter().map(|f| (f.urn().owned(), f)).collect();
+				let mut todo: HashMap<_, _> = $src.into_iter().map(|f| (f.urn().to_owned(), f)).collect();
 				for f in &$dist {
 					if todo.remove(&f.urn()).is_some() && todo.is_empty() {
 						break;
@@ -123,18 +123,17 @@ impl Files {
 
 	#[cfg(unix)]
 	pub fn update_deleting(&mut self, urns: HashSet<PathBufDyn>) -> Vec<usize> {
+		use yazi_shared::path::PathLike;
 		if urns.is_empty() {
 			return vec![];
 		}
 
 		let (mut hidden, mut items) = if let Some(filter) = &self.filter {
-			urns
-				.into_iter()
-				.partition(|u| (!self.show_hidden && u.borrow().is_hidden()) || !filter.matches(u))
+			urns.into_iter().partition(|u| (!self.show_hidden && u.is_hidden()) || !filter.matches(u))
 		} else if self.show_hidden {
 			(HashSet::new(), urns)
 		} else {
-			urns.into_iter().partition(|u| u.borrow().is_hidden())
+			urns.into_iter().partition(|u| u.is_hidden())
 		};
 
 		let mut deleted = Vec::with_capacity(items.len());
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ impl Files {
 		}
 
 		self.update_deleting(
-			files.iter().filter(|&(u, f)| u != f.urn()).map(|(_, f)| f.urn().owned()).collect(),
+			files.iter().filter(|&(u, f)| u != f.urn()).map(|(_, f)| f.urn().into()).collect(),
 		);
 
 		let (hidden, items) = self.update_updating(files);
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/filter.rs b/yazi-fs/src/filter.rs
index 8bb1394e..7baf323c 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/filter.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/filter.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsStr, fmt::Display, ops::Range};
+use std::{fmt::Display, ops::Range};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use regex::bytes::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
-use yazi_shared::{event::Cmd, path::{AsPath, PathLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{event::Cmd, strand::AsStrand};
 
 pub struct Filter {
 	raw:   String,
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ impl Filter {
 	#[allow(private_bounds)]
 	pub fn matches<T>(&self, name: T) -> bool
 	where
-		T: AsPath,
+		T: AsStrand,
 	{
-		self.regex.is_match(name.as_path().encoded_bytes())
+		self.regex.is_match(name.as_strand().encoded_bytes())
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn highlighted(&self, name: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<Vec<Range<usize>>> {
-		self.regex.find(name.as_ref().as_encoded_bytes()).map(|m| vec![m.range()])
+	pub fn highlighted(&self, name: impl AsStrand) -> Option<Vec<Range<usize>>> {
+		self.regex.find(name.as_strand().encoded_bytes()).map(|m| vec![m.range()])
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs b/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs
index 74d944b6..096bd524 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else, clippy::option_map_unit_fn, clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(cha error mounts path provider);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cwd file files filter fns hash ignore op scheme sorter sorting splatter stage url xdg);
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/op.rs b/yazi-fs/src/op.rs
index 0e5d82b2..3e8fe3bf 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/op.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/op.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use yazi_macro::relay;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, Ids, path::{PathBufDyn, PathLike}, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, Ids, path::PathBufDyn, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 use super::File;
 use crate::{cha::Cha, error::Error};
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ impl FilesOp {
 			let Some(o_p) = o.parent() else { continue };
 			let Some(n_p) = n.url.parent() else { continue };
 			if o_p == n_p {
-				parents.entry_ref(&o_p).or_default().1.insert(o.urn().owned(), n);
+				parents.entry_ref(&o_p).or_default().1.insert(o.urn().into(), n);
 			} else {
-				parents.entry_ref(&o_p).or_default().0.insert(o.urn().owned());
-				parents.entry_ref(&n_p).or_default().1.insert(n.urn().owned(), n);
+				parents.entry_ref(&o_p).or_default().0.insert(o.urn().into());
+				parents.entry_ref(&n_p).or_default().1.insert(n.urn().into(), n);
 			}
 		}
 		for (p, (o, n)) in parents {
@@ -123,11 +123,13 @@ impl FilesOp {
 
 	pub fn diff_recoverable(&self, contains: impl Fn(&UrlBuf) -> bool) -> (Vec<UrlBuf>, Vec<UrlBuf>) {
 		match self {
-			Self::Deleting(cwd, urns) => (urns.iter().map(|u| cwd.join(u)).collect(), vec![]),
+			Self::Deleting(cwd, urns) => {
+				(urns.iter().filter_map(|u| cwd.try_join(u).ok()).collect(), vec![])
+			}
 			Self::Updating(cwd, urns) | Self::Upserting(cwd, urns) => urns
 				.iter()
 				.filter(|&(u, f)| u != f.urn())
-				.map(|(u, f)| (cwd.join(u), f))
+				.filter_map(|(u, f)| cwd.try_join(u).ok().map(|u| (u, f)))
 				.filter(|(u, _)| contains(u))
 				.map(|(u, f)| (u, f.url_owned()))
 				.unzip(),
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/path/clean.rs b/yazi-fs/src/path/clean.rs
index 495a5388..8fa4085a 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/path/clean.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/path/clean.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-
-use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{PathBufDyn, PathDyn}, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 
 pub fn clean_url<'a>(url: impl Into<UrlCow<'a>>) -> UrlBuf {
 	let cow: UrlCow = url.into();
 	let (path, uri, urn) = clean_path_impl(
-		&cow.loc(),
-		cow.loc().base().components().count(),
-		cow.loc().trail().components().count(),
+		cow.loc(),
+		cow.base().components().count() - 1,
+		cow.trail().components().count() - 1,
 	);
 
-	let loc =
-		LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(path, uri, urn).expect("Failed to create Loc from cleaned path");
-	UrlBuf { loc, scheme: cow.into_scheme().into() }
+	let scheme = cow.into_scheme().into_owned().with_ports(uri, urn);
+	(scheme, path).try_into().expect("UrlBuf from cleaned path")
 }
 
-fn clean_path_impl(path: &Path, base: usize, trail: usize) -> (PathBuf, usize, usize) {
-	use std::path::Component::*;
+fn clean_path_impl(path: PathDyn, base: usize, trail: usize) -> (PathBufDyn, usize, usize) {
+	use yazi_shared::path::Component::*;
 
 	let mut out = vec![];
 	let mut uri_count = 0;
@@ -24,7 +21,7 @@ fn clean_path_impl(path: &Path, base: usize, trail: usize) -> (PathBuf, usize, u
 
 	macro_rules! push {
 		($i:ident, $c:ident) => {{
-			out.push($c);
+			out.push(($i, $c));
 			if $i >= base {
 				uri_count += 1;
 			}
@@ -34,19 +31,40 @@ fn clean_path_impl(path: &Path, base: usize, trail: usize) -> (PathBuf, usize, u
 		}};
 	}
 
+	macro_rules! pop {
+		() => {{
+			if let Some((i, _)) = out.pop() {
+				if i >= base {
+					uri_count -= 1;
+				}
+				if i >= trail {
+					urn_count -= 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}};
+	}
+
 	for (i, c) in path.components().enumerate() {
 		match c {
 			CurDir => {}
-			ParentDir => match out.last() {
+			ParentDir => match out.last().map(|(_, c)| c) {
 				Some(RootDir) => {}
-				Some(Normal(_)) => _ = out.pop(),
+				Some(Normal(_)) => pop!(),
 				None | Some(CurDir) | Some(ParentDir) | Some(Prefix(_)) => push!(i, c),
 			},
 			c => push!(i, c),
 		}
 	}
 
-	(if out.is_empty() { PathBuf::from(".") } else { out.iter().collect() }, uri_count, urn_count)
+	let kind = path.kind();
+	let path = if out.is_empty() {
+		PathBufDyn::with_str(kind, ".")
+	} else {
+		PathBufDyn::from_components(kind, out.into_iter().map(|(_, c)| c))
+			.expect("components with same kind")
+	};
+
+	(path, uri_count, urn_count)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -66,10 +84,11 @@ mod tests {
 			("archive://:3:2//../../tmp/test.zip/foo/bar", "archive://:3:2//tmp/test.zip/foo/bar"),
 			("archive://:3:2//tmp/../../test.zip/foo/bar", "archive://:3:2//test.zip/foo/bar"),
 			("archive://:4:2//tmp/test.zip/../../foo/bar", "archive://:2:2//foo/bar"),
-			("archive://:5:2//tmp/test.zip/../../foo/bar", "archive://:3:2//foo/bar"),
-			("archive://:4:4//tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../", "archive://:1:1//tmp/test.zip"),
-			("archive://:5:4//tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../", "archive://:2:1//tmp/test.zip"),
+			("archive://:5:2//tmp/test.zip/../../foo/bar", "archive://:2:2//foo/bar"),
+			("archive://:4:4//tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../", "archive:////tmp/test.zip"),
+			("archive://:5:4//tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../", "archive://:1//tmp/test.zip"),
 			("archive://:4:4//tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../../", "archive:////tmp"),
+			("sftp://test//root/.config/yazi/../../Downloads", "sftp://test//root/Downloads"),
 		];
 
 		for (input, expected) in cases {
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/path/expand.rs b/yazi-fs/src/path/expand.rs
index 8dfd2fdf..d1061ba5 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/path/expand.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/path/expand.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
-use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, path::PathLike, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
-
-use crate::{CWD, path::clean_url};
+use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, path::{PathBufDyn, PathCow, PathKind, PathLike}, pool::InternStr, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}, wtf8::FromWtf8Vec};
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn expand_url<'a>(url: impl Into<UrlCow<'a>>) -> UrlBuf {
-	clean_url(expand_url_impl(url.into().as_url()))
-}
+pub fn expand_url<'a>(url: impl Into<UrlCow<'a>>) -> UrlCow<'a> { expand_url_impl(url.into()) }
 
-fn expand_url_impl<'a>(url: Url<'a>) -> UrlCow<'a> {
-	let (o_base, o_rest, o_urn) = url.loc.triple();
+fn expand_url_impl(url: UrlCow) -> UrlCow {
+	let (o_base, o_rest, o_urn) = url.triple();
 
-	let n_base = expand_variables(o_base);
-	let n_rest = expand_variables(o_rest);
-	let n_urn = expand_variables(o_urn);
+	let n_base = expand_variables(o_base.into());
+	let n_rest = expand_variables(o_rest.into());
+	let n_urn = expand_variables(o_urn.into());
+	if n_base.is_borrowed() && n_rest.is_borrowed() && n_urn.is_borrowed() {
+		return url;
+	}
 
 	let rest_diff = n_rest.components().count() as isize - o_rest.components().count() as isize;
 	let urn_diff = n_urn.components().count() as isize - o_urn.components().count() as isize;
@@ -22,21 +21,33 @@ fn expand_url_impl<'a>(url: Url<'a>) -> UrlCow<'a> {
 	let uri_count = url.uri().components().count() as isize;
 	let urn_count = url.urn().components().count() as isize;
 
-	let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
-		PathBuf::from_iter([n_base, n_rest, n_urn]),
-		(uri_count + rest_diff + urn_diff) as usize,
-		(urn_count + urn_diff) as usize,
-	)
-	.expect("Failed to create Loc from expanded path");
+	let mut path = PathBufDyn::with_capacity(url.kind(), n_base.len() + n_rest.len() + n_urn.len());
+	path.try_extend([n_base, n_rest, n_urn]).expect("extend original parts should not fail");
 
-	let url = UrlBuf { loc, scheme: url.scheme.into() };
-	match absolute_url(url.as_url()) {
-		UrlCow::Borrowed { .. } => url.into(),
-		c @ UrlCow::Owned { .. } => c.into_owned().into(),
+	let uri = (uri_count + rest_diff + urn_diff) as usize;
+	let urn = (urn_count + urn_diff) as usize;
+
+	match url.as_url() {
+		Url::Regular(_) => UrlBuf::Regular(
+			LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::with(path.into_os().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(),
+		),
+		Url::Search { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Search {
+			loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::with(path.into_os().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(),
+			domain: domain.intern(),
+		},
+		Url::Archive { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Archive {
+			loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::with(path.into_os().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(),
+			domain: domain.intern(),
+		},
+		Url::Sftp { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Sftp {
+			loc:    LocBuf::<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>::with(path.into_unix().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(),
+			domain: domain.intern(),
+		},
 	}
+	.into()
 }
 
-fn expand_variables(p: &Path) -> Cow<'_, Path> {
+fn expand_variables(p: PathCow) -> PathCow {
 	// ${HOME} or $HOME
 	#[cfg(unix)]
 	let re = regex::bytes::Regex::new(r"\$(?:\{([^}]+)\}|([a-zA-Z\d_]+))").unwrap();
@@ -45,7 +56,7 @@ fn expand_variables(p: &Path) -> Cow<'_, Path> {
 	#[cfg(windows)]
 	let re = regex::bytes::Regex::new(r"%([^%]+)%").unwrap();
 
-	let b = p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
+	let b = p.encoded_bytes();
 	let b = re.replace_all(b, |caps: &regex::bytes::Captures| {
 		let name = caps.get(2).or_else(|| caps.get(1)).unwrap();
 		str::from_utf8(name.as_bytes())
@@ -54,51 +65,12 @@ fn expand_variables(p: &Path) -> Cow<'_, Path> {
 			.map_or_else(|| caps.get(0).unwrap().as_bytes().to_owned(), |s| s.into_encoded_bytes())
 	});
 
-	unsafe {
-		match b {
-			Cow::Borrowed(b) => Path::new(OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(b)).into(),
-			Cow::Owned(b) => PathBuf::from(OsString::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(b)).into(),
+	match (b, p.kind()) {
+		(Cow::Borrowed(_), _) => p,
+		(Cow::Owned(b), PathKind::Os) => {
+			PathBufDyn::Os(std::path::PathBuf::from_wtf8_vec(b).expect("valid WTF-8 path")).into()
 		}
-	}
-}
-
-pub fn absolute_url<'a>(url: Url<'a>) -> UrlCow<'a> {
-	if url.scheme.is_virtual() {
-		return url.into();
-	}
-
-	let b = url.loc.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
-	if cfg!(windows) && b.len() == 2 && b[1] == b':' && b[0].is_ascii_alphabetic() {
-		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
-			format!(r"{}:\", b[0].to_ascii_uppercase() as char).into(),
-			if url.has_base() { 0 } else { 2 },
-			if url.has_trail() { 0 } else { 2 },
-		)
-		.expect("Failed to create Loc from drive letter");
-		UrlBuf { loc, scheme: url.scheme.into() }.into()
-	} else if let Some(rest) = url.loc.strip_prefix("~/")
-		&& let Some(home) = dirs::home_dir()
-		&& home.is_absolute()
-	{
-		let add = home.components().count() - 1; // Home root ("~") has offset by the absolute root ("/")
-		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
-			home.join(rest),
-			url.uri().components().count() + if url.has_base() { 0 } else { add },
-			url.urn().components().count() + if url.has_trail() { 0 } else { add },
-		)
-		.expect("Failed to create Loc from home directory");
-		UrlBuf { loc, scheme: url.scheme.into() }.into()
-	} else if !url.is_absolute() {
-		let cwd = CWD.path();
-		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
-			cwd.join(url.loc),
-			url.uri().components().count(),
-			url.urn().components().count(),
-		)
-		.expect("Failed to create Loc from relative path");
-		UrlBuf { loc, scheme: url.scheme.into() }.into()
-	} else {
-		url.into()
+		(Cow::Owned(b), PathKind::Unix) => PathBufDyn::Unix(b.into()).into(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +130,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 		for (input, expected) in cases {
 			let u: UrlBuf = input.parse()?;
-			assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", expand_url(u)), expected);
+			assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", expand_url(u).as_url()), expected);
 		}
 
 		Ok(())
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/path/path.rs b/yazi-fs/src/path/path.rs
index 1f3803ec..c1b46fcd 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/path/path.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/path/path.rs
@@ -1,91 +1,11 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr};
+use yazi_shared::{strand::StrandCow, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
-use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
-
-pub fn skip_url(url: &UrlBuf, n: usize) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> {
+pub fn skip_url(url: &UrlBuf, n: usize) -> StrandCow<'_> {
 	let mut it = url.components();
 	for _ in 0..n {
 		if it.next().is_none() {
-			return OsStr::new("").into();
-		}
-	}
-	it.os_str()
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-pub fn backslash_to_slash(p: &std::path::Path) -> Cow<'_, std::path::Path> {
-	use std::{ffi::OsString, path::PathBuf};
-	let bytes = p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
-
-	// Fast path to skip if there are no backslashes
-	let skip_len = bytes.iter().take_while(|&&b| b != b'\\').count();
-	if skip_len >= bytes.len() {
-		return Cow::Borrowed(p);
-	}
-
-	let (skip, rest) = bytes.split_at(skip_len);
-	let mut out = Vec::new();
-	out.try_reserve_exact(bytes.len()).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!());
-	out.extend(skip);
-
-	for &b in rest {
-		out.push(if b == b'\\' { b'/' } else { b });
-	}
-	Cow::Owned(PathBuf::from(unsafe { OsString::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(out) }))
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-	use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, UrlCow};
-
-	use crate::path::url_relative_to;
-
-	#[test]
-	fn test_url_relative_to() {
-		yazi_shared::init_tests();
-
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		let cases = [
-			// Same urls
-			("", "", "."),
-			(".", ".", "."),
-			("/a", "/a", "."),
-			("regular:///", "/", "."),
-			("regular://", "regular://", "."),
-			("regular://", "search://kw/", "search://kw/."),
-			("regular:///b", "search://kw//b", "search://kw/."),
-			// Relative urls
-			("foo", "bar", "../bar"),
-			// Absolute urls
-			("/a/b/c", "/a/b", ".."),
-			("/a/b", "/a/b/c", "c"),
-			("/a/b/d", "/a/b/c", "../c"),
-			("/a/b/c", "/a", "../.."),
-			("/a/b/b", "/a/a/b", "../../a/b"),
-			("regular:///a/b", "regular:///a/b/c", "c"),
-			("/a/b/c/", "search://kw//a/d/", "search://kw/../../d"),
-			("search://kw//a/b/c", "search://kw//a/b", "search://kw/.."),
-			// Different schemes
-			("", "sftp://test/", "sftp://test/"),
-			("a", "sftp://test/", "sftp://test/"),
-			("a", "sftp://test/b", "sftp://test/b"),
-			("/a", "sftp://test//b", "sftp://test//b"),
-			("sftp://test//a/b", "sftp://test//a/d", "sftp://test:0:0/../d"),
-		];
-
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		let cases = [
-			(r"C:\a\b\c", r"C:\a\b", r".."),
-			(r"C:\a\b", r"C:\a\b\c", "c"),
-			(r"C:\a\b\d", r"C:\a\b\c", r"..\c"),
-			(r"C:\a\b\c", r"C:\a", r"..\.."),
-			(r"C:\a\b\b", r"C:\a\a\b", r"..\..\a\b"),
-		];
-
-		for (from, to, expected) in cases {
-			let from: UrlCow = from.try_into().unwrap();
-			let to: UrlCow = to.try_into().unwrap();
-			assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", url_relative_to(from, to).unwrap().as_url()), expected);
+			return StrandCow::default();
 		}
 	}
+	it.strand()
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/path/percent.rs b/yazi-fs/src/path/percent.rs
index a2c97300..0656a347 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/path/percent.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/path/percent.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,32 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
 
+use anyhow::Result;
 use percent_encoding::{AsciiSet, CONTROLS, percent_decode, percent_encode};
-use yazi_shared::loc::Loc;
+use yazi_shared::path::{PathCow, PathDyn, PathKind};
 
 const SET: &AsciiSet =
 	&CONTROLS.add(b'"').add(b'*').add(b':').add(b'<').add(b'>').add(b'?').add(b'\\').add(b'|');
 
-pub trait PercentEncoding {
-	fn percent_encode(&self) -> Cow<'_, Path>;
+pub trait PercentEncoding<'a> {
+	fn percent_encode(self) -> Cow<'a, Path>;
 
-	fn percent_decode(&self) -> Cow<'_, [u8]>;
+	fn percent_decode<K>(self, kind: K) -> Result<PathCow<'a>>
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>;
 }
 
-impl PercentEncoding for Path {
-	fn percent_encode(&self) -> Cow<'_, Path> {
-		match percent_encode(self.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes(), SET).into() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(_) => self.into(),
+impl<'a> PercentEncoding<'a> for PathDyn<'a> {
+	fn percent_encode(self) -> Cow<'a, Path> {
+		match percent_encode(self.encoded_bytes(), SET).into() {
+			Cow::Borrowed(s) => Path::new(s).into(),
 			Cow::Owned(s) => PathBuf::from(s).into(),
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn percent_decode(&self) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
-		match percent_decode(self.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes()).into() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(_) => self.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes().into(),
-			Cow::Owned(s) => s.into(),
-		}
+	fn percent_decode<K>(self, kind: K) -> Result<PathCow<'a>>
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+	{
+		PathCow::with(kind, percent_decode(self.encoded_bytes()))
 	}
 }
-
-impl PercentEncoding for Loc<'_> {
-	fn percent_encode(&self) -> Cow<'_, Path> { self.as_path().percent_encode() }
-
-	fn percent_decode(&self) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> { self.as_path().percent_decode() }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs b/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs
index d584e908..7b0808e2 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs
@@ -1,40 +1,35 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
-
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
-use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::path::{PathBufDyn, PathCow, PathDyn, PathLike};
 
-pub fn path_relative_to<'a>(
-	from: impl AsRef<Path>,
-	to: &'a impl AsRef<Path>,
-) -> Result<Cow<'a, Path>> {
-	Ok(match url_relative_to(from.as_ref().into(), to.as_ref().into())? {
-		UrlCow::Borrowed { loc, .. } => Cow::Borrowed(loc.as_path()),
-		UrlCow::Owned { loc, .. } => Cow::Owned(loc.into_path()),
-	})
+pub fn path_relative_to<'a, 'b, P, Q>(from: P, to: Q) -> Result<PathCow<'b>>
+where
+	P: Into<PathCow<'a>>,
+	Q: Into<PathCow<'b>>,
+{
+	path_relative_to_impl(from.into(), to.into())
 }
 
-pub(super) fn url_relative_to<'a>(from: UrlCow<'_>, to: UrlCow<'a>) -> Result<UrlCow<'a>> {
-	use yazi_shared::url::Component::*;
+fn path_relative_to_impl<'a>(from: PathCow<'_>, to: PathCow<'a>) -> Result<PathCow<'a>> {
+	use yazi_shared::path::Component::*;
 
 	if from.is_absolute() != to.is_absolute() {
 		return if to.is_absolute() {
 			Ok(to)
 		} else {
-			bail!("Urls must be both absolute or both relative: {from:?} and {to:?}");
+			bail!("Paths must be both absolute or both relative: {from:?} and {to:?}");
 		};
 	}
 
-	if from.covariant(&to) {
-		return Ok(UrlBuf { loc: LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed("."), scheme: to.scheme().into() }.into());
+	if from == to {
+		return Ok(PathDyn::with_str(from.kind(), ".").into());
 	}
 
 	let (mut f_it, mut t_it) = (from.components(), to.components());
 	let (f_head, t_head) = loop {
 		match (f_it.next(), t_it.next()) {
-			(Some(Scheme(a)), Some(Scheme(b))) if a.covariant(b) => {}
 			(Some(RootDir), Some(RootDir)) => {}
 			(Some(Prefix(a)), Some(Prefix(b))) if a == b => {}
-			(Some(Scheme(_) | Prefix(_) | RootDir), _) | (_, Some(Scheme(_) | Prefix(_) | RootDir)) => {
+			(Some(Prefix(_) | RootDir), _) | (_, Some(Prefix(_) | RootDir)) => {
 				return Ok(to);
 			}
 			(None, None) => break (None, None),
@@ -46,6 +41,51 @@ pub(super) fn url_relative_to<'a>(from: UrlCow<'_>, to: UrlCow<'a>) -> Result<Ur
 	let dots = f_head.into_iter().chain(f_it).map(|_| ParentDir);
 	let rest = t_head.into_iter().chain(t_it);
 
-	let buf: PathBuf = dots.chain(rest).collect();
-	Ok(UrlBuf { loc: LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(buf), scheme: to.scheme().into() }.into())
+	let buf = PathBufDyn::from_components(from.kind(), dots.chain(rest))?;
+	Ok(buf.into())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use yazi_shared::path::PathDyn;
+
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_path_relative_to() {
+		yazi_shared::init_tests();
+
+		#[cfg(unix)]
+		let cases = [
+			// Same paths
+			("", "", "."),
+			(".", ".", "."),
+			("/", "/", "."),
+			("/a", "/a", "."),
+			// Relative paths
+			("foo", "bar", "../bar"),
+			// Absolute paths
+			("/a/b", "/a/b/c", "c"),
+			("/a/b/c", "/a/b", ".."),
+			("/a/b/d", "/a/b/c", "../c"),
+			("/a/b/c", "/a", "../.."),
+			("/a/b/c/", "/a/d/", "../../d"),
+			("/a/b/b", "/a/a/b", "../../a/b"),
+		];
+
+		#[cfg(windows)]
+		let cases = [
+			(r"C:\a\b", r"C:\a\b\c", "c"),
+			(r"C:\a\b\c", r"C:\a\b", r".."),
+			(r"C:\a\b\d", r"C:\a\b\c", r"..\c"),
+			(r"C:\a\b\c", r"C:\a", r"..\.."),
+			(r"C:\a\b\b", r"C:\a\a\b", r"..\..\a\b"),
+		];
+
+		for (from, to, expected) in cases {
+			let from = PathDyn::Os(from.as_ref());
+			let to = PathDyn::Os(to.as_ref());
+			assert_eq!(path_relative_to(from, to).unwrap().to_str().unwrap(), expected);
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/attrs.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/attrs.rs
index 8f4955a1..0746fa4d 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/attrs.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/attrs.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
 use crate::cha::{Cha, ChaMode};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Attrs {
 	pub mode:  Option<ChaMode>,
 	pub atime: Option<SystemTime>,
@@ -16,35 +16,57 @@ impl From<Cha> for Attrs {
 	}
 }
 
-impl From<Attrs> for std::fs::FileTimes {
-	fn from(attrs: Attrs) -> Self {
-		let mut t = Self::new();
+impl TryFrom<Attrs> for std::fs::FileTimes {
+	type Error = ();
 
-		if let Some(atime) = attrs.atime {
+	fn try_from(value: Attrs) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		if !value.has_times() {
+			return Err(());
+		}
+
+		let mut t = Self::new();
+		if let Some(atime) = value.atime {
 			t = t.set_accessed(atime);
 		}
 
 		#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-		if let Some(btime) = attrs.btime {
+		if let Some(btime) = value.btime {
 			use std::os::macos::fs::FileTimesExt;
 			t = t.set_created(btime);
 		}
 
 		#[cfg(windows)]
-		if let Some(btime) = attrs.btime {
+		if let Some(btime) = value.btime {
 			use std::os::windows::fs::FileTimesExt;
 			t = t.set_created(btime);
 		}
 
-		if let Some(mtime) = attrs.mtime {
+		if let Some(mtime) = value.mtime {
 			t = t.set_modified(mtime);
 		}
 
-		t
+		Ok(t)
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Attrs> for std::fs::Permissions {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(value: Attrs) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		#[cfg(unix)]
+		if let Some(mode) = value.mode {
+			return Ok(mode.into());
+		}
+
+		Err(())
 	}
 }
 
 impl Attrs {
+	pub fn has_times(self) -> bool {
+		self.atime.is_some() || self.btime.is_some() || self.mtime.is_some()
+	}
+
 	pub fn atime_dur(self) -> Option<Duration> { self.atime?.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).ok() }
 
 	pub fn btime_dur(self) -> Option<Duration> { self.btime?.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).ok() }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/capabilities.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/capabilities.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..323bbf95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/capabilities.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct Capabilities {
+	pub symlink: bool,
+}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/absolute.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/absolute.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d22cceda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/absolute.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, pool::InternStr, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+
+use crate::CWD;
+
+pub fn try_absolute<'a, U>(url: U) -> Option<UrlCow<'a>>
+where
+	U: Into<UrlCow<'a>>,
+{
+	try_absolute_impl(url.into())
+}
+
+fn try_absolute_impl<'a>(url: UrlCow<'a>) -> Option<UrlCow<'a>> {
+	if url.kind().is_virtual() {
+		return None;
+	}
+
+	let path = url.loc().as_os().expect("must be a local path");
+	let b = path.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
+
+	let loc = if cfg!(windows) && b.len() == 2 && b[1] == b':' && b[0].is_ascii_alphabetic() {
+		LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
+			format!(r"{}:\", b[0].to_ascii_uppercase() as char).into(),
+			if url.has_base() { 0 } else { 2 },
+			if url.has_trail() { 0 } else { 2 },
+		)
+		.expect("Loc from drive letter")
+	} else if let Ok(rest) = path.strip_prefix("~/")
+		&& let Some(home) = dirs::home_dir()
+		&& home.is_absolute()
+	{
+		let add = home.components().count() - 1; // Home root ("~") has offset by the absolute root ("/")
+		LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
+			home.join(rest),
+			url.uri().components().count() + if url.has_base() { 0 } else { add },
+			url.urn().components().count() + if url.has_trail() { 0 } else { add },
+		)
+		.expect("Loc from home directory")
+	} else if !url.is_absolute() {
+		LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(
+			CWD.path().join(path),
+			url.uri().components().count(),
+			url.urn().components().count(),
+		)
+		.expect("Loc from relative path")
+	} else {
+		return Some(url);
+	};
+
+	Some(match url.as_url() {
+		Url::Regular(_) => UrlBuf::Regular(loc).into(),
+		Url::Search { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Search { loc, domain: domain.intern() }.into(),
+		Url::Archive { .. } | Url::Sftp { .. } => None?,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/casefold.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/casefold.rs
index c34e1c17..7684b603 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/casefold.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/casefold.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
 
-pub async fn must_case_match(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> bool {
+pub async fn match_name_case(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> bool {
 	let path = path.as_ref();
-	casefold(path).await.is_ok_and(|p| p == path)
+	casefold(path).await.is_ok_and(|p| p.file_name() == path.file_name())
 }
 
 pub(super) async fn casefold(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ fn casefold_impl(path: PathBuf) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+#[allow(irrefutable_let_patterns)]
 fn casefold_impl(path: PathBuf) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
 	use std::{ffi::{CString, OsStr, OsString}, fs::File, os::{fd::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd}, unix::{ffi::{OsStrExt, OsStringExt}, fs::MetadataExt}}};
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ fn casefold_impl(path: PathBuf) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
 
 	let cstr = CString::new(path.into_os_string().into_vec())?;
 	let path = Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(cstr.as_bytes()));
-	let Some(parent) = path.parent() else {
+	let Some((parent, name)) = path.parent().zip(path.file_name()) else {
 		return Ok(PathBuf::from(OsString::from_vec(cstr.into_bytes())));
 	};
 
@@ -64,34 +65,49 @@ fn casefold_impl(path: PathBuf) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
 	};
 
 	// Fast path: if the `/proc/self/fd/N` matches
-	let oss = path.as_os_str();
 	if let Ok(p) = std::fs::read_link(format!("/proc/self/fd/{}", file.as_raw_fd()))
-		&& let Some(b) = p.as_os_str().as_bytes().get(..oss.len())
-		&& b.eq_ignore_ascii_case(oss.as_bytes())
+		&& let path = path.as_os_str()
+		&& let Some(b) = p.as_os_str().as_bytes().get(..path.len())
+		&& b.eq_ignore_ascii_case(path.as_bytes())
 	{
 		let mut b = p.into_os_string().into_vec();
-		b.truncate(oss.len());
+		b.truncate(path.len());
 		return Ok(PathBuf::from(OsString::from_vec(b)));
 	}
 
-	// Fallback: scan the directory for matching inodes
+	// Fast path: if the file isn't a symlink
 	let meta = file.metadata()?;
-	let mut entries: Vec<_> = std::fs::read_dir(parent)?
-		.filter_map(Result::ok)
-		.filter_map(|e| e.metadata().ok().map(|m| (e, m)))
-		.filter(|(_, m)| m.dev() == meta.dev() && m.ino() == meta.ino())
-		.map(|(e, _)| e.path())
-		.collect();
+	if !meta.is_symlink()
+		&& let Some(n) = path.canonicalize()?.file_name()
+	{
+		return Ok(parent.join(n));
+	}
 
-	if entries.len() == 1 {
+	// Fallback: scan the directory for matching inodes
+	let mut names = vec![];
+	for entry in std::fs::read_dir(parent)? {
+		let entry = entry?;
+		let n = entry.file_name(); // TODO: use `file_name_ref()` when stabilized
+
+		if n == name {
+			return Ok(PathBuf::from(OsString::from_vec(cstr.into_bytes())));
+		} else if let m = entry.metadata()?
+			&& m.ino() == meta.ino()
+			&& m.dev() == meta.dev()
+		{
+			names.push(n);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if names.len() == 1 {
 		// No hardlink that shares the same inode
-		Ok(entries.remove(0))
-	} else if let Some(i) = entries.iter().position(|p| p == path) {
-		// Exact match
-		Ok(entries.swap_remove(i))
-	} else if let Some(i) = entries.iter().position(|p| p.as_os_str().eq_ignore_ascii_case(oss)) {
+		Ok(parent.join(&names[0]))
+	} else if let mut it = names.iter().enumerate().filter(|&(_, n)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name))
+		&& let Some((i, _)) = it.next()
+		&& it.next().is_none()
+	{
 		// Case-insensitive match
-		Ok(entries.swap_remove(i))
+		Ok(parent.join(&names[i]))
 	} else {
 		Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::NotFound))
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/copier.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/copier.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e95ddd69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/copier.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+use std::{io, path::PathBuf};
+
+use tokio::{select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}};
+
+use crate::provider::Attrs;
+
+pub(super) async fn copy_impl(from: PathBuf, to: PathBuf, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64> {
+	#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+	{
+		use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+
+		tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+			let mut opts = std::fs::OpenOptions::new();
+			if let Some(mode) = attrs.mode {
+				opts.mode(mode.bits() as _);
+			}
+
+			let mut reader = std::fs::File::open(from)?;
+			let mut writer = opts.write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(to)?;
+			let written = std::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)?;
+
+			if let Some(mode) = attrs.mode {
+				writer.set_permissions(mode.into()).ok();
+			}
+			if let Ok(times) = attrs.try_into() {
+				writer.set_times(times).ok();
+			}
+
+			Ok(written)
+		})
+		.await?
+	}
+
+	#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+	{
+		tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+			let written = std::fs::copy(from, &to)?;
+
+			if let Ok(times) = attrs.try_into()
+				&& let Ok(file) = std::fs::File::options().write(true).open(to)
+			{
+				file.set_times(times).ok();
+			}
+
+			Ok(written)
+		})
+		.await?
+	}
+}
+
+pub(super) fn copy_with_progress_impl(
+	from: PathBuf,
+	to: PathBuf,
+	attrs: Attrs,
+) -> mpsc::Receiver<Result<u64, io::Error>> {
+	let (prog_tx, prog_rx) = mpsc::channel(10);
+	let (done_tx, mut done_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
+	tokio::spawn({
+		let to = to.clone();
+		async move {
+			done_tx.send(copy_impl(from, to, attrs).await).ok();
+		}
+	});
+
+	tokio::spawn({
+		let prog_tx = prog_tx.clone();
+		async move {
+			let mut last = 0;
+			let mut done = None;
+			loop {
+				select! {
+					res = &mut done_rx => done = Some(res.unwrap()),
+					_ = prog_tx.closed() => break,
+					_ = tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)) => {},
+				}
+
+				match done {
+					Some(Ok(len)) => {
+						if len > last {
+							prog_tx.send(Ok(len - last)).await.ok();
+						}
+						prog_tx.send(Ok(0)).await.ok();
+						break;
+					}
+					Some(Err(e)) => {
+						prog_tx.send(Err(e)).await.ok();
+						break;
+					}
+					None => {}
+				}
+
+				let len = tokio::fs::symlink_metadata(&to).await.map(|m| m.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+				if len > last {
+					prog_tx.send(Ok(len - last)).await.ok();
+					last = len;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	});
+
+	prog_rx
+}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/dir_entry.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/dir_entry.rs
index d8985e5b..aa126a85 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/dir_entry.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/dir_entry.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,47 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, io, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{io, sync::Arc};
+
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathBufDyn, strand::StrandCow, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 use crate::{cha::{Cha, ChaType}, provider::FileHolder};
 
-pub struct DirEntry(pub(super) tokio::fs::DirEntry);
+pub enum DirEntry {
+	Regular(tokio::fs::DirEntry),
+	Others { entry: tokio::fs::DirEntry, dir: Arc<UrlBuf> },
+}
 
 impl FileHolder for DirEntry {
-	fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.0.path() }
-
-	fn name(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> { self.0.file_name().into() }
-
-	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
-		let name = self.name(); // TODO: use `file_name_os_str` when stabilized
-		Ok(Cha::new(&name, self.0.metadata().await?))
+	async fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<ChaType> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(entry) | Self::Others { entry, .. } => entry.file_type().await.map(Into::into),
+		}
 	}
 
-	async fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<ChaType> { self.0.file_type().await.map(Into::into) }
+	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
+		let meta = match self {
+			Self::Regular(entry) | Self::Others { entry, .. } => entry.metadata().await?,
+		};
+
+		Ok(Cha::new(self.name(), meta)) // TODO: use `file_name_os_str` when stabilized
+	}
+
+	fn name(&self) -> StrandCow<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(entry) | Self::Others { entry, .. } => entry.file_name().into(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn path(&self) -> PathBufDyn {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(entry) | Self::Others { entry, .. } => entry.path().into(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn url(&self) -> UrlBuf {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(entry) => entry.path().into(),
+			Self::Others { entry, dir } => {
+				dir.try_join(entry.file_name()).expect("entry name is a valid component of the local URL")
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/gate.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/gate.rs
index dfa21949..2136b2ec 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/gate.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/gate.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::{io, path::Path};
+use std::io;
 
-use yazi_shared::scheme::SchemeRef;
+use yazi_shared::url::AsUrl;
 
 use crate::provider::{Attrs, FileBuilder};
 
@@ -33,19 +33,16 @@ impl FileBuilder for Gate {
 		self
 	}
 
-	async fn new(scheme: SchemeRef<'_>) -> io::Result<Self> {
-		if scheme.is_local() {
-			Ok(Self::default())
-		} else {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Not a local filesystem"))?
-		}
-	}
-
-	async fn open<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::File>
+	async fn open<U>(&self, url: U) -> io::Result<Self::File>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
+		U: AsUrl,
 	{
-		self.0.open(path).await
+		let url = url.as_url();
+		if let Some(path) = url.as_local() {
+			self.0.open(path).await
+		} else {
+			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, format!("Not a local URL: {url:?}")))
+		}
 	}
 
 	fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut Self {
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs
index 49d297c2..a9abe8fc 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs
@@ -1,206 +1,193 @@
-use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::{io, path::Path, sync::Arc};
 
-use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, UrlCow};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, scheme::SchemeKind, strand::AsStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
-use crate::{cha::Cha, path::absolute_url, provider::{Attrs, Provider}};
+use crate::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Capabilities, Provider}};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct Local;
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Local<'a> {
+	url:  Url<'a>,
+	path: &'a Path,
+}
 
-impl Provider for Local {
+impl<'a> Provider for Local<'a> {
 	type File = tokio::fs::File;
 	type Gate = super::Gate;
+	type Me<'b> = Local<'b>;
 	type ReadDir = super::ReadDir;
+	type UrlCow = UrlCow<'a>;
 
-	async fn absolute<'a, U>(&self, url: &'a U) -> io::Result<UrlCow<'a>>
+	async fn absolute(&self) -> io::Result<Self::UrlCow> {
+		super::try_absolute(self.url)
+			.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("Cannot get absolute path for local URL"))
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn canonicalize(&self) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		tokio::fs::canonicalize(self.path).await.map(Into::into)
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	fn capabilities(&self) -> Capabilities { Capabilities { symlink: true } }
+
+	async fn casefold(&self) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		super::casefold(self.path).await.map(Into::into)
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn copy<P>(&self, to: P, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
 	where
-		U: AsUrl,
+		P: AsPath,
 	{
-		let url = url.as_url();
-		if url.scheme.is_local() {
-			Ok(absolute_url(url))
-		} else {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Not a local URL"))
+		let to = to.as_path().to_os_owned()?;
+		let from = self.path.to_owned();
+		super::copy_impl(from, to, attrs).await
+	}
+
+	fn copy_with_progress<P, A>(&self, to: P, attrs: A) -> io::Result<mpsc::Receiver<io::Result<u64>>>
+	where
+		P: AsPath,
+		A: Into<Attrs>,
+	{
+		let to = to.as_path().to_os_owned()?;
+		let from = self.path.to_owned();
+		Ok(super::copy_with_progress_impl(from, to, attrs.into()))
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn create_dir(&self) -> io::Result<()> { tokio::fs::create_dir(self.path).await }
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn create_dir_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> { tokio::fs::create_dir_all(self.path).await }
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn hard_link<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	where
+		P: AsPath,
+	{
+		let to = to.as_path().as_os()?;
+
+		tokio::fs::hard_link(self.path, to).await
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
+		Ok(Cha::new(self.path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), tokio::fs::metadata(self.path).await?))
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn new<'b>(url: Url<'b>) -> io::Result<Self::Me<'b>> {
+		match url {
+			Url::Regular(loc) | Url::Search { loc, .. } => Ok(Self::Me { url, path: loc.as_inner() }),
+			Url::Archive { .. } | Url::Sftp { .. } => {
+				Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, format!("Not a local URL: {url:?}")))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn canonicalize<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::canonicalize(path).await
-	}
-
-	async fn casefold<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		super::casefold(path).await
+	async fn read_dir(self) -> io::Result<Self::ReadDir> {
+		Ok(match self.url.kind() {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::ReadDir::Regular(tokio::fs::read_dir(self.path).await?),
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::ReadDir::Others {
+				reader: tokio::fs::read_dir(self.path).await?,
+				dir:    Arc::new(self.url.to_owned()),
+			},
+			SchemeKind::Archive | SchemeKind::Sftp => Err(io::Error::new(
+				io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+				format!("Not a local URL: {:?}", self.url),
+			))?,
+		})
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn copy<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let from = from.as_ref().to_owned();
-		let to = to.as_ref().to_owned();
-		Self::copy_impl(from, to, attrs).await
+	async fn read_link(&self) -> io::Result<PathBufDyn> {
+		Ok(tokio::fs::read_link(self.path).await?.into())
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn create_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn remove_dir(&self) -> io::Result<()> { tokio::fs::remove_dir(self.path).await }
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn remove_dir_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> { tokio::fs::remove_dir_all(self.path).await }
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn remove_file(&self) -> io::Result<()> { tokio::fs::remove_file(self.path).await }
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn rename<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: AsPath,
 	{
-		tokio::fs::create_dir(path).await
+		let to = to.as_path().as_os()?;
+
+		tokio::fs::rename(self.path, to).await
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn create_dir_all<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::create_dir_all(path).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn gate(&self) -> io::Result<Self::Gate> { Ok(Self::Gate::default()) }
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn hard_link<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::hard_link(original, link).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Cha>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_ref();
-		Ok(Cha::new(path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), tokio::fs::metadata(path).await?))
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn read_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::ReadDir>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::read_dir(path).await.map(super::ReadDir)
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn read_link<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::read_link(path).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn remove_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::remove_dir(path).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn remove_dir_all<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::remove_dir_all(path).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn remove_file<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::remove_file(path).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn rename<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::rename(from, to).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink<P, Q, F>(&self, original: P, link: Q, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 	{
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
-			tokio::fs::symlink(original, link).await
+			let original = original.as_strand().as_os()?;
+			tokio::fs::symlink(original, self.path).await
 		}
 		#[cfg(windows)]
 		if _is_dir().await? {
-			self.symlink_dir(original, link).await
+			self.symlink_dir(original).await
 		} else {
-			self.symlink_file(original, link).await
+			self.symlink_file(original).await
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink_dir<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_dir<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
+		let original = original.as_strand().as_os()?;
+
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
-			tokio::fs::symlink(original, link).await
+			tokio::fs::symlink(original, self.path).await
 		}
 		#[cfg(windows)]
 		{
-			tokio::fs::symlink_dir(original, link).await
+			tokio::fs::symlink_dir(original, self.path).await
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink_file<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_file<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
+		let original = original.as_strand().as_os()?;
+
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
-			tokio::fs::symlink(original, link).await
+			tokio::fs::symlink(original, self.path).await
 		}
 		#[cfg(windows)]
 		{
-			tokio::fs::symlink_file(original, link).await
+			tokio::fs::symlink_file(original, self.path).await
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink_metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Cha>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_ref();
-		Ok(Cha::new(path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), tokio::fs::symlink_metadata(path).await?))
+	async fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
+		Ok(Cha::new(
+			self.path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(),
+			tokio::fs::symlink_metadata(self.path).await?,
+		))
 	}
 
-	async fn trash<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_ref().to_owned();
+	async fn trash(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		let path = self.path.to_owned();
 		tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
 			#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
 			{
@@ -222,69 +209,31 @@ impl Provider for Local {
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn write<P, C>(&self, path: P, contents: C) -> io::Result<()>
+	fn url(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.url }
+
+	#[inline]
+	async fn write<C>(&self, contents: C) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
 		C: AsRef<[u8]>,
 	{
-		tokio::fs::write(path, contents).await
+		tokio::fs::write(self.path, contents).await
 	}
 }
 
-impl Local {
-	async fn copy_impl(from: PathBuf, to: PathBuf, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64> {
-		#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
-		{
-			use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+impl<'a> Local<'a> {
+	#[inline]
+	pub async fn read(&self) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> { tokio::fs::read(self.path).await }
 
-			tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-				let mut opts = std::fs::OpenOptions::new();
-				if let Some(mode) = attrs.mode {
-					opts.mode(mode.bits() as _);
-				}
-
-				let mut reader = std::fs::File::open(from)?;
-				let mut writer = opts.write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(to)?;
-				let written = std::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)?;
-
-				if let Some(mode) = attrs.mode {
-					writer.set_permissions(mode.into()).ok();
-				}
-				writer.set_times(attrs.into()).ok();
-
-				Ok(written)
-			})
-			.await?
-		}
-
-		#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
-		{
-			tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-				let written = std::fs::copy(from, &to)?;
-
-				if let Ok(file) = std::fs::File::options().write(true).open(to) {
-					file.set_times(attrs.into()).ok();
-				}
-
-				Ok(written)
-			})
-			.await?
-		}
+	#[inline]
+	pub async fn read_to_string(&self) -> io::Result<String> {
+		tokio::fs::read_to_string(self.path).await
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub async fn read<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>>
+	pub fn regular<P>(path: &'a P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: ?Sized + AsRef<Path>,
 	{
-		tokio::fs::read(path).await
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub async fn read_to_string<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<String>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		tokio::fs::read_to_string(path).await
+		Self { url: Url::regular(path), path: path.as_ref() }
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/mod.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/mod.rs
index 2589b059..a7d3e2e3 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(calculator casefold dir_entry gate identical local read_dir);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(absolute calculator casefold copier dir_entry gate identical local read_dir);
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/read_dir.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/read_dir.rs
index 88790809..78ee07c9 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/read_dir.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/read_dir.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
-use std::io;
+use std::{io, sync::Arc};
+
+use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
 
 use crate::provider::DirReader;
 
-pub struct ReadDir(pub(super) tokio::fs::ReadDir);
+pub enum ReadDir {
+	Regular(tokio::fs::ReadDir),
+	Others { reader: tokio::fs::ReadDir, dir: Arc<UrlBuf> },
+}
 
 impl DirReader for ReadDir {
 	type Entry = super::DirEntry;
 
 	async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<Self::Entry>> {
-		self.0.next_entry().await.map(|entry| entry.map(super::DirEntry))
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Regular(reader) => reader.next_entry().await?.map(Self::Entry::Regular),
+			Self::Others { reader, dir } => {
+				reader.next_entry().await?.map(|entry| Self::Entry::Others { entry, dir: dir.clone() })
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/mod.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/mod.rs
index 3297b1c6..1a96a542 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(local);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(attrs traits);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(attrs capabilities traits);
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
index d5f5be44..28d38f3d 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
@@ -1,75 +1,73 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, io, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::io;
 
-use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt};
+use tokio::{io::{AsyncRead, AsyncSeek, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt}, sync::mpsc};
 use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, strand::{AsStrand, StrandCow}, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
 
-use crate::{cha::{Cha, ChaType}, provider::Attrs};
+use crate::{cha::{Cha, ChaType}, provider::{Attrs, Capabilities}};
 
-pub trait Provider {
-	type File: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin;
+pub trait Provider: Sized {
+	type File: AsyncRead + AsyncSeek + AsyncWrite + Unpin;
 	type Gate: FileBuilder<File = Self::File>;
-	type ReadDir: DirReader;
+	type ReadDir: DirReader + 'static;
+	type UrlCow;
+	type Me<'a>: Provider;
 
-	fn absolute<'a, U>(&self, url: &'a U) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<UrlCow<'a>>>
-	where
-		U: AsUrl;
+	fn absolute(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::UrlCow>>;
 
-	fn canonicalize<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<PathBuf>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn canonicalize(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<UrlBuf>>;
 
-	fn casefold<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<PathBuf>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn capabilities(&self) -> Capabilities;
 
-	fn copy<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q, attrs: Attrs) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<u64>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn casefold(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<UrlBuf>>;
 
-	fn create<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>>
+	fn copy<P>(&self, to: P, attrs: Attrs) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<u64>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		async move { self.gate().await?.write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path).await }
+		P: AsPath;
+
+	fn copy_with_progress<P, A>(
+		&self,
+		to: P,
+		attrs: A,
+	) -> io::Result<mpsc::Receiver<io::Result<u64>>>
+	where
+		P: AsPath,
+		A: Into<Attrs>;
+
+	fn create(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>> {
+		async move { self.gate().write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(self.url()).await }
 	}
 
-	fn create_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn create_dir(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>;
 
-	fn create_dir_all<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
+	fn create_dir_all(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>> {
 		async move {
-			let mut path = path.as_ref();
-			if path == Path::new("") {
+			let mut url = self.url();
+			if url.loc().is_empty() {
 				return Ok(());
 			}
 
 			let mut stack = Vec::new();
 			loop {
-				match self.create_dir(path).await {
+				match Self::new(url).await?.create_dir().await {
 					Ok(()) => break,
 					Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
-						if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
-							stack.push(path);
-							path = parent;
+						if let Some(parent) = url.parent() {
+							stack.push(url);
+							url = parent;
 						} else {
 							return Err(io::Error::other("failed to create whole tree"));
 						}
 					}
-					Err(_) if self.metadata(path).await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_dir()) => break,
+					Err(_) if Self::new(url).await?.metadata().await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_dir()) => break,
 					Err(e) => return Err(e),
 				}
 			}
 
-			while let Some(p) = stack.pop() {
-				match self.create_dir(p).await {
+			while let Some(u) = stack.pop() {
+				match Self::new(u).await?.create_dir().await {
 					Ok(()) => {}
-					Err(_) if self.metadata(p).await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_dir()) => {}
+					Err(_) if Self::new(u).await?.metadata().await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_dir()) => {}
 					Err(e) => return Err(e),
 				}
 			}
@@ -78,144 +76,123 @@ pub trait Provider {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn gate(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::Gate>>;
-
-	fn hard_link<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>;
-
-	fn metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Cha>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
-
-	fn open<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		async move { self.gate().await?.read(true).open(path).await }
+	fn create_new(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>> {
+		async move { self.gate().write(true).create_new(true).open(self.url()).await }
 	}
 
-	fn read_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::ReadDir>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn gate(&self) -> Self::Gate { Self::Gate::default() }
 
-	fn read_link<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<PathBuf>>
+	fn hard_link<P>(&self, to: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+		P: AsPath;
 
-	fn remove_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn metadata(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Cha>>;
 
-	fn remove_dir_all<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		async fn remove_dir_all_impl<P>(me: &P, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()>
+	fn new<'a>(url: Url<'a>) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::Me<'a>>>;
+
+	fn open(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>> {
+		async move { self.gate().read(true).open(self.url()).await }
+	}
+
+	fn read_dir(self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::ReadDir>>;
+
+	fn read_link(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<PathBufDyn>>;
+
+	fn remove_dir(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>;
+
+	fn remove_dir_all(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>> {
+		async fn remove_dir_all_impl<P>(url: Url<'_>) -> io::Result<()>
 		where
-			P: Provider + ?Sized,
+			P: Provider,
 		{
-			let mut it = ok_or_not_found!(me.read_dir(path).await, return Ok(()));
+			let mut it = ok_or_not_found!(P::new(url).await?.read_dir().await, return Ok(()));
 			while let Some(child) = it.next().await? {
 				let ft = ok_or_not_found!(child.file_type().await, continue);
 				let result = if ft.is_dir() {
-					Box::pin(remove_dir_all_impl(me, &child.path())).await
+					Box::pin(remove_dir_all_impl::<P>(child.url().as_url())).await
 				} else {
-					me.remove_file(&child.path()).await
+					P::new(child.url().as_url()).await?.remove_file().await
 				};
 
 				() = ok_or_not_found!(result);
 			}
 
-			Ok(ok_or_not_found!(me.remove_dir(path).await))
+			Ok(ok_or_not_found!(P::new(url).await?.remove_dir().await))
 		}
 
 		async move {
-			let path = path.as_ref();
-			let cha = ok_or_not_found!(self.symlink_metadata(path).await, return Ok(()));
+			let cha = ok_or_not_found!(self.symlink_metadata().await, return Ok(()));
 			if cha.is_link() {
-				self.remove_file(path).await
+				self.remove_file().await
 			} else {
-				remove_dir_all_impl(self, path).await
+				remove_dir_all_impl::<Self>(self.url()).await
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn remove_dir_clean<P>(&self, root: P) -> impl Future<Output = ()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let root = root.as_ref().to_path_buf();
+	fn remove_dir_clean(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>> {
+		let root = self.url().to_owned();
 
 		async move {
 			let mut stack = vec![(root, false)];
+			let mut result = Ok(());
 
 			while let Some((dir, visited)) = stack.pop() {
+				let Ok(provider) = Self::new(dir.as_url()).await else {
+					continue;
+				};
+
 				if visited {
-					self.remove_dir(&dir).await.ok();
-				} else if let Ok(mut it) = self.read_dir(&dir).await {
+					result = provider.remove_dir().await;
+				} else if let Ok(mut it) = provider.read_dir().await {
 					stack.push((dir, true));
 					while let Ok(Some(ent)) = it.next().await {
 						if ent.file_type().await.is_ok_and(|t| t.is_dir()) {
-							stack.push((ent.path(), false));
+							stack.push((ent.url(), false));
 						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
+			result
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn remove_file<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn remove_file(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>;
 
-	fn rename<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn rename<P>(&self, to: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>;
+		P: AsPath;
 
-	fn symlink<P, Q, F>(
-		&self,
-		original: P,
-		link: Q,
-		_is_dir: F,
-	) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, _is_dir: F) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>;
 
-	fn symlink_dir<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn symlink_dir<S>(&self, original: S) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
-		self.symlink(original, link, async || Ok(true))
+		self.symlink(original, async || Ok(true))
 	}
 
-	fn symlink_file<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn symlink_file<S>(&self, original: S) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
-		self.symlink(original, link, async || Ok(false))
+		self.symlink(original, async || Ok(false))
 	}
 
-	fn symlink_metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Cha>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Cha>>;
 
-	fn trash<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+	fn trash(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>;
 
-	fn write<P, C>(&self, path: P, contents: C) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn url(&self) -> Url<'_>;
+
+	fn write<C>(&self, contents: C) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
 		C: AsRef<[u8]>,
 	{
-		async move { self.create(path).await?.write_all(contents.as_ref()).await }
+		async move { self.create().await?.write_all(contents.as_ref()).await }
 	}
 }
 
@@ -223,25 +200,31 @@ pub trait Provider {
 pub trait DirReader {
 	type Entry: FileHolder;
 
+	#[must_use]
 	fn next(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Option<Self::Entry>>>;
 }
 
 // --- FileHolder
 pub trait FileHolder {
 	#[must_use]
-	fn path(&self) -> PathBuf;
+	fn file_type(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<ChaType>>;
 
 	#[must_use]
-	fn name(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr>;
-
 	fn metadata(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Cha>>;
 
-	fn file_type(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<ChaType>>;
+	#[must_use]
+	fn name(&self) -> StrandCow<'_>;
+
+	#[must_use]
+	fn path(&self) -> PathBufDyn;
+
+	#[must_use]
+	fn url(&self) -> UrlBuf;
 }
 
-// --- FileOpener
-pub trait FileBuilder {
-	type File: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin;
+// --- FileBuilder
+pub trait FileBuilder: Sized + Default {
+	type File: AsyncRead + AsyncSeek + AsyncWrite + Unpin;
 
 	fn append(&mut self, append: bool) -> &mut Self;
 
@@ -251,13 +234,9 @@ pub trait FileBuilder {
 
 	fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) -> &mut Self;
 
-	fn new(scheme: SchemeRef) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self>>
+	fn open<U>(&self, url: U) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>>
 	where
-		Self: Sized;
-
-	fn open<P>(&self, path: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>;
+		U: AsUrl;
 
 	fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut Self;
 
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/scheme.rs b/yazi-fs/src/scheme.rs
index f6a6d8d1..4eb65431 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/scheme.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/scheme.rs
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ pub trait FsScheme {
 impl FsScheme for SchemeRef<'_> {
 	fn cache(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
 		match self {
-			SchemeRef::Regular | SchemeRef::Search(_) => None,
-			SchemeRef::Archive(name) => {
-				Some(Xdg::cache_dir().join(format!("archive-{}", yazi_shared::url::Encode::domain(name))))
-			}
-			SchemeRef::Sftp(name) => {
-				Some(Xdg::cache_dir().join(format!("sftp-{}", yazi_shared::url::Encode::domain(name))))
+			Self::Regular { .. } | Self::Search { .. } => None,
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } => Some(
+				Xdg::cache_dir().join(format!("archive-{}", yazi_shared::scheme::Encode::domain(domain))),
+			),
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => {
+				Some(Xdg::cache_dir().join(format!("sftp-{}", yazi_shared::scheme::Encode::domain(domain))))
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs b/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs
index 8d85e020..2d745dc7 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
-use yazi_shared::{LcgRng, natsort, path::{PathBufDyn, PathLike}, translit::Transliterator, url::UrlLike};
+use rand::{RngCore, SeedableRng, rngs::SmallRng};
+use yazi_shared::{natsort, path::PathBufDyn, translit::Transliterator, url::UrlLike};
 
 use crate::{File, SortBy};
 
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@ impl FilesSorter {
 					self.cmp(a.url.ext(), b.url.ext(), self.promote(a, b))
 				} else {
 					self.cmp_insensitive(
-						a.url.ext().map_or(&[], |s| s.as_encoded_bytes()),
-						b.url.ext().map_or(&[], |s| s.as_encoded_bytes()),
+						a.url.ext().map_or(&[], |s| s.encoded_bytes()),
+						b.url.ext().map_or(&[], |s| s.encoded_bytes()),
 						self.promote(a, b),
 					)
 				};
@@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ impl FilesSorter {
 				if ord == Ordering::Equal { by_alphabetical(a, b) } else { ord }
 			}),
 			SortBy::Random => {
-				let mut rng = LcgRng::default();
-				items.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| self.cmp(rng.next(), rng.next(), self.promote(a, b)))
+				let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
+				items.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| self.cmp(rng.next_u64(), rng.next_u64(), self.promote(a, b)))
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/url.rs b/yazi-fs/src/url.rs
index a7c39489..ab23e9fc 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/url.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/url.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
 
-use yazi_shared::{loc::Loc, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathDyn}, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 use crate::{FsHash128, FsScheme, path::PercentEncoding};
 
@@ -24,22 +24,22 @@ pub trait FsUrl<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> FsUrl<'a> for Url<'a> {
 	fn cache(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-		fn with_loc(loc: Loc, mut path: PathBuf) -> PathBuf {
+		fn with_loc(loc: PathDyn, mut root: PathBuf) -> PathBuf {
 			let mut it = loc.components();
-			if it.next() == Some(std::path::Component::RootDir) {
-				path.push(it.as_path().percent_encode());
+			if it.next() == Some(yazi_shared::path::Component::RootDir) {
+				root.push(it.as_path().percent_encode());
 			} else {
-				path.push(".%2F");
-				path.push(loc.percent_encode());
+				root.push(".%2F");
+				root.push(loc.percent_encode());
 			}
-			path
+			root
 		}
 
-		self.scheme.cache().map(|root| with_loc(self.loc, root))
+		self.scheme().cache().map(|root| with_loc(self.loc(), root))
 	}
 
 	fn cache_lock(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-		self.scheme.cache().map(|mut root| {
+		self.scheme().cache().map(|mut root| {
 			root.push("%lock");
 			root.push(format!("{:x}", self.hash_u128()));
 			root
@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ impl<'a> FsUrl<'a> for Url<'a> {
 	}
 
 	fn unified_path(self) -> Cow<'a, Path> {
-		self.cache().map(Cow::Owned).unwrap_or_else(|| Cow::Borrowed(self.loc.as_path()))
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) | Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.as_inner().into(),
+			Self::Archive { .. } | Self::Sftp { .. } => {
+				self.cache().expect("non-local URL should have a cache path").into()
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -57,7 +62,12 @@ impl FsUrl<'_> for UrlBuf {
 	fn cache_lock(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> { self.as_url().cache_lock() }
 
 	fn unified_path(self) -> Cow<'static, Path> {
-		self.cache().unwrap_or_else(|| self.loc.into_path()).into()
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) | Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.into_inner().into(),
+			Self::Archive { .. } | Self::Sftp { .. } => {
+				self.cache().expect("non-local URL should have a cache path").into()
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -67,10 +77,12 @@ impl<'a> FsUrl<'a> for UrlCow<'a> {
 	fn cache_lock(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> { self.as_url().cache_lock() }
 
 	fn unified_path(self) -> Cow<'a, Path> {
-		match (self.cache(), self) {
-			(None, UrlCow::Borrowed { loc, .. }) => loc.as_path().into(),
-			(None, UrlCow::Owned { loc, .. }) => loc.into_path().into(),
-			(Some(cache), _) => cache.into(),
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) | Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.into_inner().into(),
+			Self::RegularRef(loc) | Self::SearchRef { loc, .. } => loc.as_inner().into(),
+			Self::Archive { .. } | Self::ArchiveRef { .. } | Self::Sftp { .. } | Self::SftpRef { .. } => {
+				self.cache().expect("non-local URL should have a cache path").into()
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-macro/Cargo.toml b/yazi-macro/Cargo.toml
index e267afe7..555f74d7 100644
--- a/yazi-macro/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-macro/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-macro"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
 description = "Yazi macros"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/yazi-macro/README.md b/yazi-macro/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..644f6fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-macro/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-macro
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-packing/Cargo.toml b/yazi-packing/Cargo.toml
index 47f5a87e..7dee5a47 100644
--- a/yazi-packing/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-packing/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-packing"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,18 +8,21 @@ description = "Yazi packing"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
-	[package.metadata.deb]
-	name                      = "yazi"
-	license-file              = [ "../LICENSE", "0" ]
-	depends                   = "file, ffmpeg, 7zip, jq, poppler-utils, fd-find|fd, ripgrep, fzf, zoxide, imagemagick, xsel|xclip|wl-clipboard"
-	recommends                = "bash-completion"
-	extended-description-file = "README.md"
-	section                   = "utility"
-	priority                  = "optional"
-	assets                    = [
-		[ "target/release/ya", "usr/bin/", "755" ],
-		[ "target/release/yazi", "usr/bin/", "755" ],
-		[ "../README.md",  "usr/share/doc/yazi/README", "644" ],
-		[ "../yazi-cli/completions/ya.bash", "usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ya", "644" ],
-		[ "../yazi-boot/completions/yazi.bash", "usr/share/bash-completion/completions/yazi", "644" ],
-	]
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[package.metadata.deb]
+name                      = "yazi"
+license-file              = [ "../LICENSE", "0" ]
+depends                   = "file, ffmpeg, 7zip, jq, poppler-utils, fd-find|fd, ripgrep, fzf, zoxide, imagemagick, xsel|xclip|wl-clipboard"
+recommends                = "bash-completion"
+extended-description-file = "README.md"
+section                   = "utility"
+priority                  = "optional"
+assets                    = [
+	[ "target/release/ya", "usr/bin/", "755" ],
+	[ "target/release/yazi", "usr/bin/", "755" ],
+	[ "../README.md",  "usr/share/doc/yazi/README", "644" ],
+	[ "../yazi-cli/completions/ya.bash", "usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ya", "644" ],
+	[ "../yazi-boot/completions/yazi.bash", "usr/share/bash-completion/completions/yazi", "644" ],
+]
diff --git a/yazi-packing/README.md b/yazi-packing/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1bcb6f63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-packing/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-packing
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-parser/Cargo.toml b/yazi-parser/Cargo.toml
index 37d7d295..6df9d215 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-parser/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-parser"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@ description = "Yazi command parser"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [features]
 default      = [ "vendored-lua" ]
 vendored-lua = [ "mlua/vendored" ]
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow        = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-parser/README.md b/yazi-parser/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..147220d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-parser/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-parser
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/app/mod.rs b/yazi-parser/src/app/mod.rs
index 66ed1206..9d5b8c11 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/app/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/app/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(deprecate mouse notify plugin stop update_progress);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(deprecate mouse notify plugin resume stop update_progress);
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/app/plugin.rs b/yazi-parser/src/app/plugin.rs
index 2413a573..5232ea8f 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/app/plugin.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/app/plugin.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for PluginOpt {
 		};
 
 		let args = if let Ok(s) = c.second() {
-			let (words, last) = yazi_shared::shell::split_unix(s, true)?;
+			let (words, last) = yazi_shared::shell::unix::split(s, true)?;
 			Cmd::parse_args(words, last)?
 		} else {
 			Default::default()
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/app/resume.rs b/yazi-parser/src/app/resume.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7154a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/app/resume.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+use yazi_shared::event::CmdCow;
+
+pub struct ResumeOpt {
+	pub tx: Option<oneshot::Sender<()>>,
+}
+
+impl From<CmdCow> for ResumeOpt {
+	fn from(mut c: CmdCow) -> Self { Self { tx: c.take_any("tx") } }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/cmp/show.rs b/yazi-parser/src/cmp/show.rs
index 13508a7d..8984c6c9 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/cmp/show.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/cmp/show.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsString, path::{MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR, PathBuf}};
+use std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR;
 
 use anyhow::bail;
 use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
-use yazi_shared::{Id, event::CmdCow, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, event::CmdCow, path::PathBufDyn, strand::{StrandBuf, StrandLike}, url::UrlBuf};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ShowOpt {
 	pub cache:      Vec<CmpItem>,
 	pub cache_name: UrlBuf,
-	pub word:       PathBuf,
+	pub word:       PathBufDyn,
 	pub ticket:     Id,
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl IntoLua for ShowOpt {
 // --- Item
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct CmpItem {
-	pub name:   OsString,
+	pub name:   StrandBuf,
 	pub is_dir: bool,
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/input/complete.rs b/yazi-parser/src/input/complete.rs
index 557aad21..cf461b48 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/input/complete.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/input/complete.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use crate::cmp::CmpItem;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CompleteOpt {
-	pub item:    CmpItem,
-	pub _ticket: Id, // FIXME: not used
+	pub item:   CmpItem,
+	pub ticket: Id,
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for CompleteOpt {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for CompleteOpt {
 			bail!("Invalid 'item' in CompleteOpt");
 		};
 
-		Ok(Self { item, _ticket: c.get("ticket").unwrap_or_default() })
+		Ok(Self { item, ticket: c.get("ticket").unwrap_or_default() })
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/cd.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/cd.rs
index d26c3baa..766651f3 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/cd.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/cd.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
-use yazi_fs::path::expand_url;
-use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use yazi_fs::path::{clean_url, expand_url};
+use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::{Url, UrlBuf}};
+use yazi_vfs::provider;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CdOpt {
-	pub target:      UrlCow<'static>,
+	pub target:      UrlBuf,
 	pub interactive: bool,
 	pub source:      CdSource,
 }
@@ -14,22 +16,26 @@ impl From<CmdCow> for CdOpt {
 		let mut target = c.take_first().unwrap_or_default();
 
 		if !c.bool("raw") {
-			target = expand_url(target).into();
+			target = expand_url(target);
 		}
 
-		Self { target, interactive: c.bool("interactive"), source: CdSource::Cd }
-	}
-}
+		if let Some(u) = provider::try_absolute(&target)
+			&& u.is_owned()
+		{
+			target = u.into_static();
+		}
 
-impl From<(UrlCow<'static>, CdSource)> for CdOpt {
-	fn from((target, source): (UrlCow<'static>, CdSource)) -> Self {
-		Self { target, interactive: false, source }
+		Self {
+			target:      clean_url(target),
+			interactive: c.bool("interactive"),
+			source:      CdSource::Cd,
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl From<(UrlBuf, CdSource)> for CdOpt {
 	fn from((target, source): (UrlBuf, CdSource)) -> Self {
-		Self::from((UrlCow::from(target), source))
+		Self { target, interactive: false, source }
 	}
 }
 
@@ -46,18 +52,17 @@ impl IntoLua for CdOpt {
 }
 
 // --- Source
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 pub enum CdSource {
 	Tab,
 	Cd,
 	Reveal,
 	Enter,
 	Leave,
+	Follow,
 	Forward,
 	Back,
-}
-
-impl CdSource {
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn big_jump(self) -> bool { self == Self::Cd || self == Self::Reveal }
+	Escape,
+	Displace,
 }
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/copy.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/copy.rs
index 6468bd17..55d5d30f 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/copy.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/copy.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, path::Path, str::FromStr};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, str::FromStr};
 
 use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use yazi_shared::{SStr, event::CmdCow};
+use yazi_shared::{SStr, event::CmdCow, strand::AsStrand};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CopyOpt {
@@ -47,14 +47,18 @@ impl FromStr for CopySeparator {
 }
 
 impl CopySeparator {
-	pub fn transform<T: AsRef<Path> + ?Sized>(self, p: &T) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> {
+	pub fn transform<T>(self, s: &T) -> Cow<'_, [u8]>
+	where
+		T: ?Sized + AsStrand,
+	{
 		#[cfg(windows)]
 		if self == Self::Unix {
-			return match yazi_fs::path::backslash_to_slash(p.as_ref()) {
-				Cow::Owned(p) => Cow::Owned(p.into_os_string()),
-				Cow::Borrowed(p) => Cow::Borrowed(p.as_os_str()),
+			use yazi_shared::strand::StrandCow;
+			return match s.as_strand().backslash_to_slash() {
+				StrandCow::Borrowed(s) => s.encoded_bytes().into(),
+				StrandCow::Owned(s) => s.into_encoded_bytes().into(),
 			};
 		}
-		Cow::Borrowed(p.as_ref().as_os_str())
+		Cow::Borrowed(s.as_strand().encoded_bytes())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/displace_do.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/displace_do.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56716945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/displace_do.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use anyhow::bail;
+use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
+use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::UrlBuf};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DisplaceDoOpt {
+	pub to:   std::io::Result<UrlBuf>,
+	pub from: UrlBuf,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for DisplaceDoOpt {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(mut c: CmdCow) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		if let Some(opt) = c.take_any2("opt") {
+			opt
+		} else {
+			bail!("'opt' is required for DisplaceDoOpt");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl FromLua for DisplaceDoOpt {
+	fn from_lua(_: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
+}
+
+impl IntoLua for DisplaceDoOpt {
+	fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/mod.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/mod.rs
index 3157926b..9c210e88 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/mod.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ yazi_macro::mod_flat!(
 	close
 	copy
 	create
+	displace_do
 	download
 	escape
 	exclude_add
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ yazi_macro::mod_flat!(
 	shell
 	sort
 	spot
+	stash
 	tab_close
 	tab_create
 	tab_switch
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/reveal.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/reveal.rs
index 8b790982..59187185 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/reveal.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/reveal.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
-use yazi_fs::path::expand_url;
-use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_fs::path::{clean_url, expand_url};
+use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_vfs::provider;
 
 use crate::mgr::CdSource;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RevealOpt {
-	pub target:   UrlCow<'static>,
+	pub target:   UrlBuf,
 	pub source:   CdSource,
 	pub no_dummy: bool,
 }
@@ -16,33 +17,25 @@ impl From<CmdCow> for RevealOpt {
 		let mut target = c.take_first().unwrap_or_default();
 
 		if !c.bool("raw") {
-			target = expand_url(target).into();
+			target = expand_url(target);
 		}
 
-		Self { target, source: CdSource::Reveal, no_dummy: c.bool("no-dummy") }
-	}
-}
+		if let Some(u) = provider::try_absolute(&target)
+			&& u.is_owned()
+		{
+			target = u.into_static();
+		}
 
-impl From<UrlCow<'static>> for RevealOpt {
-	fn from(target: UrlCow<'static>) -> Self {
-		Self { target, source: CdSource::Reveal, no_dummy: false }
-	}
-}
-
-impl From<(UrlCow<'static>, CdSource)> for RevealOpt {
-	fn from((target, source): (UrlCow<'static>, CdSource)) -> Self {
-		Self { target, source, no_dummy: false }
+		Self { target: clean_url(target), source: CdSource::Reveal, no_dummy: c.bool("no-dummy") }
 	}
 }
 
 impl From<UrlBuf> for RevealOpt {
-	fn from(target: UrlBuf) -> Self { Self::from(UrlCow::from(target)) }
+	fn from(target: UrlBuf) -> Self { Self { target, source: CdSource::Reveal, no_dummy: false } }
 }
 
 impl From<(UrlBuf, CdSource)> for RevealOpt {
-	fn from((target, source): (UrlBuf, CdSource)) -> Self {
-		Self::from((UrlCow::from(target), source))
-	}
+	fn from((target, source): (UrlBuf, CdSource)) -> Self { Self { target, source, no_dummy: false } }
 }
 
 impl FromLua for RevealOpt {
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/search.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/search.rs
index ffef434e..10459077 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/search.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/search.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for SearchOpt {
 			(c.str(0).parse()?, "".into())
 		};
 
-		let Ok(args) = yazi_shared::shell::split_unix(c.str("args"), false) else {
+		let Ok(args) = yazi_shared::shell::unix::split(c.str("args"), false) else {
 			bail!("Invalid 'args' argument in SearchOpt");
 		};
 
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/sort.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/sort.rs
index 0e411696..2bccb47f 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/sort.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/sort.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
+use mlua::{FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, LuaSerdeExt, Value};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use yazi_fs::SortBy;
 use yazi_shared::event::CmdCow;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct SortOpt {
 	pub by:        Option<SortBy>,
 	pub reverse:   Option<bool>,
@@ -26,9 +27,9 @@ impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for SortOpt {
 }
 
 impl FromLua for SortOpt {
-	fn from_lua(_: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
+	fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> { lua.from_value(value) }
 }
 
 impl IntoLua for SortOpt {
-	fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
+	fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> { lua.to_value(&self) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/stash.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/stash.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a10005e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/stash.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use anyhow::bail;
+use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, LuaSerdeExt, Value};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use yazi_binding::Url;
+use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::UrlBuf};
+
+use crate::mgr::{CdOpt, CdSource};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct StashOpt {
+	pub target: UrlBuf,
+	pub source: CdSource,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for StashOpt {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(_: CmdCow) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> { bail!("unsupported") }
+}
+
+impl From<CdOpt> for StashOpt {
+	fn from(opt: CdOpt) -> Self { Self { target: opt.target, source: opt.source } }
+}
+
+impl FromLua for StashOpt {
+	fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> {
+		let tbl = value.as_table().ok_or_else(|| "expected table".into_lua_err())?;
+		Ok(Self {
+			target: tbl.get::<Url>("target")?.into(),
+			source: lua.from_value(tbl.get("source")?)?,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl IntoLua for StashOpt {
+	fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+		lua
+			.create_table_from([
+				("target", Url::new(self.target).into_lua(lua)?),
+				("source", lua.to_value(&self.source)?),
+			])?
+			.into_lua(lua)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/tab_create.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/tab_create.rs
index f1bc2b13..d6c789a1 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/tab_create.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/tab_create.rs
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
 use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
 use yazi_boot::BOOT;
-use yazi_fs::path::expand_url;
+use yazi_fs::path::{clean_url, expand_url};
 use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::UrlCow};
+use yazi_vfs::provider;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TabCreateOpt {
-	pub wd: Option<UrlCow<'static>>,
+	pub url: Option<UrlCow<'static>>,
 }
 
 impl From<CmdCow> for TabCreateOpt {
 	fn from(mut c: CmdCow) -> Self {
 		if c.bool("current") {
-			return Self { wd: None };
+			return Self { url: None };
 		}
-		let Ok(mut wd) = c.take_first() else {
-			return Self { wd: Some(UrlCow::from(&BOOT.cwds[0])) };
+
+		let Ok(mut url) = c.take_first() else {
+			return Self { url: Some(UrlCow::from(&BOOT.cwds[0])) };
 		};
+
 		if !c.bool("raw") {
-			wd = expand_url(wd).into();
+			url = expand_url(url);
 		}
-		Self { wd: Some(wd) }
+
+		if let Some(u) = provider::try_absolute(&url)
+			&& u.is_owned()
+		{
+			url = u.into_static();
+		}
+
+		Self { url: Some(clean_url(url).into()) }
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/update_files.rs b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/update_files.rs
index 899c15c4..0402f841 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/mgr/update_files.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/mgr/update_files.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ impl TryFrom<CmdCow> for UpdateFilesOpt {
 	}
 }
 
+impl From<FilesOp> for UpdateFilesOpt {
+	fn from(op: FilesOp) -> Self { Self { op } }
+}
+
 impl FromLua for UpdateFilesOpt {
 	fn from_lua(_: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/tasks/process_open.rs b/yazi-parser/src/tasks/process_open.rs
index 99b1b6bf..554a6a50 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/tasks/process_open.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/tasks/process_open.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ use std::ffi::OsString;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
-use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::UrlCow};
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, event::CmdCow, url::UrlCow};
 
 // --- Exec
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ pub struct ProcessOpenOpt {
 	pub args:   Vec<UrlCow<'static>>,
 	pub block:  bool,
 	pub orphan: bool,
-	pub done:   Option<oneshot::Sender<()>>,
+	pub done:   Option<CompletionToken>,
 
 	pub spread: bool, // TODO: remove
 }
diff --git a/yazi-parser/src/void.rs b/yazi-parser/src/void.rs
index a2fd45a1..2b9f25cf 100644
--- a/yazi-parser/src/void.rs
+++ b/yazi-parser/src/void.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use mlua::{ExternalError, FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
+use mlua::{FromLua, IntoLua, Lua, Value};
 use yazi_shared::event::CmdCow;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ impl From<()> for VoidOpt {
 }
 
 impl FromLua for VoidOpt {
-	fn from_lua(_: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
+	fn from_lua(_: Value, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Self> { Ok(Self) }
 }
 
 impl IntoLua for VoidOpt {
-	fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> { Err("unsupported".into_lua_err()) }
+	fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> { lua.create_table()?.into_lua(lua) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/Cargo.toml b/yazi-plugin/Cargo.toml
index 2af7df35..faa1f469 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-plugin/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-plugin"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,24 +8,27 @@ description = "Yazi plugin system"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [features]
 default      = [ "vendored-lua" ]
 vendored-lua = [ "mlua/vendored" ]
 
 [dependencies]
-yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shim    = { path = "../yazi-shim", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-widgets = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-boot    = { path = "../yazi-boot", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shim    = { path = "../yazi-shim", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-widgets = { path = "../yazi-widgets", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow        = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/README.md b/yazi-plugin/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08c0cb0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-plugin/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-plugin
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/entity.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/entity.lua
index 7a287128..aad13b12 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/entity.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/entity.lua
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Entity = {
 	_inc = 1000,
 	_children = {
-		{ "spacer", id = 1, order = 1000 },
+		{ "padding", id = 1, order = 1000 },
 		{ "icon", id = 2, order = 2000 },
 		{ "prefix", id = 3, order = 3000 },
 		{ "highlights", id = 4, order = 4000 },
@@ -12,7 +12,18 @@ Entity = {
 
 function Entity:new(file) return setmetatable({ _file = file }, { __index = self }) end
 
-function Entity:spacer() return " " end
+function Entity:padding()
+	if not self._file.is_hovered then
+		return " "
+	end
+
+	local style = self:style_rev()
+	if style then
+		return ui.Span(th.indicator.padding.open):style(style)
+	else
+		return " "
+	end
+end
 
 function Entity:icon()
 	local icon = self._file:icon()
@@ -31,22 +42,22 @@ function Entity:prefix()
 end
 
 function Entity:highlights()
-	local name = self._file.name:gsub("\r", "?", 1)
+	local name, p = self._file.name, ui.printable
 	local highlights = self._file:highlights()
 	if not highlights or #highlights == 0 then
-		return name
+		return p(name)
 	end
 
 	local spans, last = {}, 0
 	for _, h in ipairs(highlights) do
 		if h[1] > last then
-			spans[#spans + 1] = name:sub(last + 1, h[1])
+			spans[#spans + 1] = p(name:sub(last + 1, h[1]))
 		end
-		spans[#spans + 1] = ui.Span(name:sub(h[1] + 1, h[2])):style(th.mgr.find_keyword)
+		spans[#spans + 1] = ui.Span(p(name:sub(h[1] + 1, h[2]))):style(th.mgr.find_keyword)
 		last = h[2]
 	end
 	if last < #name then
-		spans[#spans + 1] = name:sub(last + 1)
+		spans[#spans + 1] = p(name:sub(last + 1))
 	end
 	return ui.Line(spans)
 end
@@ -86,13 +97,25 @@ function Entity:redraw()
 end
 
 function Entity:style()
-	local s = self._file:style()
+	local s = self._file:style() or ui.Style()
 	if not self._file.is_hovered then
 		return s
+	elseif self._file.in_current then
+		return s:patch(th.indicator.current)
 	elseif self._file.in_preview then
-		return s and s:patch(th.mgr.preview_hovered) or th.mgr.preview_hovered
+		return s:patch(th.indicator.preview)
 	else
-		return s and s:patch(th.mgr.hovered) or th.mgr.hovered
+		return s:patch(th.indicator.parent)
+	end
+end
+
+function Entity:style_rev()
+	local s = self:style()
+	local bg = s:bg(true)
+	if bg then
+		return ui.Style():fg(bg):bg("reset"):reverse(true)
+	elseif s:raw().reversed then
+		return ui.Style():bg("reset"):reverse(true)
 	end
 end
 
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/linemode.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/linemode.lua
index b69944cb..0cc5f2db 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/linemode.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/linemode.lua
@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ Linemode = {
 	_inc = 1000,
 	_children = {
 		{ "solo", id = 1, order = 1000 },
-		{ "spacer", id = 2, order = 2000 },
+		{ "padding", id = 2, order = 2000 },
 	},
 }
 
 function Linemode:new(file) return setmetatable({ _file = file }, { __index = self }) end
 
-function Linemode:spacer() return " " end
-
 function Linemode:solo()
+	if not self._file.in_current then
+		return ""
+	end
+
 	local mode = cx.active.pref.linemode
 	if mode == "none" or mode == "solo" then
 		return ""
@@ -62,6 +64,19 @@ function Linemode:owner()
 	return string.format("%s:%s", user, group)
 end
 
+function Linemode:padding()
+	if not self._file.is_hovered then
+		return " "
+	end
+
+	local style = Entity:new(self._file):style_rev()
+	if style then
+		return ui.Span(th.indicator.padding.close):style(style)
+	else
+		return " "
+	end
+end
+
 function Linemode:redraw()
 	local lines = {}
 	for _, c in ipairs(self._children) do
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/parent.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/parent.lua
index 4ab435f4..3b0e0a0d 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/parent.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/parent.lua
@@ -17,16 +17,19 @@ function Parent:redraw()
 		return {}
 	end
 
-	local items = {}
+	local left, right = {}, {}
 	for _, f in ipairs(self._folder.window) do
 		local entity = Entity:new(f)
-		items[#items + 1] = entity:redraw():truncate {
-			max = self._area.w,
-			ellipsis = entity:ellipsis(self._area.w),
-		}
+		left[#left + 1], right[#right + 1] = entity:redraw(), Linemode:new(f):redraw()
+
+		local max = math.max(0, self._area.w - right[#right]:width())
+		left[#left]:truncate { max = max, ellipsis = entity:ellipsis(max) }
 	end
 
-	return ui.List(items):area(self._area)
+	return {
+		ui.List(left):area(self._area),
+		ui.Text(right):area(self._area):align(ui.Align.RIGHT),
+	}
 end
 
 -- Mouse events
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/progress.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/progress.lua
index cb8bd1d9..5f76b71f 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/progress.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/progress.lua
@@ -42,5 +42,8 @@ function Progress:redraw()
 	end
 
 	label = label .. string.format("%d left", summary.total - summary.success)
-	return gauge:percent(percent):label(ui.Span(label):style(th.status.progress_label))
+	return {
+		ui.Clear(self._area),
+		gauge:percent(percent):label(ui.Span(label):style(th.status.progress_label)),
+	}
 end
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/status.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/status.lua
index 45249606..347495f7 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/status.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/status.lua
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ function Status:name()
 		return ""
 	end
 
-	return " " .. h.name:gsub("\r", "?", 1)
+	return " " .. ui.printable(h.name)
 end
 
 function Status:perm()
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/tasks.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/tasks.lua
index 1976b72e..f52891a5 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/components/tasks.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/components/tasks.lua
@@ -62,10 +62,16 @@ function Tasks:redraw()
 end
 
 function Tasks:icon(snap)
-	if snap.prog.kind == "FilePaste" then
-		return "  "
+	if snap.prog.kind == "FileCopy" then
+		return "  "
+	elseif snap.prog.kind == "FileCut" then
+		return "  "
 	elseif snap.prog.kind == "FileDelete" then
 		return "  "
+	elseif snap.prog.kind == "FileDownload" then
+		return "  "
+	elseif snap.prog.kind == "FileUpload" then
+		return "  "
 	else
 		return "  "
 	end
@@ -73,9 +79,15 @@ end
 
 function Tasks:progress_redraw(snap, y)
 	local kind = snap.prog.kind
-	if kind == "FilePaste" or kind == "FileDelete" then
+	if
+		kind == "FileCopy"
+		or kind == "FileCut"
+		or kind == "FileDelete"
+		or kind == "FileDownload"
+		or kind == "FileUpload"
+	then
 		local percent
-		if snap.success then
+		if snap.cooked then
 			percent = "Cleaning…"
 		else
 			percent = string.format("%3d%%", math.floor(snap.percent))
@@ -89,7 +101,7 @@ function Tasks:progress_redraw(snap, y)
 		)
 
 		local style = th.status.progress_normal
-		if snap.prog.failed_files > 0 then
+		if snap.failed or snap.prog.failed_files > 0 then
 			style = th.status.progress_error
 		end
 
@@ -107,10 +119,10 @@ function Tasks:progress_redraw(snap, y)
 		}
 	else
 		local text
-		if snap.running then
-			text = "Running…"
-		elseif snap.success then
+		if snap.cooked then
 			text = "Cleaning…"
+		elseif snap.running then
+			text = "Running…"
 		else
 			text = "Failed, press Enter to view log…"
 		end
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/archive.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/archive.lua
index 596ad1c7..9e075c02 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/archive.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/archive.lua
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ local M = {}
 
 function M:peek(job)
 	local limit = job.area.h
-	local files, bound, err = self.list_files({ "-p", tostring(job.file.url) }, job.skip, limit)
+	local files, bound, err = self.list_files({ "-p", tostring(job.file.path) }, job.skip, limit)
 
 	if err then
 		return ya.preview_widget(job, err)
@@ -168,6 +168,6 @@ end
 
 function M.is_encrypted(s) return s:find(" Wrong password", 1, true) end
 
-function M.is_tar(url) return M.list_meta { "-p", tostring(url) } == "tar" end
+function M.is_tar(path) return M.list_meta { "-p", tostring(path) } == "tar" end
 
 return M
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/empty.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/empty.lua
index 6d4db81b..d85034a5 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/empty.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/empty.lua
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ local M = {}
 function M.msg(job, s) ya.preview_widget(job, ui.Text(ui.Line(s):reverse()):area(job.area):wrap(ui.Wrap.YES)) end
 
 function M:peek(job)
-	local path = tostring(job.file.url)
+	local path = tostring(job.file.path)
 	if path:sub(1, 6) ~= "/proc/" then
 		return self.msg(job, "Empty file")
 	end
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/extract.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/extract.lua
index 0c6ae959..d271f3cd 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/extract.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/extract.lua
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ function M:try_with(from, pwd, to)
 	if not output then
 		fail("7zip failed to output when extracting '%s', error: %s", from, err)
 	elseif output.status.code ~= 0 then
-		fail("7zip exited when extracting '%s', error code %s", from, output.status.code)
+		fail("7zip exited with error code %s when extracting '%s':\n%s", output.status.code, from, output.stderr)
 	end
 end
 
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/file.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/file.lua
index fc0e1009..246a79d1 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/file.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/file.lua
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ local M = {}
 
 function M:peek(job)
 	local cmd = os.getenv("YAZI_FILE_ONE") or "file"
-	local path = tostring(job.file.cache or job.file.url)
-	local output, err = Command(cmd):arg({ "-bL", "--", path }):stdout(Command.PIPED):output()
+	local path = tostring(job.file.path)
+	local output, err = Command(cmd):arg({ "-bL", "--", path }):output()
 
 	local text
 	if output then
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ function M:spot_base(job)
 
 	return {
 		ui.Row({ "Base" }):style(ui.Style():fg("green")),
-		ui.Row { "  Created:", cha.btime and os.date("%y/%m/%d %H:%M", math.floor(cha.btime)) or "-" },
-		ui.Row { "  Modified:", cha.mtime and os.date("%y/%m/%d %H:%M", math.floor(cha.mtime)) or "-" },
+		ui.Row { "  Created:", cha.btime and os.date("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", math.floor(cha.btime)) or "-" },
+		ui.Row { "  Modified:", cha.mtime and os.date("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", math.floor(cha.mtime)) or "-" },
 		ui.Row { "  Mimetype:", job.mime },
 		ui.Row {},
 
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/folder.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/folder.lua
index 91ecf720..e6c7e88d 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/folder.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/folder.lua
@@ -21,17 +21,18 @@ function M:peek(job)
 		return ya.preview_widget(job, ui.Text(s):area(job.area):align(ui.Align.CENTER):wrap(ui.Wrap.YES))
 	end
 
-	local items = {}
+	local left, right = {}, {}
 	for _, f in ipairs(folder.window) do
 		local entity = Entity:new(f)
-		items[#items + 1] = entity:redraw():truncate {
-			max = job.area.w,
-			ellipsis = entity:ellipsis(job.area.w),
-		}
+		left[#left + 1], right[#right + 1] = entity:redraw(), Linemode:new(f):redraw()
+
+		local max = math.max(0, job.area.w - right[#right]:width())
+		left[#left]:truncate { max = max, ellipsis = entity:ellipsis(max) }
 	end
 
 	ya.preview_widget(job, {
-		ui.List(items):area(job.area),
+		ui.List(left):area(job.area),
+		ui.Text(right):area(job.area):align(ui.Align.RIGHT),
 		table.unpack(Marker:new(job.area, folder):redraw()),
 	})
 end
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ end
 
 function M:spot(job)
 	self.size, self.last = 0, 0
+	self:spot_multi(job, false)
 
 	local url = job.file.url
 	local it = fs.calc_size(url)
@@ -69,15 +71,15 @@ function M:spot(job)
 	self:spot_multi(job, true)
 end
 
-function M:spot_multi(job, force)
+function M:spot_multi(job, comp)
 	local now = ya.time()
-	if not force and now < self.last + 0.1 then
+	if not comp and now < self.last + 0.1 then
 		return
 	end
 
 	local rows = {
 		ui.Row({ "Folder" }):style(ui.Style():fg("green")),
-		ui.Row { "  Size:", ya.readable_size(self.size) .. (force and "" or " (?)") },
+		ui.Row { "  Size:", ya.readable_size(self.size) .. (comp and "" or " (?)") },
 		ui.Row {},
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/font.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/font.lua
index 070e2534..cb5895fe 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/font.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/font.lua
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function M:preload(job)
 		"-gravity",
 		"center",
 		"-font",
-		tostring(job.file.url),
+		tostring(job.file.path),
 		"-pointsize",
 		64,
 		"xc:white",
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/fzf.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/fzf.lua
index 3de191bb..ca239c43 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/fzf.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/fzf.lua
@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ end)
 function M:entry()
 	ya.emit("escape", { visual = true })
 
-	local _permit = ui.hide()
 	local cwd, selected = state()
+	if cwd.scheme.is_virtual then
+		return ya.notify { title = "Fzf", content = "Not supported under virtual filesystems", timeout = 5, level = "warn" }
+	end
 
+	local _permit = ui.hide()
 	local output, err = M.run_with(cwd, selected)
 	if not output then
 		return ya.notify { title = "Fzf", content = tostring(err), timeout = 5, level = "error" }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/json.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/json.lua
index dfccd22a..39842ea5 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/json.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/json.lua
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ local M = {}
 
 function M:peek(job)
 	local child = Command("jq")
-		:arg({ "-b", "-C", "--tab", ".", tostring(job.file.url) })
+		:arg({ "-b", "-C", "--tab", ".", tostring(job.file.path) })
 		:stdout(Command.PIPED)
 		:stderr(Command.PIPED)
 		:spawn()
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/magick.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/magick.lua
index df9b6375..80257838 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/magick.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/magick.lua
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ function M:preload(job)
 		return true
 	end
 
-	local cmd = M.with_limit()
+	local cmd = M.with_limit():arg(tostring(job.file.path))
 	if job.args.flatten then
 		cmd:arg("-flatten")
 	end
-	cmd:arg { tostring(job.file.url), "-auto-orient", "-strip" }
+	cmd:arg { "-auto-orient", "-strip" }
 
 	local size = string.format("%dx%d>", rt.preview.max_width, rt.preview.max_height)
 	if rt.preview.image_filter == "nearest" then
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-local.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-local.lua
index c7b9d087..9f4bb42b 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-local.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-local.lua
@@ -3,32 +3,20 @@ local TYPE_PATS = { "text", "image", "video", "application", "audio", "font", "i
 
 local M = {}
 
-local function match_mimetype(line)
-	for _, pat in ipairs(TYPE_PATS) do
-		local typ, sub = line:match(string.format("(%s/)([+-.a-zA-Z0-9]+)%%s+$", pat))
-		if not sub then
-		elseif line:find(typ .. sub, 1, true) == 1 then
-			return typ:gsub("^x%-", "", 1) .. sub:gsub("^x%-", "", 1):gsub("^vnd%.", "", 1)
-		else
-			return nil, true
-		end
-	end
-end
-
 function M:fetch(job)
 	local urls, paths = {}, {}
 	for i, file in ipairs(job.files) do
 		if file.cache then
 			urls[i], paths[i] = tostring(file.url), tostring(file.cache)
 		else
-			paths[i] = tostring(file.url)
+			paths[i] = tostring(file.path)
 		end
 	end
 
-	local cmd = os.getenv("YAZI_FILE_ONE") or "file"
-	local child, err = Command(cmd):arg({ "-bL", "--mime-type", "--" }):arg(paths):stdout(Command.PIPED):spawn()
+	local child, err = M.spawn_file1(paths)
 	if not child then
-		return true, Err("Failed to start `%s`, error: %s", cmd, err)
+		M.placeholder(err, urls, paths)
+		return true, err
 	end
 
 	local updates, last = {}, ya.time()
@@ -52,7 +40,7 @@ function M:fetch(job)
 			break
 		end
 
-		match, ignore = match_mimetype(line)
+		match, ignore = M.match_mimetype(line)
 		if match then
 			updates[urls[i] or paths[i]], state[i], i = match, true, i + 1
 			flush(false)
@@ -66,4 +54,59 @@ function M:fetch(job)
 	return state
 end
 
+function M.match_mimetype(line)
+	for _, pat in ipairs(TYPE_PATS) do
+		local typ, sub = line:match(string.format("(%s/)([+-.a-zA-Z0-9]+)%%s+$", pat))
+		if not sub then
+		elseif line:find(typ .. sub, 1, true) == 1 then
+			return typ:gsub("^x%-", "", 1) .. sub:gsub("^x%-", "", 1):gsub("^vnd%.", "", 1)
+		else
+			return nil, true
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+function M.file1_bin() return os.getenv("YAZI_FILE_ONE") or "file" end
+
+function M.spawn_file1(paths)
+	local bin = M.file1_bin()
+	local windows = ya.target_family() == "windows"
+
+	local cmd = Command(bin):arg({ "-bL", "--mime-type" }):stdout(Command.PIPED)
+	if windows then
+		cmd:arg({ "-f", "-" }):stdin(Command.PIPED)
+	else
+		cmd:arg("--"):arg(paths)
+	end
+
+	local child, err = cmd:spawn()
+	if not child then
+		local e = Error.fs {
+			kind = err.kind or "Other",
+			code = err.code,
+			message = string.format("Failed to start `%s`, error: %s", bin, err),
+		}
+		return nil, e
+	elseif windows then
+		child:write_all(table.concat(paths, "\n"))
+		child:flush()
+		ya.drop(child:take_stdin())
+	end
+
+	return child
+end
+
+function M.placeholder(err, urls, paths)
+	if err.kind ~= "NotFound" then
+		return
+	end
+
+	local updates = {}
+	for i = 1, #paths do
+		updates[urls[i] or paths[i]] = "null/file1-not-found"
+	end
+
+	ya.emit("update_mimes", { updates = updates })
+end
+
 return M
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-remote.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-remote.lua
index 581e675d..b6f0223c 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-remote.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/mime-remote.lua
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ end
 function M:fetch(job)
 	local updates, unknown, state = {}, {}, {}
 	for i, file in ipairs(job.files) do
-		if not file.cache then
+		if file.cha.is_dummy then
+			-- Skip dummy files
+		elseif not file.cache then
 			unknown[#unknown + 1] = file
-		elseif not fs.cha(file.cache) then
+		elseif not fs.cha(Url(file.cache)) then
 			updates[file.url], state[i] = "vfs/absent", true
 		elseif stale_cache(file) then
 			updates[file.url], state[i] = "vfs/stale", true
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/null.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/null.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..279c9038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/null.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+local M = {}
+
+function M:peek(job)
+	local err
+	if job.mime == "null/file1-not-found" then
+		err = string.format(
+			"Cannot find `%s` to detect the file's MIME type. Make sure it's installed and restart Yazi",
+			require("mime.local").file1_bin()
+		)
+	else
+		err = "Unknown error occurred while detecting MIME type"
+	end
+
+	local line = ui.Line(err):reverse()
+	ya.preview_widget(job, ui.Text(line):area(job.area):wrap(ui.Wrap.YES))
+end
+
+function M:seek() end
+
+function M:spot(job) require("file"):spot(job) end
+
+return M
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/pdf.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/pdf.lua
index 2fbcd366..7c84ca3f 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/pdf.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/pdf.lua
@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@ function M:preload(job)
 			"-l", job.skip + 1,
 			"-singlefile",
 			"-jpeg", "-jpegopt", "quality=" .. rt.preview.image_quality,
-			tostring(job.file.url), tostring(cache),
+			tostring(job.file.path), tostring(cache),
 		})
-		:stderr(Command.PIPED)
 		:output()
 
 	if not output then
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/svg.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/svg.lua
index 6d90585a..9bf75f58 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/svg.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/svg.lua
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ function M:preload(job)
 		cmd = cmd:memory(rt.tasks.image_alloc)
 	end
 
-	local child, err = cmd:arg({ tostring(job.file.url), tostring(cache) }):spawn()
+	local child, err = cmd:arg({ tostring(job.file.path), tostring(cache) }):spawn()
 	if not child then
 		return true, Err("Failed to start `resvg`, error: %s", err)
 	end
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/video.lua b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/video.lua
index 3edefcc6..0d21581d 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/video.lua
+++ b/yazi-plugin/preset/plugins/video.lua
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function M:preload(job)
 		return true
 	end
 
-	local meta, err = self.list_meta(job.file.url, "format=duration:stream_disposition=attached_pic")
+	local meta, err = self.list_meta(job.file.path, "format=duration:stream_disposition=attached_pic")
 	if not meta then
 		return true, err
 	elseif not meta.format.duration then
@@ -52,36 +52,35 @@ function M:preload(job)
 		return false
 	end
 
-	-- stylua: ignore
-	local cmd = Command("ffmpeg"):arg({
-		"-v", "quiet", "-threads", 1, "-hwaccel", "auto",
-		"-skip_frame", "nokey",
-		"-an", "-sn", "-dn",
-	})
+	local cmd = Command("ffmpeg")
+		:stderr(Command.PIPED)
+		:arg { "-v", "warning", "-hwaccel", "auto", "-threads", 1, "-an", "-sn", "-dn" }
 
 	if percent ~= 0 then
 		cmd:arg { "-ss", math.floor(meta.format.duration * percent / 100) }
 	end
-	cmd:arg { "-i", tostring(job.file.url) }
+	cmd:arg { "-skip_frame", "nokey", "-i", tostring(job.file.path) }
 	if percent == 0 then
 		cmd:arg { "-map", "disp:attached_pic" }
 	end
 
 	-- stylua: ignore
-	local status, err = cmd:arg({
+	local output, err = cmd:arg({
 		"-vframes", 1,
 		"-q:v", 31 - math.floor(rt.preview.image_quality * 0.3),
 		"-vf", string.format("scale='min(%d,iw)':'min(%d,ih)':force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease:flags=fast_bilinear", rt.preview.max_width, rt.preview.max_height),
 		"-f", "image2",
 		"-y", tostring(cache),
-	}):status()
+	}):output()
 
-	if not status then
+	if not output then
 		return true, Err("Failed to start `ffmpeg`, error: %s", err)
-	elseif not status.success then
-		return false, Err("`ffmpeg` exited with error code: %s", status.code)
-	else
+	elseif output.status.success then
 		return true
+	elseif output.stderr:find("No filtered frames for output stream", 1, true) then
+		return true, Err("No more keyframes available")
+	else
+		return false, Err("`ffmpeg` exited with error code %s: %s", output.status.code, output.stderr)
 	end
 end
 
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ function M:spot(job)
 end
 
 function M:spot_base(job)
-	local meta, err = self.list_meta(job.file.url, "format=duration:stream=codec_name,codec_type,width,height")
+	local meta, err = self.list_meta(job.file.path, "format=duration:stream=codec_name,codec_type,width,height")
 	if not meta then
 		ya.err(tostring(err))
 		return {}
@@ -127,13 +126,13 @@ function M:spot_base(job)
 	return rows
 end
 
-function M.list_meta(url, entries)
+function M.list_meta(path, entries)
 	local cmd = Command("ffprobe"):arg { "-v", "quiet" }
 	if not entries:find("attached_pic", 1, true) then
 		cmd:arg { "-select_streams", "v" }
 	end
 
-	local output, err = cmd:arg({ "-show_entries", entries, "-of", "json=c=1", tostring(url) }):output()
+	local output, err = cmd:arg({ "-show_entries", entries, "-of", "json=c=1", tostring(path) }):output()
 	if not output then
 		return nil, Err("Failed to start `ffprobe`, error: %s", err)
 	end
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs
index 6196f4d0..08466c5a 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
 use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, IntoLua, Lua, ObjectLike, Table, Value};
 use tracing::error;
 use unicode_width::{UnicodeWidthChar, UnicodeWidthStr};
-use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, Permit, PermitRef, elements::{Line, Rect, Span}};
+use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, Permit, PermitRef, elements::{Line, Rect, Span}, runtime};
 use yazi_config::LAYOUT;
 use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, HIDER};
+use yazi_shared::replace_to_printable;
 
 pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 	fn get(lua: &Lua, key: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 		match key {
 			b"area" => area(lua)?,
 			b"hide" => hide(lua)?,
-			b"width" => width(lua)?,
+			b"printable" => printable(lua)?,
 			b"redraw" => redraw(lua)?,
 			b"render" => render(lua)?,
 			b"truncate" => truncate(lua)?,
+			b"width" => width(lua)?,
 			_ => return Ok(Value::Nil),
 		}
 		.into_lua(lua)
@@ -27,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 pub(super) fn area(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 	let f = lua.create_function(|_, s: mlua::String| {
 		let layout = LAYOUT.get();
-		Ok(match s.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+		Ok(match &*s.as_bytes() {
 			b"current" => Rect(layout.current),
 			b"preview" => Rect(layout.preview),
 			b"progress" => Rect(layout.progress),
@@ -40,42 +44,30 @@ pub(super) fn area(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 
 pub(super) fn hide(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 	let f = lua.create_async_function(|lua, ()| async move {
-		if lua.named_registry_value::<PermitRef<fn()>>("HIDE_PERMIT").is_ok_and(|h| h.is_some()) {
+		if runtime!(lua)?.initing {
+			return Err("Cannot call `ui.hide()` during app initialization".into_lua_err());
+		}
+
+		if lua.named_registry_value::<PermitRef>("HIDE_PERMIT").is_ok_and(|h| h.is_some()) {
 			return Err("Cannot hide while already hidden".into_lua_err());
 		}
 
 		let permit = HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap();
 		AppProxy::stop().await;
 
-		lua.set_named_registry_value("HIDE_PERMIT", Permit::new(permit, AppProxy::resume as fn()))?;
+		lua.set_named_registry_value("HIDE_PERMIT", Permit::new(permit, AppProxy::resume()))?;
 		lua.named_registry_value::<AnyUserData>("HIDE_PERMIT")
 	})?;
 
 	f.into_lua(lua)
 }
 
-pub(super) fn width(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
-	let f = lua.create_function(|_, v: Value| match v {
-		Value::String(s) => {
-			let (mut acc, b) = (0, s.as_bytes());
-			for c in b.utf8_chunks() {
-				acc += c.valid().width();
-				if !c.invalid().is_empty() {
-					acc += 1;
-				}
-			}
-			Ok(acc)
-		}
-		Value::UserData(ud) => {
-			if let Ok(line) = ud.borrow::<Line>() {
-				Ok(line.width())
-			} else if let Ok(span) = ud.borrow::<Span>() {
-				Ok(span.width())
-			} else {
-				Err("expected a string, Line, or Span".into_lua_err())?
-			}
-		}
-		_ => Err("expected a string, Line, or Span".into_lua_err())?,
+pub(super) fn printable(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+	let f = lua.create_function(|lua, s: mlua::String| {
+		Ok(match replace_to_printable(&s.as_bytes(), false, 1, true) {
+			Cow::Borrowed(_) => s,
+			Cow::Owned(new) => lua.create_string(&new)?,
+		})
 	})?;
 
 	f.into_lua(lua)
@@ -86,7 +78,7 @@ pub(super) fn redraw(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 		let id: mlua::String = c.get("_id")?;
 
 		let mut layout = LAYOUT.get();
-		match id.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+		match &*id.as_bytes() {
 			b"current" => layout.current = *c.raw_get::<Rect>("_area")?,
 			b"preview" => layout.preview = *c.raw_get::<Rect>("_area")?,
 			b"progress" => layout.progress = *c.raw_get::<Rect>("_area")?,
@@ -176,6 +168,33 @@ pub(super) fn truncate(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 	f.into_lua(lua)
 }
 
+pub(super) fn width(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+	let f = lua.create_function(|_, v: Value| match v {
+		Value::String(s) => {
+			let (mut acc, b) = (0, s.as_bytes());
+			for c in b.utf8_chunks() {
+				acc += c.valid().width();
+				if !c.invalid().is_empty() {
+					acc += 1;
+				}
+			}
+			Ok(acc)
+		}
+		Value::UserData(ud) => {
+			if let Ok(line) = ud.borrow::<Line>() {
+				Ok(line.width())
+			} else if let Ok(span) = ud.borrow::<Span>() {
+				Ok(span.width())
+			} else {
+				Err("expected a string, Line, or Span".into_lua_err())?
+			}
+		}
+		_ => Err("expected a string, Line, or Span".into_lua_err())?,
+	})?;
+
+	f.into_lua(lua)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use mlua::{Lua, chunk};
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/external/fd.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/external/fd.rs
index 7cdc38dc..5b0545a5 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/external/fd.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/external/fd.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use std::process::Stdio;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader}, process::{Child, Command}, sync::mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}};
-use yazi_fs::File;
-use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
+use yazi_fs::{File, FsUrl};
+use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike};
 use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
 
 pub struct FdOpt {
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ pub fn fd(opt: FdOpt) -> Result<UnboundedReceiver<File>> {
 
 	tokio::spawn(async move {
 		while let Ok(Some(line)) = it.next_line().await {
-			if let Ok(file) = File::new(opt.cwd.join(line)).await {
+			let Ok(url) = opt.cwd.try_join(line) else {
+				continue;
+			};
+			if let Ok(file) = File::new(url).await {
 				tx.send(file).ok();
 			}
 		}
@@ -31,16 +34,9 @@ pub fn fd(opt: FdOpt) -> Result<UnboundedReceiver<File>> {
 }
 
 fn spawn(program: &str, opt: &FdOpt) -> std::io::Result<Child> {
-	let Some(path) = opt.cwd.as_path() else {
-		return Err(std::io::Error::new(
-			std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-			"fd can only search local filesystem",
-		));
-	};
-
 	Command::new(program)
 		.arg("--base-directory")
-		.arg(path)
+		.arg(&*opt.cwd.as_url().unified_path())
 		.arg("--regex")
 		.arg(if opt.hidden { "--hidden" } else { "--no-hidden" })
 		.args(&opt.args)
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs
index 2d7fc0e2..e79cbbec 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use syntect::{LoadingError, dumps, easy::HighlightLines, highlighting::{self, Th
 use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncSeekExt, BufReader};
 use yazi_config::{THEME, YAZI, preview::PreviewWrap};
 use yazi_fs::provider::{Provider, local::Local};
-use yazi_shared::{Ids, errors::PeekError, replace_to_printable};
+use yazi_shared::{Ids, errors::PeekError, push_printable_char};
 
 static INCR: Ids = Ids::new();
 static SYNTECT: OnceLock<(Theme, SyntaxSet)> = OnceLock::new();
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Highlighter {
 	pub fn abort() { INCR.next(); }
 
 	pub async fn highlight(&self, skip: usize, size: Size) -> Result<Text<'static>, PeekError> {
-		let mut reader = BufReader::new(Local.open(&self.path).await?);
+		let mut reader = BufReader::new(Local::regular(&self.path).open().await?);
 
 		let syntax = Self::find_syntax(&self.path, &mut reader).await;
 		let mut plain = syntax.is_err();
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl Highlighter {
 		}
 
 		Ok(if plain {
-			Text::from(replace_to_printable(&after, YAZI.preview.tab_size))
+			Text::from(Self::merge_highlight_lines(&after, YAZI.preview.tab_size))
 		} else {
 			Self::highlight_with(before, after, syntax.unwrap()).await?
 		})
@@ -203,6 +203,16 @@ impl Highlighter {
 			*b = b'\n';
 		}
 	}
+
+	fn merge_highlight_lines(s: &[String], tab_size: u8) -> String {
+		let mut buf = Vec::new();
+		buf.reserve_exact(s.iter().map(|s| s.len()).sum::<usize>() | 15);
+
+		for &b in s.iter().flat_map(|s| s.as_bytes()) {
+			push_printable_char(&mut buf, b, true, tab_size, false);
+		}
+		unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(buf) }
+	}
 }
 
 impl Highlighter {
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/external/rg.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/external/rg.rs
index 99553851..65c72431 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/external/rg.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/external/rg.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::process::Stdio;
 
-use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader}, process::Command, sync::mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}};
-use yazi_fs::File;
-use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
+use yazi_fs::{File, FsUrl};
+use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike};
 use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
 
 pub struct RgOpt {
@@ -14,16 +14,12 @@ pub struct RgOpt {
 }
 
 pub fn rg(opt: RgOpt) -> Result<UnboundedReceiver<File>> {
-	let Some(path) = opt.cwd.as_path() else {
-		bail!("rg can only search local filesystem");
-	};
-
 	let mut child = Command::new("rg")
 		.args(["--color=never", "--files-with-matches", "--smart-case"])
 		.arg(if opt.hidden { "--hidden" } else { "--no-hidden" })
 		.args(opt.args)
 		.arg(opt.subject)
-		.arg(path)
+		.arg(&*opt.cwd.as_url().unified_path())
 		.kill_on_drop(true)
 		.stdout(Stdio::piped())
 		.stderr(Stdio::null())
@@ -34,7 +30,10 @@ pub fn rg(opt: RgOpt) -> Result<UnboundedReceiver<File>> {
 
 	tokio::spawn(async move {
 		while let Ok(Some(line)) = it.next_line().await {
-			if let Ok(file) = File::new(opt.cwd.join(line)).await {
+			let Ok(url) = opt.cwd.try_join(line) else {
+				continue;
+			};
+			if let Ok(file) = File::new(url).await {
 				tx.send(file).ok();
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/external/rga.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/external/rga.rs
index db9b161a..a41a5acb 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/external/rga.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/external/rga.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::process::Stdio;
 
-use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader}, process::Command, sync::mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}};
-use yazi_fs::File;
-use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
+use yazi_fs::{File, FsUrl};
+use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike};
 use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
 
 pub struct RgaOpt {
@@ -14,16 +14,12 @@ pub struct RgaOpt {
 }
 
 pub fn rga(opt: RgaOpt) -> Result<UnboundedReceiver<File>> {
-	let Some(path) = opt.cwd.as_path() else {
-		bail!("rga can only search local filesystem");
-	};
-
 	let mut child = Command::new("rga")
 		.args(["--color=never", "--files-with-matches", "--smart-case"])
 		.arg(if opt.hidden { "--hidden" } else { "--no-hidden" })
 		.args(opt.args)
 		.arg(opt.subject)
-		.arg(path)
+		.arg(&*opt.cwd.as_url().unified_path())
 		.kill_on_drop(true)
 		.stdout(Stdio::piped())
 		.stderr(Stdio::null())
@@ -34,7 +30,10 @@ pub fn rga(opt: RgaOpt) -> Result<UnboundedReceiver<File>> {
 
 	tokio::spawn(async move {
 		while let Ok(Some(line)) = it.next_line().await {
-			if let Ok(file) = File::new(opt.cwd.join(line)).await {
+			let Ok(url) = opt.cwd.try_join(line) else {
+				continue;
+			};
+			if let Ok(file) = File::new(url).await {
 				tx.send(file).ok();
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs
index 76b9f06b..2cc15b77 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use mlua::{ExternalError, Function, IntoLua, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, Table, Value};
 use yazi_binding::{Cha, Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, Error, File, Url, UrlRef};
 use yazi_config::Pattern;
-use yazi_fs::{mounts::PARTITIONS, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder}};
+use yazi_fs::{mounts::PARTITIONS, provider::{Attrs, DirReader, FileHolder}};
 use yazi_shared::url::{UrlCow, UrlLike};
 use yazi_vfs::{VfsFile, provider};
 
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 			b"op" => op(lua)?,
 			b"cwd" => cwd(lua)?,
 			b"cha" => cha(lua)?,
+			b"copy" => copy(lua)?,
 			b"write" => write(lua)?,
 			b"create" => create(lua)?,
 			b"remove" => remove(lua)?,
+			b"rename" => rename(lua)?,
 			b"read_dir" => read_dir(lua)?,
 			b"calc_size" => calc_size(lua)?,
 			b"expand_url" => expand_url(lua)?,
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 }
 
 fn op(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
-	lua.create_function(|lua, (name, t): (mlua::String, Table)| match name.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+	lua.create_function(|lua, (name, t): (mlua::String, Table)| match &*name.as_bytes() {
 		b"part" => super::FilesOp::part(lua, t),
 		b"done" => super::FilesOp::done(lua, t),
 		b"size" => super::FilesOp::size(lua, t),
@@ -64,6 +66,15 @@ fn cha(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	})
 }
 
+fn copy(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
+	lua.create_async_function(|lua, (from, to): (UrlRef, UrlRef)| async move {
+		match provider::copy(&*from, &*to, Attrs::default()).await {
+			Ok(len) => len.into_lua_multi(&lua),
+			Err(e) => (Value::Nil, Error::Io(e)).into_lua_multi(&lua),
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 fn write(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	lua.create_async_function(|lua, (url, data): (UrlRef, mlua::String)| async move {
 		match provider::write(&*url, data.as_bytes()).await {
@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ fn write(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 
 fn create(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	lua.create_async_function(|lua, (r#type, url): (mlua::String, UrlRef)| async move {
-		let result = match r#type.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+		let result = match &*r#type.as_bytes() {
 			b"dir" => provider::create_dir(&*url).await,
 			b"dir_all" => provider::create_dir_all(&*url).await,
 			_ => Err("Creation type must be 'dir' or 'dir_all'".into_lua_err())?,
@@ -90,7 +101,7 @@ fn create(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 
 fn remove(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	lua.create_async_function(|lua, (r#type, url): (mlua::String, UrlRef)| async move {
-		let result = match r#type.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+		let result = match &*r#type.as_bytes() {
 			b"file" => provider::remove_file(&*url).await,
 			b"dir" => provider::remove_dir(&*url).await,
 			b"dir_all" => provider::remove_dir_all(&*url).await,
@@ -105,6 +116,15 @@ fn remove(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	})
 }
 
+fn rename(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
+	lua.create_async_function(|lua, (from, to): (UrlRef, UrlRef)| async move {
+		match provider::rename(&*from, &*to).await {
+			Ok(()) => true.into_lua_multi(&lua),
+			Err(e) => (false, Error::Io(e)).into_lua_multi(&lua),
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 fn read_dir(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	lua.create_async_function(|lua, (dir, options): (UrlRef, Table)| async move {
 		let pat = if let Ok(s) = options.raw_get::<mlua::String>("glob") {
@@ -148,7 +168,7 @@ fn read_dir(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 
 fn calc_size(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	lua.create_async_function(|lua, url: UrlRef| async move {
-		let it = if let Some(path) = url.as_path() {
+		let it = if let Some(path) = url.as_local() {
 			yazi_fs::provider::local::SizeCalculator::new(path).await.map(SizeCalculator::Local)
 		} else {
 			yazi_vfs::provider::SizeCalculator::new(&*url).await.map(SizeCalculator::Remote)
@@ -161,14 +181,23 @@ fn calc_size(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 	})
 }
 
+#[allow(irrefutable_let_patterns)]
 fn expand_url(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
-	lua.create_function(|_, value: Value| {
+	lua.create_function(|lua, value: Value| {
 		use yazi_fs::path::expand_url;
-		Ok(Url::new(match value {
-			Value::String(s) => expand_url(UrlCow::try_from(s.as_bytes().as_ref())?),
-			Value::UserData(ud) => expand_url(&*ud.borrow::<yazi_binding::Url>()?),
+		match &value {
+			Value::String(s) => Url::new(expand_url(UrlCow::try_from(&*s.as_bytes())?)).into_lua(lua),
+			Value::UserData(ud) => {
+				if let u = expand_url(&*ud.borrow::<yazi_binding::Url>()?)
+					&& u.is_owned()
+				{
+					Url::new(u.into_owned()).into_lua(lua)
+				} else {
+					Ok(value)
+				}
+			}
 			_ => Err("must be a string or a Url".into_lua_err())?,
-		}))
+		}
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/fs/op.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/fs/op.rs
index e2cb6c7d..4888e92a 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/fs/op.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/fs/op.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl FilesOp {
 			url.into(),
 			sizes
 				.pairs::<Path, u64>()
-				.map(|r| r.map(|(urn, size)| (urn.0, size)))
+				.map(|r| r.map(|(urn, size)| (urn.into(), size)))
 				.collect::<mlua::Result<_>>()?,
 		)))
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/isolate.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/isolate.rs
index 10e20f73..afcd67ce 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/isolate.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/isolate.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use yazi_macro::plugin_preset as preset;
 
 pub fn slim_lua(name: &str) -> mlua::Result<Lua> {
 	let lua = Lua::new();
-	lua.set_app_data(Runtime::new(name));
+	lua.set_app_data(Runtime::new_isolate(name));
 
 	// Base
 	let globals = lua.globals();
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub fn slim_lua(name: &str) -> mlua::Result<Lua> {
 	yazi_binding::Url::install(&lua)?;
 
 	yazi_binding::Error::install(&lua)?;
-	crate::loader::install_isolate(&lua)?;
+	crate::loader::install(&lua)?;
 	crate::process::install(&lua)?;
 
 	// Addons
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/peek.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/peek.rs
index 9c212f90..146061a0 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/peek.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/peek.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ fn peek_sync(cmd: &'static Cmd, file: yazi_fs::File, mime: Symbol<str>, skip: us
 		plugin.call_method("peek", job)
 	});
 
-	AppProxy::plugin(PluginOpt::new_callback(cmd.name.as_ref(), cb));
+	AppProxy::plugin(PluginOpt::new_callback(&*cmd.name, cb));
 }
 
 fn peek_async(
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/seek.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/seek.rs
index e51a4b5f..9085b82d 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/seek.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/isolate/seek.rs
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ pub fn seek_sync(cmd: &'static Cmd, file: yazi_fs::File, units: i16) {
 		plugin.call_method("seek", job)
 	});
 
-	AppProxy::plugin(PluginOpt::new_callback(cmd.name.as_ref(), cb));
+	AppProxy::plugin(PluginOpt::new_callback(&*cmd.name, cb));
 }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/lib.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/lib.rs
index da074117..a07afcc1 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else, clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(bindings elements external fs isolate loader process pubsub runtime theme utils);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(lua);
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/loader/loader.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/loader/loader.rs
index af53db93..4185718f 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/loader/loader.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/loader/loader.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ impl Default for Loader {
 			("mime.local".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/mime-local").into()),
 			("mime.remote".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/mime-remote").into()),
 			("noop".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/noop").into()),
+			("null".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/null").into()),
 			("pdf".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/pdf").into()),
 			("session".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/session").into()),
 			("svg".to_owned(), preset!("plugins/svg").into()),
@@ -65,8 +66,11 @@ impl Loader {
 		}
 
 		let p = BOOT.plugin_dir.join(format!("{plugin}.yazi/{entry}.lua"));
-		let chunk =
-			Local.read(&p).await.with_context(|| format!("Failed to load plugin from {p:?}"))?.into();
+		let chunk = Local::regular(&p)
+			.read()
+			.await
+			.with_context(|| format!("Failed to load plugin from {p:?}"))?
+			.into();
 
 		let result = Self::compatible_or_error(id, &chunk);
 		let inspect = f(&chunk);
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/loader/mod.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/loader/mod.rs
index a01533f9..187b8085 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/loader/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/loader/mod.rs
@@ -3,5 +3,3 @@ yazi_macro::mod_flat!(chunk loader require);
 pub(super) fn init() { LOADER.with(<_>::default); }
 
 pub(super) fn install(lua: &mlua::Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> { Require::install(lua) }
-
-pub(super) fn install_isolate(lua: &mlua::Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> { Require::install_isolate(lua) }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/loader/require.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/loader/require.rs
index 89f1e20c..9480f9d3 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/loader/require.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/loader/require.rs
@@ -9,23 +9,6 @@ pub(super) struct Require;
 
 impl Require {
 	pub(super) fn install(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
-		lua.globals().raw_set(
-			"require",
-			lua.create_function(|lua, id: mlua::String| {
-				let id = id.to_str()?;
-				let id = Self::absolute_id(lua, &id)?;
-				futures::executor::block_on(LOADER.ensure(&id, |_| ())).into_lua_err()?;
-
-				runtime_mut!(lua)?.push(&id);
-				let mod_ = LOADER.load(lua, &id);
-				runtime_mut!(lua)?.pop();
-
-				Self::create_mt(lua, id.into_owned(), mod_?, true)
-			})?,
-		)
-	}
-
-	pub(super) fn install_isolate(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
 		lua.globals().raw_set(
 			"require",
 			lua.create_async_function(|lua, id: mlua::String| async move {
@@ -37,12 +20,12 @@ impl Require {
 				let mod_ = LOADER.load(&lua, &id);
 				runtime_mut!(lua)?.pop();
 
-				Self::create_mt(&lua, id.into_owned(), mod_?, false)
+				Self::create_mt(&lua, id.into_owned(), mod_?)
 			})?,
 		)
 	}
 
-	fn create_mt(lua: &Lua, id: String, r#mod: Table, sync: bool) -> mlua::Result<Table> {
+	fn create_mt(lua: &Lua, id: String, r#mod: Table) -> mlua::Result<Table> {
 		let id: Arc<str> = Arc::from(id);
 		let mt = lua.create_table_from([
 			(
@@ -50,7 +33,7 @@ impl Require {
 				lua.create_function(move |lua, (ts, key): (Table, mlua::String)| {
 					match ts.raw_get::<Table>("__mod")?.raw_get::<Value>(&key)? {
 						Value::Function(_) => {
-							Self::create_wrapper(lua, id.clone(), &key.to_str()?, sync)?.into_lua(lua)
+							Self::create_wrapper(lua, id.clone(), &key.to_str()?)?.into_lua(lua)
 						}
 						v => Ok(v),
 					}
@@ -69,29 +52,19 @@ impl Require {
 		Ok(ts)
 	}
 
-	fn create_wrapper(lua: &Lua, id: Arc<str>, f: &str, sync: bool) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
+	fn create_wrapper(lua: &Lua, id: Arc<str>, f: &str) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		let f: Arc<str> = Arc::from(f);
 
-		if sync {
-			lua.create_function(move |lua, args: MultiValue| {
-				let (r#mod, args) = Self::split_mod_and_args(lua, &id, args)?;
+		lua.create_async_function(move |lua, args: MultiValue| {
+			let (id, f) = (id.clone(), f.clone());
+			async move {
+				let (r#mod, args) = Self::split_mod_and_args(&lua, &id, args)?;
 				runtime_mut!(lua)?.push(&id);
-				let result = r#mod.call_function::<MultiValue>(&f, args);
+				let result = r#mod.call_async_function::<MultiValue>(&f, args).await;
 				runtime_mut!(lua)?.pop();
 				result
-			})
-		} else {
-			lua.create_async_function(move |lua, args: MultiValue| {
-				let (id, f) = (id.clone(), f.clone());
-				async move {
-					let (r#mod, args) = Self::split_mod_and_args(&lua, &id, args)?;
-					runtime_mut!(lua)?.push(&id);
-					let result = r#mod.call_async_function::<MultiValue>(&f, args).await;
-					runtime_mut!(lua)?.pop();
-					result
-				}
-			})
-		}
+			}
+		})
 	}
 
 	fn split_mod_and_args(
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/lua.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/lua.rs
index 44706033..f0dea9f8 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/lua.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/lua.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use futures::executor::block_on;
 use mlua::Lua;
-use yazi_binding::Runtime;
+use yazi_binding::{Runtime, runtime_mut};
 use yazi_boot::BOOT;
 use yazi_macro::plugin_preset as preset;
 use yazi_shared::RoCell;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ pub(super) fn init_lua() -> Result<()> {
 }
 
 fn stage_1(lua: &'static Lua) -> Result<()> {
-	lua.set_app_data(Runtime::default());
+	lua.set_app_data(Runtime::new());
 
 	// Base
 	let globals = lua.globals();
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ fn stage_1(lua: &'static Lua) -> Result<()> {
 	yazi_binding::Error::install(lua)?;
 	yazi_binding::Cha::install(lua)?;
 	crate::loader::install(lua)?;
+	crate::process::install(lua)?;
 	yazi_binding::File::install(lua)?;
 	yazi_binding::Url::install(lua)?;
 
@@ -62,8 +64,9 @@ fn stage_2(lua: &'static Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
 	lua.load(preset!("compat")).set_name("compat.lua").exec()?;
 
 	if let Ok(b) = std::fs::read(BOOT.config_dir.join("init.lua")) {
-		lua.load(b).set_name("init.lua").exec()?;
+		block_on(lua.load(b).set_name("init.lua").exec_async())?;
 	}
 
+	runtime_mut!(lua)?.initing = false;
 	Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/process/command.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/process/command.rs
index ac66cd71..1d57a01b 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/process/command.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/process/command.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-use std::{any::TypeId, io, process::Stdio};
+use std::{any::TypeId, ffi::OsStr, io, process::Stdio};
 
-use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, MetaMethod, Table, UserData, Value};
+use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, IntoLua, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, MetaMethod, Table, UserData, Value};
 use tokio::process::{ChildStderr, ChildStdin, ChildStdout};
 use yazi_binding::Error;
-use yazi_shared::IntoOsStr;
+use yazi_shared::wtf8::FromWtf8;
 
 use super::{Child, output::Output};
 use crate::process::Status;
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ impl Command {
 	}
 
 	async fn output(&mut self) -> io::Result<std::process::Output> {
-		self.inner.stdin(Stdio::piped());
 		self.inner.stdout(Stdio::piped());
+		self.inner.stderr(Stdio::piped());
 		self.spawn()?.wait_with_output().await
 	}
 
@@ -139,22 +139,21 @@ impl UserData for Command {
 			)
 		}
 
-		methods.add_function_mut("arg", |_, (ud, arg): (AnyUserData, Value)| {
-			{
-				let mut me = ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?;
-				match arg {
-					Value::String(s) => {
-						me.inner.arg(s.as_bytes().into_os_str()?);
-					}
-					Value::Table(t) => {
-						for s in t.sequence_values::<mlua::String>() {
-							me.inner.arg(s?.as_bytes().into_os_str()?);
-						}
-					}
-					_ => return Err("arg must be a string or table of strings".into_lua_err()),
+		methods.add_function_mut("arg", |lua, (ud, arg): (AnyUserData, Value)| {
+			let mut me = ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?;
+			match arg {
+				Value::Nil => return lua.create_sequence_from(me.inner.as_std().get_args())?.into_lua(lua),
+				Value::String(s) => {
+					me.inner.arg(OsStr::from_wtf8(&s.as_bytes())?);
 				}
+				Value::Table(t) => {
+					for s in t.sequence_values::<mlua::String>() {
+						me.inner.arg(OsStr::from_wtf8(&s?.as_bytes())?);
+					}
+				}
+				_ => Err("arg must be a string or table of strings".into_lua_err())?,
 			}
-			Ok(ud)
+			ud.into_lua(lua)
 		});
 		methods.add_function_mut("cwd", |_, (ud, dir): (AnyUserData, mlua::String)| {
 			ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?.inner.current_dir(dir.to_str()?.as_ref());
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ impl UserData for Command {
 			|_, (ud, key, value): (AnyUserData, mlua::String, mlua::String)| {
 				ud.borrow_mut::<Self>()?
 					.inner
-					.env(key.as_bytes().into_os_str()?, value.as_bytes().into_os_str()?);
+					.env(OsStr::from_wtf8(&key.as_bytes())?, OsStr::from_wtf8(&value.as_bytes())?);
 				Ok(ud)
 			},
 		);
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/plugin.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/plugin.rs
index 3978e6cc..58760bde 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/plugin.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/plugin.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl Fetcher {
 
 impl UserData for Fetcher {
 	fn add_fields<F: mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
-		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(me.inner.run.name.as_ref()));
+		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(&*me.inner.run.name));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl Spotter {
 
 impl UserData for Spotter {
 	fn add_fields<F: mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
-		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(me.inner.run.name.as_ref()));
+		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(&*me.inner.run.name));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl Preloader {
 
 impl UserData for Preloader {
 	fn add_fields<F: mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
-		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(me.inner.run.name.as_ref()));
+		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(&*me.inner.run.name));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -107,6 +107,6 @@ impl Previewer {
 
 impl UserData for Previewer {
 	fn add_fields<F: mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
-		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(me.inner.run.name.as_ref()));
+		cached_field!(fields, cmd, |lua, me| lua.create_string(&*me.inner.run.name));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/runtime.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/runtime.rs
index cd2a7b01..002d862e 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/runtime.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/runtime.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, LuaSerdeExt, SerializeOptions, Value};
-use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, Url};
+use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, LuaSerdeExt, Value};
+use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, SER_OPT, Url};
 use yazi_boot::ARGS;
 use yazi_config::YAZI;
 
-pub const SER_OPT: SerializeOptions =
-	SerializeOptions::new().serialize_none_to_null(false).serialize_unit_to_null(false);
-
 pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 	fn get(lua: &Lua, key: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 		match key {
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/term.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/term.rs
index 6b8c9713..a4ba61b4 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/term.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/runtime/term.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet};
 pub(super) fn term() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 	fn get(lua: &Lua, key: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 		match key {
-			b"light" => EMULATOR.get().light.into_lua(lua),
+			b"light" => EMULATOR.light.into_lua(lua),
 			b"cell_size" => cell_size(lua)?.into_lua(lua),
 			_ => Ok(Value::Nil),
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/theme/theme.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/theme/theme.rs
index dfc5c8d0..49015e5c 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/theme/theme.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/theme/theme.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use mlua::{IntoLua, Lua, Value};
-use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, Style, Url};
+use yazi_binding::{Composer, ComposerGet, ComposerSet, Style, Url, deprecate};
 use yazi_config::THEME;
 
 pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub fn compose() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 			b"mgr" => mgr(),
 			b"tabs" => tabs(),
 			b"mode" => mode(),
+			b"indicator" => indicator(),
 			b"status" => status(),
 			b"which" => which(),
 			b"confirm" => confirm(),
@@ -50,8 +51,20 @@ fn mgr() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 		match key {
 			b"cwd" => Style::from(m.cwd).into_lua(lua),
 
-			b"hovered" => Style::from(m.hovered).into_lua(lua),
-			b"preview_hovered" => Style::from(m.preview_hovered).into_lua(lua),
+			b"hovered" => {
+				deprecate!(
+					lua,
+					"`th.mgr.hovered` is deprecated, use `th.indicator.current` instead, in your {}\nSee #3419 for more details: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3419"
+				);
+				Style::from(THEME.indicator.current).into_lua(lua)
+			}
+			b"preview_hovered" => {
+				deprecate!(
+					lua,
+					"`th.mgr.preview_hovered` is deprecated, use `th.indicator.preview` instead, in your {}\nSee #3419 for more details: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3419"
+				);
+				Style::from(THEME.indicator.preview).into_lua(lua)
+			}
 
 			b"find_keyword" => Style::from(m.find_keyword).into_lua(lua),
 			b"find_position" => Style::from(m.find_position).into_lua(lua),
@@ -131,6 +144,29 @@ fn mode() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 	Composer::new(get, set)
 }
 
+fn indicator() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
+	fn get(lua: &Lua, key: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
+		let t = &THEME.indicator;
+		match key {
+			b"parent" => Style::from(t.parent).into_lua(lua),
+			b"current" => Style::from(t.current).into_lua(lua),
+			b"preview" => Style::from(t.preview).into_lua(lua),
+			b"padding" => lua
+				.create_table_from([
+					("open", lua.create_string(&t.padding.open)?),
+					("close", lua.create_string(&t.padding.close)?),
+				])?
+				.into_lua(lua),
+
+			_ => Ok(Value::Nil),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn set(_: &Lua, _: &[u8], value: Value) -> mlua::Result<Value> { Ok(value) }
+
+	Composer::new(get, set)
+}
+
 fn status() -> Composer<ComposerGet, ComposerSet> {
 	fn get(lua: &Lua, key: &[u8]) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 		let t = &THEME.status;
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/app.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/app.rs
index c3d07048..ec48ebbd 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/app.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/app.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+use std::any::TypeId;
+
 use mlua::{AnyUserData, ExternalError, Function, Lua};
+use tokio::process::{ChildStderr, ChildStdin, ChildStdout};
 use yazi_binding::{Id, Permit, PermitRef, deprecate};
 use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, HIDER};
 
@@ -7,7 +10,7 @@ use super::Utils;
 impl Utils {
 	pub(super) fn id(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		lua.create_function(|_, r#type: mlua::String| {
-			Ok(Id(match r#type.as_bytes().as_ref() {
+			Ok(Id(match &*r#type.as_bytes() {
 				b"app" => *yazi_dds::ID,
 				b"ft" => yazi_fs::FILES_TICKET.next(),
 				_ => Err("Invalid id type".into_lua_err())?,
@@ -15,18 +18,31 @@ impl Utils {
 		})
 	}
 
+	pub(super) fn drop(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
+		lua.create_function(|_, ud: AnyUserData| {
+			match ud.type_id() {
+				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<ChildStdin>() => {}
+				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<ChildStdout>() => {}
+				Some(t) if t == TypeId::of::<ChildStderr>() => {}
+				Some(t) => Err(format!("Cannot drop userdata of type {t:?}").into_lua_err())?,
+				None => Err("Cannot drop scoped userdata".into_lua_err())?,
+			};
+			ud.destroy()
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub(super) fn hide(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		lua.create_async_function(|lua, ()| async move {
 			deprecate!(lua, "`ya.hide()` is deprecated, use `ui.hide()` instead, in your {}\nSee #2939 for more details: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/2939");
 
-			if lua.named_registry_value::<PermitRef<fn()>>("HIDE_PERMIT").is_ok_and(|h| h.is_some()) {
+			if lua.named_registry_value::<PermitRef>("HIDE_PERMIT").is_ok_and(|h| h.is_some()) {
 				return Err("Cannot hide while already hidden".into_lua_err());
 			}
 
 			let permit = HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap();
 			AppProxy::stop().await;
 
-			lua.set_named_registry_value("HIDE_PERMIT", Permit::new(permit, AppProxy::resume as fn()))?;
+			lua.set_named_registry_value("HIDE_PERMIT", Permit::new(permit, AppProxy::resume()))?;
 			lua.named_registry_value::<AnyUserData>("HIDE_PERMIT")
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/image.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/image.rs
index 6cef3ab6..4f88b014 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/image.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/image.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl Utils {
 
 	pub(super) fn image_precache(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		lua.create_async_function(|lua, (src, dist): (UrlRef, UrlRef)| async move {
-			let Some(dist) = dist.as_path() else {
+			let Some(dist) = dist.as_local() else {
 				return (Value::Nil, Error::custom("Destination must be a local path"))
 					.into_lua_multi(&lua);
 			};
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/json.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/json.rs
index 16b76b8f..c8a45c46 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/json.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/json.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use mlua::{Function, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, LuaSerdeExt, Value};
-use yazi_binding::Error;
+use yazi_binding::{Error, SER_OPT};
 
 use super::Utils;
-use crate::runtime::SER_OPT;
 
 impl Utils {
 	pub(super) fn json_encode(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/layer.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/layer.rs
index d09f8618..19a82b09 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/layer.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/layer.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::{str::FromStr, time::Duration};
 use mlua::{ExternalError, ExternalResult, Function, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, Table, Value};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream;
-use yazi_binding::{deprecate, elements::{Line, Pos, Text}};
+use yazi_binding::{deprecate, elements::{Line, Pos, Text}, runtime};
 use yazi_config::{keymap::{Chord, Key}, popup::{ConfirmCfg, InputCfg}};
 use yazi_macro::relay;
 use yazi_parser::which::ShowOpt;
@@ -15,20 +15,27 @@ use crate::bindings::InputRx;
 
 impl Utils {
 	pub(super) fn which(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
-		lua.create_async_function(|_, t: Table| async move {
-			let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<usize>(1);
-
-			let mut cands = Vec::with_capacity(30);
-			for (i, cand) in t.raw_get::<Table>("cands")?.sequence_values::<Table>().enumerate() {
-				let cand = cand?;
-				cands.push(Chord {
-					on:    Self::parse_keys(cand.raw_get("on")?)?,
-					run:   vec![relay!(which:callback, [i]).with_any("tx", tx.clone())],
-					desc:  cand.raw_get("desc").ok(),
-					r#for: None,
-				});
+		lua.create_async_function(|lua, t: Table| async move {
+			if runtime!(lua)?.initing {
+				return Err("Cannot call `ya.which()` during app initialization".into_lua_err());
 			}
 
+			let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<usize>(1);
+			let cands: Vec<_> = t
+				.raw_get::<Table>("cands")?
+				.sequence_values::<Table>()
+				.enumerate()
+				.map(|(i, cand)| {
+					let cand = cand?;
+					Ok(Chord {
+						on:    Self::parse_keys(cand.raw_get("on")?)?,
+						run:   vec![relay!(which:callback, [i]).with_any("tx", tx.clone())],
+						desc:  cand.raw_get("desc").ok(),
+						r#for: None,
+					})
+				})
+				.collect::<mlua::Result<_>>()?;
+
 			drop(tx);
 			WhichProxy::show(ShowOpt { cands, silent: t.raw_get("silent").unwrap_or_default() });
 
@@ -38,6 +45,10 @@ impl Utils {
 
 	pub(super) fn input(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		lua.create_async_function(|lua, t: Table| async move {
+			if runtime!(lua)?.initing {
+				return Err("Cannot call `ya.input()` during app initialization".into_lua_err());
+			}
+
 			let mut pos = t.raw_get::<Value>("pos")?;
 			if pos.is_nil() {
 				pos = t.raw_get("position")?;
@@ -80,7 +91,11 @@ impl Utils {
 			})
 		}
 
-		lua.create_async_function(|_, t: Table| async move {
+		lua.create_async_function(|lua, t: Table| async move {
+			if runtime!(lua)?.initing {
+				return Err("Cannot call `ya.confirm()` during app initialization".into_lua_err());
+			}
+
 			let result = ConfirmProxy::show(ConfirmCfg {
 				position: Pos::try_from(t.raw_get::<Value>("pos")?)?.into(),
 				title:    Line::try_from(t.raw_get::<Value>("title")?)?.into(),
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/spot.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/spot.rs
index e75b7a84..056c1bc5 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/spot.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/spot.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl Utils {
 					r#type: ratatui::widgets::BorderType::Rounded,
 					style: THEME.spot.border.into(),
 					titles: vec![(
-						ratatui::widgets::block::Position::Top,
+						ratatui::widgets::TitlePosition::Top,
 						ratatui::text::Line::raw("Spot").centered().style(THEME.spot.title),
 					)],
 				}),
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/sync.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/sync.rs
index ec689459..36aec1ce 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/sync.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/sync.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ use anyhow::Context;
 use futures::future::join_all;
 use mlua::{ExternalError, ExternalResult, Function, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, MultiValue, Value, Variadic};
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
-use yazi_binding::{runtime, runtime_mut};
+use yazi_binding::{Handle, runtime, runtime_mut};
 use yazi_dds::Sendable;
 use yazi_parser::app::{PluginCallback, PluginOpt};
 use yazi_proxy::AppProxy;
-use yazi_shared::data::Data;
+use yazi_shared::{LOCAL_SET, data::Data};
 
 use super::Utils;
 use crate::{bindings::{MpscRx, MpscTx, MpscUnboundedRx, MpscUnboundedTx, OneshotRx, OneshotTx}, loader::LOADER};
@@ -47,6 +47,29 @@ impl Utils {
 		}
 	}
 
+	pub(super) fn r#async(lua: &Lua, isolate: bool) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
+		if isolate {
+			lua.create_function(|_, _: Function| {
+				Err::<(), _>("`ya.async()` can only be used in sync context at the moment".into_lua_err())
+			})
+		} else {
+			lua.create_function(|lua, (f, args): (Function, MultiValue)| {
+				let name = runtime!(lua)?.current_owned();
+
+				Ok(Handle::AsyncFn(LOCAL_SET.spawn_local(async move {
+					let result = f.call_async::<MultiValue>(args).await;
+					if let Err(ref e) = result {
+						match name {
+							Some(s) => tracing::error!("Failed to execute async block in `{s}` plugin: {e}"),
+							None => tracing::error!("Failed to execute async block in `init.lua`: {e}"),
+						}
+					}
+					result
+				})))
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
 	pub(super) fn chan(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		lua.create_function(|lua, (r#type, buffer): (mlua::String, Option<usize>)| {
 			match (&*r#type.as_bytes(), buffer) {
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/text.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/text.rs
index 0fffee25..0b34d0e2 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/text.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/text.rs
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ impl Utils {
 
 	pub(super) fn quote(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Function> {
 		lua.create_function(|lua, (s, unix): (mlua::String, Option<bool>)| {
-			let s = s.to_str()?;
+			let b = s.as_bytes();
 			let s = match unix {
-				Some(true) => yazi_shared::shell::escape_unix(s.as_ref()),
-				Some(false) => yazi_shared::shell::escape_windows(s.as_ref()),
-				None => yazi_shared::shell::escape_native(s.as_ref()),
+				Some(true) => yazi_shared::shell::unix::escape_os_bytes(&b),
+				Some(false) => yazi_shared::shell::windows::escape_os_bytes(&b),
+				None => yazi_shared::shell::escape_os_bytes(&b),
 			};
-			lua.create_string(s.as_ref())
+			lua.create_string(&*s)
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl Utils {
 				CLIPBOARD.set(text).await;
 				Ok(None)
 			} else {
-				Some(lua.create_string(CLIPBOARD.get().await.as_encoded_bytes())).transpose()
+				Some(lua.create_string(CLIPBOARD.get().await)).transpose()
 			}
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/utils.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/utils.rs
index 5e94aac8..a6ffe9d0 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/utils.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/utils.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ pub fn compose(
 		match key {
 			// App
 			b"id" => Utils::id(lua)?,
+			b"drop" => Utils::drop(lua)?,
 			b"hide" => Utils::hide(lua)?,
 
 			// Cache
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ pub fn compose(
 
 			// Sync
 			b"sync" => Utils::sync(lua, isolate)?,
+			b"async" => Utils::r#async(lua, isolate)?,
 			b"chan" => Utils::chan(lua)?,
 			b"join" => Utils::join(lua)?,
 			b"select" => Utils::select(lua)?,
diff --git a/yazi-proxy/Cargo.toml b/yazi-proxy/Cargo.toml
index d794362f..94e0b51a 100644
--- a/yazi-proxy/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-proxy/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-proxy"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,11 +8,14 @@ description = "Yazi event proxy"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-proxy/README.md b/yazi-proxy/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bea35b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-proxy/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-proxy
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-proxy/src/app.rs b/yazi-proxy/src/app.rs
index 11a41081..7a15807a 100644
--- a/yazi-proxy/src/app.rs
+++ b/yazi-proxy/src/app.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ impl AppProxy {
 		rx.await.ok();
 	}
 
-	pub fn resume() {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(app:resume)));
+	pub async fn resume() {
+		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel::<()>();
+		emit!(Call(relay!(app:resume).with_any("tx", tx)));
+		rx.await.ok();
 	}
 
 	pub fn notify(opt: NotifyOpt) {
@@ -25,10 +27,10 @@ impl AppProxy {
 		emit!(Call(relay!(app:update_notify, [dur.as_secs_f64()])));
 	}
 
-	pub fn notify_warn(title: &str, content: impl ToString) {
+	pub fn notify_warn(title: impl Into<String>, content: impl Into<String>) {
 		Self::notify(NotifyOpt {
-			title:   title.to_owned(),
-			content: content.to_string(),
+			title:   title.into(),
+			content: content.into(),
 			level:   NotifyLevel::Warn,
 			timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
 		});
diff --git a/yazi-proxy/src/cmp.rs b/yazi-proxy/src/cmp.rs
index 2597244e..f77a166e 100644
--- a/yazi-proxy/src/cmp.rs
+++ b/yazi-proxy/src/cmp.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ impl CmpProxy {
 		emit!(Call(relay!(cmp:show).with_any("opt", opt)));
 	}
 
-	pub fn trigger(word: &str, ticket: Id) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(cmp:trigger, [word]).with("ticket", ticket)));
+	pub fn trigger(word: impl Into<String>, ticket: Id) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(cmp:trigger, [word.into()]).with("ticket", ticket)));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-proxy/src/mgr.rs b/yazi-proxy/src/mgr.rs
index 56842511..cc66e574 100644
--- a/yazi-proxy/src/mgr.rs
+++ b/yazi-proxy/src/mgr.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,32 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use yazi_macro::{emit, relay};
-use yazi_parser::mgr::{FilterOpt, FindDoOpt, OpenDoOpt, OpenOpt, SearchOpt, UpdatePeekedOpt, UpdateSpottedOpt};
-use yazi_shared::{SStr, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_parser::mgr::{DisplaceDoOpt, FilterOpt, FindDoOpt, OpenDoOpt, OpenOpt, SearchOpt, UpdatePeekedOpt, UpdateSpottedOpt};
+use yazi_shared::{Id, SStr, url::UrlBuf};
 
 pub struct MgrProxy;
 
 impl MgrProxy {
-	pub fn cd(target: &UrlBuf) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:cd, [target]).with("raw", true)));
-	}
-
-	pub fn reveal(target: &UrlBuf) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:reveal, [target]).with("raw", true).with("no-dummy", true)));
-	}
-
 	pub fn arrow(step: impl Into<SStr>) {
 		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:arrow, [step.into()])));
 	}
 
+	pub fn cd(target: impl Into<UrlBuf>) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:cd, [target.into()]).with("raw", true)));
+	}
+
+	pub fn displace_do(tab: Id, opt: DisplaceDoOpt) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:displace_do).with("tab", tab).with_any("opt", opt)));
+	}
+
+	pub fn filter_do(opt: FilterOpt) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:filter_do).with_any("opt", opt)));
+	}
+
+	pub fn find_do(opt: FindDoOpt) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:find_do).with_any("opt", opt)));
+	}
+
 	pub fn open(opt: OpenOpt) {
 		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:open).with_any("opt", opt)));
 	}
@@ -33,12 +41,8 @@ impl MgrProxy {
 		));
 	}
 
-	pub fn find_do(opt: FindDoOpt) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:find_do).with_any("opt", opt)));
-	}
-
-	pub fn filter_do(opt: FilterOpt) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:filter_do).with_any("opt", opt)));
+	pub fn reveal(target: impl Into<UrlBuf>) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:reveal, [target.into()]).with("raw", true).with("no-dummy", true)));
 	}
 
 	pub fn search_do(opt: SearchOpt) {
@@ -50,8 +54,8 @@ impl MgrProxy {
 		));
 	}
 
-	pub fn watch() {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:watch)));
+	pub fn update_paged_by(page: usize, only_if: &UrlBuf) {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:update_paged, [page]).with("only-if", only_if)));
 	}
 
 	pub fn update_peeked(opt: UpdatePeekedOpt) {
@@ -62,10 +66,6 @@ impl MgrProxy {
 		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:update_spotted).with_any("opt", opt)));
 	}
 
-	pub fn update_paged_by(page: usize, only_if: &UrlBuf) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:update_paged, [page]).with("only-if", only_if)));
-	}
-
 	pub fn upload<I>(urls: I)
 	where
 		I: IntoIterator<Item = UrlBuf>,
@@ -76,4 +76,8 @@ impl MgrProxy {
 	pub fn exclude_add(patterns: Vec<String>) {
 		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:exclude_add).with_seq(patterns)));
 	}
+
+	pub fn watch() {
+		emit!(Call(relay!(mgr:watch)));
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-proxy/src/tasks.rs b/yazi-proxy/src/tasks.rs
index 425330ad..79c69efe 100644
--- a/yazi-proxy/src/tasks.rs
+++ b/yazi-proxy/src/tasks.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use std::ffi::OsString;
 
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use yazi_macro::{emit, relay};
 use yazi_parser::tasks::ProcessOpenOpt;
-use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow};
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, url::{UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 pub struct TasksProxy;
 
@@ -20,20 +19,25 @@ impl TasksProxy {
 		block: bool,
 		orphan: bool,
 	) {
-		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+		let done = CompletionToken::default();
 		emit!(Call(relay!(tasks:process_open).with_any("opt", ProcessOpenOpt {
 			cwd,
 			cmd,
 			args,
 			block,
 			orphan,
-			done: Some(tx),
+			done: Some(done.clone()),
 			spread: false
 		})));
-		rx.await.ok();
+		done.future().await;
 	}
 
-	pub fn update_succeed(url: impl Into<UrlBuf>) {
-		emit!(Call(relay!(tasks:update_succeed).with_any("urls", vec![url.into()])));
+	pub fn update_succeed<I>(url: I)
+	where
+		I: IntoIterator,
+		I::Item: Into<UrlBuf>,
+	{
+		let urls: Vec<_> = url.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect();
+		emit!(Call(relay!(tasks:update_succeed).with_any("urls", urls)));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/Cargo.toml b/yazi-scheduler/Cargo.toml
index 31228597..16fa0254 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-scheduler"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,28 +8,30 @@ description = "Yazi task scheduler"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds    = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-plugin = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-proxy  = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs    = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-plugin  = { path = "../yazi-plugin", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow                 = { workspace = true }
 async-priority-channel = "0.2.0"
 foldhash               = { workspace = true }
-futures                = { workspace = true }
 hashbrown              = { workspace = true }
 lru                    = { workspace = true }
 mlua                   = { workspace = true }
 ordered-float          = { workspace = true }
 parking_lot            = { workspace = true }
-scopeguard             = { workspace = true }
 serde                  = { workspace = true }
 tokio                  = { workspace = true }
 tokio-util             = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/README.md b/yazi-scheduler/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2da30c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-scheduler
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
index 14bdca90..8c64c5a0 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::VecDeque, hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher}};
+use std::mem;
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow};
-use tokio::{io::{self, ErrorKind::{AlreadyExists, NotFound}}, sync::mpsc};
+use tokio::{io::{self, ErrorKind::NotFound}, sync::mpsc};
 use tracing::warn;
 use yazi_config::YAZI;
-use yazi_fs::{Cwd, FsHash128, FsUrl, cha::Cha, ok_or_not_found, path::{path_relative_to, skip_url}, provider::{Attrs, DirReader, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local}};
-use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeLike, timestamp_us, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
-use yazi_vfs::{VfsCha, copy_with_progress, maybe_exists, provider::{self, DirEntry}, unique_name};
+use yazi_fs::{Cwd, FsHash128, FsUrl, cha::Cha, ok_or_not_found, path::path_relative_to, provider::{Attrs, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathCow, url::{AsUrl, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_vfs::{VfsCha, maybe_exists, provider::{self, DirEntry}, unique_file};
 
-use super::{FileInDelete, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInPaste, FileInTrash};
-use crate::{LOW, NORMAL, TaskIn, TaskOp, TaskOps, file::{FileInDownload, FileInUpload, FileInUploadDo, FileOutDelete, FileOutDeleteDo, FileOutDownload, FileOutDownloadDo, FileOutHardlink, FileOutHardlinkDo, FileOutLink, FileOutPaste, FileOutPasteDo, FileOutTrash, FileOutUpload, FileOutUploadDo}};
+use super::{FileInCopy, FileInDelete, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInTrash};
+use crate::{LOW, NORMAL, TaskIn, TaskOp, TaskOps, ctx, file::{FileInCut, FileInDownload, FileInUpload, FileOutCopy, FileOutCopyDo, FileOutCut, FileOutCutDo, FileOutDelete, FileOutDeleteDo, FileOutDownload, FileOutDownloadDo, FileOutHardlink, FileOutHardlinkDo, FileOutLink, FileOutTrash, FileOutUpload, FileOutUploadDo, Transaction, Traverse}, hook::{HookInOutCopy, HookInOutCut}, ok_or_not_found, progress_or_break};
 
 pub(crate) struct File {
 	ops:     TaskOps,
@@ -19,96 +18,57 @@ pub(crate) struct File {
 
 impl File {
 	pub(crate) fn new(
-		tx: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>,
+		ops: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>,
 		r#macro: &async_priority_channel::Sender<TaskIn, u8>,
 	) -> Self {
-		Self { ops: tx.into(), r#macro: r#macro.clone() }
+		Self { ops: ops.into(), r#macro: r#macro.clone() }
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn paste(&self, mut task: FileInPaste) -> Result<(), FileOutPaste> {
-		if task.cut && ok_or_not_found(provider::rename(&task.from, &task.to).await).is_ok() {
-			return Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPaste::Succ));
+	pub(crate) async fn copy(&self, mut task: FileInCopy) -> Result<(), FileOutCopy> {
+		let id = task.id;
+
+		if !task.force {
+			task.to = unique_file(mem::take(&mut task.to), task.init().await?.is_dir())
+				.await
+				.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
 		}
 
-		if task.cha.is_none() {
-			task.cha = Some(Self::cha(&task.from, task.follow, None).await?);
-		}
-
-		let cha = task.cha.unwrap();
-		if !cha.is_dir() {
-			let id = task.id;
-			if cha.is_orphan() || (cha.is_link() && !task.follow) {
-				self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::New(0));
-				self.queue(task.into_link(), NORMAL);
-			} else {
-				self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::New(cha.len));
-				self.queue(task, LOW);
-			}
-			return Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::Succ));
-		}
-
-		macro_rules! continue_unless_ok {
-			($result:expr) => {
-				match $result {
-					Ok(v) => v,
-					Err(e) => {
-						self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPaste::Deform(e.to_string()));
-						continue;
-					}
-				}
-			};
-		}
-
-		let root = &task.to;
-		let skip = task.from.components().count();
-		let mut dirs = VecDeque::from([task.from.clone()]);
-
-		while let Some(src) = dirs.pop_front() {
-			let dest = root.join(skip_url(&src, skip));
-			continue_unless_ok!(match provider::create_dir(&dest).await {
-				Err(e) if e.kind() != AlreadyExists => Err(e),
+		self.ops.out(id, HookInOutCopy::from(&task));
+		super::traverse::<FileOutCopy, _, _, _, _, _>(
+			task,
+			async |dir| match provider::create_dir(dir).await {
+				Err(e) if e.kind() != io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => Err(e)?,
 				_ => Ok(()),
-			});
-
-			let mut it = continue_unless_ok!(provider::read_dir(&src).await);
-			while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
-				let from = entry.url();
-				let cha = continue_unless_ok!(Self::cha(&from, task.follow, Some(entry)).await);
-
-				if cha.is_dir() {
-					dirs.push_back(from);
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				let to = dest.join(from.name().unwrap());
-				if cha.is_orphan() || (cha.is_link() && !task.follow) {
-					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPaste::New(0));
-					self.queue(task.spawn(from, to, cha).into_link(), NORMAL);
+			},
+			async |task, cha| {
+				Ok(if cha.is_orphan() || (cha.is_link() && !task.follow) {
+					self.ops.out(id, FileOutCopy::New(0));
+					self.queue(task.into_link(), NORMAL);
 				} else {
-					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPaste::New(cha.len));
-					self.queue(task.spawn(from, to, cha), LOW);
-				}
-			}
-		}
+					self.ops.out(id, FileOutCopy::New(cha.len));
+					self.queue(task, LOW);
+				})
+			},
+			|err| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutCopy::Deform(err));
+			},
+		)
+		.await?;
 
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPaste::Succ))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutCopy::Succ))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn paste_do(&self, mut task: FileInPaste) -> Result<(), FileOutPasteDo> {
-		ok_or_not_found!(provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
-		let mut it = copy_with_progress(&task.from, &task.to, task.cha.unwrap());
+	pub(crate) async fn copy_do(&self, mut task: FileInCopy) -> Result<(), FileOutCopyDo> {
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, Transaction::unlink(&task.to).await);
+		let mut it =
+			ctx!(task, provider::copy_with_progress(&task.from, &task.to, task.cha.unwrap()).await)?;
 
-		while let Some(res) = it.recv().await {
-			match res {
-				Ok(0) => {
-					if task.cut {
-						provider::remove_file(&task.from).await.ok();
-					}
-					break;
-				}
-				Ok(n) => self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPasteDo::Adv(n)),
+		loop {
+			match progress_or_break!(it, task.done) {
+				Ok(0) => break,
+				Ok(n) => self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCopyDo::Adv(n)),
 				Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => {
-					warn!("Paste task partially done: {task:?}");
+					warn!("Copy task partially done: {task:?}");
 					break;
 				}
 				// Operation not permitted (os error 1)
@@ -118,46 +78,145 @@ impl File {
 						&& matches!(e.raw_os_error(), Some(1) | Some(93)) =>
 				{
 					task.retry += 1;
-					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPasteDo::Log(format!("Retrying due to error: {e}")));
+					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCopyDo::Log(format!("Retrying due to error: {e}")));
 					return Ok(self.queue(task, LOW));
 				}
-				Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+				Err(e) => ctx!(task, Err(e))?,
 			}
 		}
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPasteDo::Succ))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCopyDo::Succ))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) fn link(&self, task: FileInLink) -> Result<(), FileOutLink> {
+	pub(crate) async fn cut(&self, mut task: FileInCut) -> Result<(), FileOutCut> {
+		let id = task.id;
+
+		if !task.force {
+			task.to = unique_file(mem::take(&mut task.to), task.init().await?.is_dir())
+				.await
+				.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
+		}
+
+		self.ops.out(id, HookInOutCut::from(&task));
+		if !task.follow && ok_or_not_found(provider::rename(&task.from, &task.to).await).is_ok() {
+			return Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutCut::Succ));
+		}
+
+		let (mut links, mut files) = (vec![], vec![]);
+		let reorder = task.follow && ctx!(task, provider::capabilities(&task.from).await)?.symlink;
+
+		super::traverse::<FileOutCut, _, _, _, _, _>(
+			task,
+			async |dir| match provider::create_dir(dir).await {
+				Err(e) if e.kind() != io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => Err(e)?,
+				_ => Ok(()),
+			},
+			|task, cha| {
+				let nofollow = cha.is_orphan() || (cha.is_link() && !task.follow);
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutCut::New(if nofollow { 0 } else { cha.len }));
+
+				if nofollow {
+					self.queue(task.into_link(), NORMAL);
+				} else {
+					match (cha.is_link(), reorder) {
+						(_, false) => self.queue(task, LOW),
+						(true, true) => links.push(task),
+						(false, true) => files.push(task),
+					}
+				};
+
+				async { Ok(()) }
+			},
+			|err| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutCut::Deform(err));
+			},
+		)
+		.await?;
+
+		if !links.is_empty() {
+			let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
+			for task in links {
+				self.queue(task.with_drop(&tx), LOW);
+			}
+			drop(tx);
+			while rx.recv().await.is_some() {}
+		}
+
+		for task in files {
+			self.queue(task, LOW);
+		}
+
+		Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutCut::Succ))
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) async fn cut_do(&self, mut task: FileInCut) -> Result<(), FileOutCutDo> {
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, Transaction::unlink(&task.to).await);
+		let mut it =
+			ctx!(task, provider::copy_with_progress(&task.from, &task.to, task.cha.unwrap()).await)?;
+
+		loop {
+			match progress_or_break!(it, task.done) {
+				Ok(0) => {
+					provider::remove_file(&task.from).await.ok();
+					break;
+				}
+				Ok(n) => self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCutDo::Adv(n)),
+				Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => {
+					warn!("Cut task partially done: {task:?}");
+					break;
+				}
+				// Operation not permitted (os error 1)
+				// Attribute not found (os error 93)
+				Err(e)
+					if task.retry < YAZI.tasks.bizarre_retry
+						&& matches!(e.raw_os_error(), Some(1) | Some(93)) =>
+				{
+					task.retry += 1;
+					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCutDo::Log(format!("Retrying due to error: {e}")));
+					return Ok(self.queue(task, LOW));
+				}
+				Err(e) => ctx!(task, Err(e))?,
+			}
+		}
+		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCutDo::Succ))
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) async fn link(&self, mut task: FileInLink) -> Result<(), FileOutLink> {
+		if !task.force {
+			task.to =
+				unique_file(task.to, false).await.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
+		}
+
 		Ok(self.queue(task, NORMAL))
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn link_do(&self, task: FileInLink) -> Result<(), FileOutLink> {
-		let src: Cow<_> = if task.resolve {
+		let mut src: PathCow = if task.resolve {
 			ok_or_not_found!(
+				task,
 				provider::read_link(&task.from).await,
 				return Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutLink::Succ))
 			)
 			.into()
-		} else if task.from.scheme.covariant(&task.to.scheme) {
-			task.from.loc.as_path().into()
 		} else {
-			Err(anyhow!("Source and target must be on the same filesystem: {task:?}"))?
+			task.from.loc().into()
 		};
 
-		let src = if task.relative {
-			path_relative_to(provider::canonicalize(task.to.parent().unwrap()).await?.loc, &src)?
-		} else {
-			src
-		};
+		if task.relative {
+			let canon = ctx!(task, provider::canonicalize(task.to.parent().unwrap()).await)?;
+			src = ctx!(task, path_relative_to(canon.loc(), src))?;
+		}
 
-		ok_or_not_found!(provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
-		provider::symlink(&src, &task.to, async || {
-			Ok(match task.cha {
-				Some(cha) => cha.is_dir(),
-				None => Self::cha(&task.from, task.resolve, None).await?.is_dir(),
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
+		ctx!(
+			task,
+			provider::symlink(&task.to, src, async || {
+				Ok(match task.cha {
+					Some(cha) => cha.is_dir(),
+					None => Self::cha(&task.from, task.resolve, None).await?.is_dir(),
+				})
 			})
-		})
-		.await?;
+			.await
+		)?;
 
 		if task.delete {
 			provider::remove_file(&task.from).await.ok();
@@ -166,59 +225,30 @@ impl File {
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn hardlink(&self, mut task: FileInHardlink) -> Result<(), FileOutHardlink> {
-		if task.cha.is_none() {
-			task.cha = Some(Self::cha(&task.from, task.follow, None).await?);
+		let id = task.id;
+
+		if !task.force {
+			task.to =
+				unique_file(task.to, false).await.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
 		}
 
-		let cha = task.cha.unwrap();
-		if !cha.is_dir() {
-			let id = task.id;
-			self.ops.out(id, FileOutHardlink::New);
-			self.queue(task, NORMAL);
-			self.ops.out(id, FileOutHardlink::Succ);
-			return Ok(());
-		}
-
-		macro_rules! continue_unless_ok {
-			($result:expr) => {
-				match $result {
-					Ok(v) => v,
-					Err(e) => {
-						self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutHardlink::Deform(e.to_string()));
-						continue;
-					}
-				}
-			};
-		}
-
-		let root = &task.to;
-		let skip = task.from.components().count();
-		let mut dirs = VecDeque::from([task.from.clone()]);
-
-		while let Some(src) = dirs.pop_front() {
-			let dest = root.join(skip_url(&src, skip));
-			continue_unless_ok!(match provider::create_dir(&dest).await {
-				Err(e) if e.kind() != AlreadyExists => Err(e),
+		super::traverse::<FileOutHardlink, _, _, _, _, _>(
+			task,
+			async |dir| match provider::create_dir(dir).await {
+				Err(e) if e.kind() != io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => Err(e)?,
 				_ => Ok(()),
-			});
+			},
+			async |task, _cha| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutHardlink::New);
+				Ok(self.queue(task, NORMAL))
+			},
+			|err| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutHardlink::Deform(err));
+			},
+		)
+		.await?;
 
-			let mut it = continue_unless_ok!(provider::read_dir(&src).await);
-			while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
-				let from = entry.url();
-				let cha = continue_unless_ok!(Self::cha(&from, task.follow, Some(entry)).await);
-
-				if cha.is_dir() {
-					dirs.push_back(from);
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				let to = dest.join(from.name().unwrap());
-				self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutHardlink::New);
-				self.queue(task.spawn(from, to, cha), NORMAL);
-			}
-		}
-
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutHardlink::Succ))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutHardlink::Succ))
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn hardlink_do(&self, task: FileInHardlink) -> Result<(), FileOutHardlinkDo> {
@@ -230,43 +260,27 @@ impl File {
 			UrlCow::from(&task.from)
 		};
 
-		ok_or_not_found!(provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
-		ok_or_not_found!(provider::hard_link(&src, &task.to).await);
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, provider::hard_link(&src, &task.to).await);
 
 		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutHardlinkDo::Succ))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn delete(&self, mut task: FileInDelete) -> Result<(), FileOutDelete> {
-		let cha = provider::symlink_metadata(&task.target).await?;
-		if !cha.is_dir() {
-			let id = task.id;
-			task.length = cha.len;
-			self.ops.out(id, FileOutDelete::New(cha.len));
-			self.queue(task, NORMAL);
-			self.ops.out(id, FileOutDelete::Succ);
-			return Ok(());
-		}
+	pub(crate) async fn delete(&self, task: FileInDelete) -> Result<(), FileOutDelete> {
+		let id = task.id;
 
-		let mut dirs = VecDeque::from([task.target]);
-		while let Some(target) = dirs.pop_front() {
-			let Ok(mut it) = provider::read_dir(&target).await else { continue };
+		super::traverse::<FileOutDelete, _, _, _, _, _>(
+			task,
+			async |_dir| Ok(()),
+			async |task, cha| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutDelete::New(cha.len));
+				Ok(self.queue(task, NORMAL))
+			},
+			|_err| {},
+		)
+		.await?;
 
-			while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
-				let Ok(cha) = entry.metadata().await else { continue };
-
-				if cha.is_dir() {
-					dirs.push_front(entry.url());
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				task.target = entry.url();
-				task.length = cha.len;
-				self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDelete::New(cha.len));
-				self.queue(task.clone(), NORMAL);
-			}
-		}
-
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDelete::Succ))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutDelete::Succ))
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn delete_do(&self, task: FileInDelete) -> Result<(), FileOutDeleteDo> {
@@ -274,70 +288,45 @@ impl File {
 			Ok(()) => {}
 			Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => {}
 			Err(_) if !maybe_exists(&task.target).await => {}
-			Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+			Err(e) => ctx!(task, Err(e))?,
 		}
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDeleteDo::Succ(task.length)))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDeleteDo::Succ(task.cha.unwrap().len)))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) fn trash(&self, task: FileInTrash) -> Result<(), FileOutTrash> {
+	pub(crate) async fn trash(&self, task: FileInTrash) -> Result<(), FileOutTrash> {
 		Ok(self.queue(task, LOW))
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn trash_do(&self, task: FileInTrash) -> Result<(), FileOutTrash> {
-		provider::trash(&task.target).await?;
+		ctx!(task, provider::trash(&task.target).await)?;
 		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutTrash::Succ))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn download(&self, mut task: FileInDownload) -> Result<(), FileOutDownload> {
-		if task.cha.is_none() {
-			task.cha = Some(Self::cha(&task.url, true, None).await?);
-		}
+	pub(crate) async fn download(&self, task: FileInDownload) -> Result<(), FileOutDownload> {
+		let id = task.id;
 
-		let cha = task.cha.unwrap();
-		if cha.is_orphan() {
-			Err(io::Error::new(NotFound, "Source of symlink doesn't exist"))?;
-		}
-
-		if !cha.is_dir() {
-			let id = task.id;
-			self.ops.out(id, FileOutDownload::New(cha.len));
-			self.queue(task, LOW);
-			return Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutDownload::Succ));
-		}
-
-		macro_rules! continue_unless_ok {
-			($result:expr) => {
-				match $result {
-					Ok(v) => v,
-					Err(e) => {
-						self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownload::Deform(e.to_string()));
-						continue;
-					}
-				}
-			};
-		}
-
-		let mut dirs = VecDeque::from([task.url.clone()]);
-		while let Some(src) = dirs.pop_front() {
-			let mut it = continue_unless_ok!(provider::read_dir(&src).await);
-			tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || _ = Cwd::ensure(src.as_url())).await.ok();
-
-			while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
-				let from = entry.url();
-				let cha = continue_unless_ok!(Self::cha(&from, true, Some(entry)).await);
-
-				if cha.is_orphan() {
-					continue_unless_ok!(Err("Source of symlink doesn't exist"));
-				} else if cha.is_dir() {
-					dirs.push_back(from);
+		super::traverse::<FileOutDownload, _, _, _, _, _>(
+			task,
+			async |dir| {
+				let dir = dir.to_owned();
+				tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || _ = Cwd::ensure(dir.as_url())).await.ok();
+				Ok(())
+			},
+			async |task, cha| {
+				Ok(if cha.is_orphan() {
+					Err(anyhow!("Failed to work on {task:?}: source of symlink doesn't exist"))?
 				} else {
-					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownload::New(cha.len));
-					self.queue(task.spawn(from, cha), LOW);
-				}
-			}
-		}
+					self.ops.out(id, FileOutDownload::New(cha.len));
+					self.queue(task, LOW);
+				})
+			},
+			|err| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutDownload::Deform(err));
+			},
+		)
+		.await?;
 
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownload::Succ))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutDownload::Succ))
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn download_do(
@@ -346,19 +335,19 @@ impl File {
 	) -> Result<(), FileOutDownloadDo> {
 		let cha = task.cha.unwrap();
 
-		let cache = task.url.cache().context("Cannot determine cache path")?;
-		let cache_tmp = Self::tmp(&cache).await.context("Cannot determine temporary download cache")?;
+		let cache = ctx!(task, task.url.cache(), "Cannot determine cache path")?;
+		let cache_tmp = ctx!(task, Transaction::tmp(&cache).await, "Cannot determine download cache")?;
 
-		let mut it = copy_with_progress(&task.url, &cache_tmp, cha);
-		while let Some(res) = it.recv().await {
-			match res {
+		let mut it = ctx!(task, provider::copy_with_progress(&task.url, &cache_tmp, cha).await)?;
+		loop {
+			match progress_or_break!(it, task.done) {
 				Ok(0) => {
-					Local.remove_dir_all(&cache).await.ok();
-					provider::rename(cache_tmp, cache).await.context("Cannot persist downloaded file")?;
+					Local::regular(&cache).remove_dir_all().await.ok();
+					ctx!(task, provider::rename(cache_tmp, cache).await, "Cannot persist downloaded file")?;
 
-					let lock = task.url.cache_lock().context("Cannot determine cache lock")?;
+					let lock = ctx!(task, task.url.cache_lock(), "Cannot determine cache lock")?;
 					let hash = format!("{:x}", cha.hash_u128());
-					Local.write(lock, hash).await.context("Cannot lock cache")?;
+					ctx!(task, Local::regular(&lock).write(hash).await, "Cannot lock cache")?;
 
 					break;
 				}
@@ -377,115 +366,90 @@ impl File {
 					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownloadDo::Log(format!("Retrying due to error: {e}")));
 					return Ok(self.queue(task, LOW));
 				}
-				Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+				Err(e) => ctx!(task, Err(e))?,
 			}
 		}
 		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownloadDo::Succ))
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn upload(&self, task: FileInUpload) -> Result<(), FileOutUpload> {
-		let cha = Self::cha(&task.url, true, None).await?;
-		if cha.is_orphan() {
-			Err(anyhow!("Source of symlink doesn't exist"))?;
-		}
+		let id = task.id;
 
-		if !cha.is_dir() {
-			let cache = task.url.cache().context("Cannot determine cache path")?;
-			match Self::cha(&cache, true, None).await {
-				Ok(c) if c.mtime == cha.mtime => {}
-				Ok(c) => {
-					self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUpload::New(c.len));
-					self.queue(FileInUploadDo { id: task.id, url: task.url, cha, cache }, LOW);
-				}
-				Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => {}
-				Err(e) => Err(e)?,
-			};
-			return Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUpload::Succ));
-		}
+		super::traverse::<FileOutUpload, _, _, _, _, _>(
+			task,
+			async |_dir| Ok(()),
+			async |task, cha| {
+				let cache = ctx!(task, task.cache.as_ref(), "Cannot determine cache path")?;
 
-		macro_rules! continue_unless_ok {
-			($result:expr) => {
-				match $result {
-					Ok(v) => v,
-					Err(e) => {
-						self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUpload::Deform(e.to_string()));
-						continue;
+				Ok(match Self::cha(cache, true, None).await {
+					Ok(c) if c.mtime == cha.mtime => {}
+					Ok(c) => {
+						self.ops.out(id, FileOutUpload::New(c.len));
+						self.queue(task, LOW);
 					}
-				}
-			};
-		}
+					Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => {}
+					Err(e) => ctx!(task, Err(e))?,
+				})
+			},
+			|err| {
+				self.ops.out(id, FileOutUpload::Deform(err));
+			},
+		)
+		.await?;
 
-		let mut dirs = VecDeque::from([task.url]);
-		while let Some(src) = dirs.pop_front() {
-			let mut it = continue_unless_ok!(provider::read_dir(&src).await);
-			while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
-				let from = entry.url();
-				let cha = continue_unless_ok!(Self::cha(&from, true, Some(entry)).await);
-
-				if cha.is_orphan() {
-					continue_unless_ok!(Err("Source of symlink doesn't exist"));
-				} else if cha.is_dir() {
-					dirs.push_back(from);
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				let cache = continue_unless_ok!(from.cache().ok_or("Cannot determine cache path"));
-				let cache_cha = continue_unless_ok!(match Self::cha(&cache, true, None).await {
-					Ok(c) if c.mtime == cha.mtime => continue,
-					Ok(c) => Ok(c),
-					Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => continue,
-					Err(e) => Err(e),
-				});
-
-				self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUpload::New(cache_cha.len));
-				self.queue(FileInUploadDo { id: task.id, url: from, cha, cache }, LOW);
-			}
-		}
-
-		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUpload::Succ))
+		Ok(self.ops.out(id, FileOutUpload::Succ))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn upload_do(&self, task: FileInUploadDo) -> Result<(), FileOutUploadDo> {
-		let lock = task.url.cache_lock().context("Cannot determine cache lock")?;
+	pub(crate) async fn upload_do(&self, task: FileInUpload) -> Result<(), FileOutUploadDo> {
+		let cha = task.cha.unwrap();
+		let cache = ctx!(task, task.cache.as_ref(), "Cannot determine cache path")?;
+		let lock = ctx!(task, task.url.cache_lock(), "Cannot determine cache lock")?;
 
-		let hash = Local.read_to_string(&lock).await.context("Cannot read cache lock")?;
-		let hash = u128::from_str_radix(&hash, 16).context("Cannot parse hash from lock")?;
-		if hash != task.cha.hash_u128() {
-			Err(anyhow!("Remote file has changed since last download"))?;
+		let hash = ctx!(task, Local::regular(&lock).read_to_string().await, "Cannot read cache lock")?;
+		let hash = ctx!(task, u128::from_str_radix(&hash, 16), "Cannot parse hash from lock")?;
+		if hash != cha.hash_u128() {
+			Err(anyhow!("Failed to work on: {task:?}: remote file has changed since last download"))?;
 		}
 
-		let tmp = Self::tmp(&task.url).await.context("Cannot determine temporary upload path")?;
-		let mut it = copy_with_progress(&task.cache, &tmp, Attrs {
-			mode:  Some(task.cha.mode),
-			atime: None,
-			btime: None,
-			mtime: None,
-		});
+		let tmp =
+			ctx!(task, Transaction::tmp(&task.url).await, "Cannot determine temporary upload path")?;
+		let mut it = ctx!(
+			task,
+			provider::copy_with_progress(cache, &tmp, Attrs {
+				mode:  Some(cha.mode),
+				atime: None,
+				btime: None,
+				mtime: None,
+			})
+			.await
+		)?;
 
-		while let Some(res) = it.recv().await {
-			match res {
+		loop {
+			match progress_or_break!(it, task.done) {
 				Ok(0) => {
-					let cha = Self::cha(&task.url, true, None).await.context("Cannot stat original file")?;
+					let cha =
+						ctx!(task, Self::cha(&task.url, true, None).await, "Cannot stat original file")?;
 					if hash != cha.hash_u128() {
-						Err(anyhow!("Remote file has changed during upload"))?;
+						Err(anyhow!("Failed to work on: {task:?}: remote file has changed during upload"))?;
 					}
 
-					provider::rename(&tmp, &task.url).await.context("Cannot persist uploaded file")?;
+					ctx!(task, provider::rename(&tmp, &task.url).await, "Cannot persist uploaded file")?;
 
-					let cha = Self::cha(&task.url, true, None).await.context("Cannot stat uploaded file")?;
+					let cha =
+						ctx!(task, Self::cha(&task.url, true, None).await, "Cannot stat uploaded file")?;
 					let hash = format!("{:x}", cha.hash_u128());
-					Local.write(lock, hash).await.context("Cannot lock cache")?;
+					ctx!(task, Local::regular(&lock).write(hash).await, "Cannot lock cache")?;
 
 					break;
 				}
 				Ok(n) => self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUploadDo::Adv(n)),
-				Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+				Err(e) => ctx!(task, Err(e))?,
 			}
 		}
 		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutUploadDo::Succ))
 	}
 
-	async fn cha<U>(url: U, follow: bool, entry: Option<DirEntry>) -> io::Result<Cha>
+	pub(super) async fn cha<U>(url: U, follow: bool, entry: Option<DirEntry>) -> io::Result<Cha>
 	where
 		U: AsUrl,
 	{
@@ -496,22 +460,6 @@ impl File {
 		};
 		Ok(if follow { Cha::from_follow(url, cha).await } else { cha })
 	}
-
-	async fn tmp<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
-	where
-		U: AsUrl,
-	{
-		let url = url.as_url();
-		let Some(parent) = url.parent() else {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Url has no parent"))?
-		};
-
-		let mut h = foldhash::fast::FixedState::default().build_hasher();
-		url.hash(&mut h);
-		timestamp_us().hash(&mut h);
-
-		unique_name(parent.join(format!(".{:x}.%tmp", h.finish())), async { false }).await
-	}
 }
 
 impl File {
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/in.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/in.rs
index f56b07c3..614ebec6 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/in.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/in.rs
@@ -1,52 +1,82 @@
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::{mem, path::PathBuf};
 
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use yazi_fs::cha::Cha;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, url::UrlBuf};
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, Id, url::UrlBuf};
 
-// --- Paste
+// --- Copy
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct FileInPaste {
+pub(crate) struct FileInCopy {
 	pub(crate) id:     Id,
 	pub(crate) from:   UrlBuf,
 	pub(crate) to:     UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) force:  bool,
 	pub(crate) cha:    Option<Cha>,
-	pub(crate) cut:    bool,
 	pub(crate) follow: bool,
 	pub(crate) retry:  u8,
+	pub(crate) done:   CompletionToken,
 }
 
-impl FileInPaste {
-	pub(super) fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf, cha: Cha) -> Self {
-		Self {
-			id: self.id,
-			from,
-			to,
-			cha: Some(cha),
-			cut: self.cut,
-			follow: self.follow,
-			retry: self.retry,
-		}
-	}
-
+impl FileInCopy {
 	pub(super) fn into_link(self) -> FileInLink {
 		FileInLink {
 			id:       self.id,
 			from:     self.from,
 			to:       self.to,
+			force:    true,
 			cha:      self.cha,
 			resolve:  true,
 			relative: false,
-			delete:   self.cut,
+			delete:   false,
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// --- Cut
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct FileInCut {
+	pub(crate) id:     Id,
+	pub(crate) from:   UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) to:     UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) force:  bool,
+	pub(crate) cha:    Option<Cha>,
+	pub(crate) follow: bool,
+	pub(crate) retry:  u8,
+	pub(crate) done:   CompletionToken,
+	pub(crate) drop:   Option<mpsc::Sender<()>>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for FileInCut {
+	fn drop(&mut self) { _ = self.drop.take(); }
+}
+
+impl FileInCut {
+	pub(super) fn into_link(mut self) -> FileInLink {
+		FileInLink {
+			id:       self.id,
+			from:     mem::take(&mut self.from),
+			to:       mem::take(&mut self.to),
+			force:    true,
+			cha:      self.cha,
+			resolve:  true,
+			relative: false,
+			delete:   true,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn with_drop(mut self, drop: &mpsc::Sender<()>) -> Self {
+		self.drop = Some(drop.clone());
+		self
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Link
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct FileInLink {
 	pub(crate) id:       Id,
 	pub(crate) from:     UrlBuf,
 	pub(crate) to:       UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) force:    bool,
 	pub(crate) cha:      Option<Cha>,
 	pub(crate) resolve:  bool,
 	pub(crate) relative: bool,
@@ -59,22 +89,17 @@ pub(crate) struct FileInHardlink {
 	pub(crate) id:     Id,
 	pub(crate) from:   UrlBuf,
 	pub(crate) to:     UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) force:  bool,
 	pub(crate) cha:    Option<Cha>,
 	pub(crate) follow: bool,
 }
 
-impl FileInHardlink {
-	pub(super) fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf, cha: Cha) -> Self {
-		Self { id: self.id, from, to, cha: Some(cha), follow: self.follow }
-	}
-}
-
 // --- Delete
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct FileInDelete {
 	pub(crate) id:     Id,
 	pub(crate) target: UrlBuf,
-	pub(crate) length: u64,
+	pub(crate) cha:    Option<Cha>,
 }
 
 // --- Trash
@@ -91,26 +116,15 @@ pub(crate) struct FileInDownload {
 	pub(crate) url:   UrlBuf,
 	pub(crate) cha:   Option<Cha>,
 	pub(crate) retry: u8,
-}
-
-impl FileInDownload {
-	pub(super) fn spawn(&self, url: UrlBuf, cha: Cha) -> Self {
-		Self { id: self.id, url, cha: Some(cha), retry: self.retry }
-	}
+	pub(crate) done:  CompletionToken,
 }
 
 // --- Upload
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct FileInUpload {
-	pub(crate) id:  Id,
-	pub(crate) url: UrlBuf,
-}
-
-// --- UploadDo
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct FileInUploadDo {
 	pub(crate) id:    Id,
 	pub(crate) url:   UrlBuf,
-	pub(crate) cha:   Cha,
-	pub(crate) cache: PathBuf,
+	pub(crate) cha:   Option<Cha>,
+	pub(crate) cache: Option<PathBuf>,
+	pub(crate) done:  CompletionToken,
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs
index 9ae8d171..d4beaadd 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(file out progress r#in);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(file out progress r#in transaction traverse);
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/out.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/out.rs
index 5994103c..ab09d23a 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/out.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/out.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+use std::io;
+
 use crate::{Task, TaskProg};
 
-// --- Paste
+// --- Copy
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum FileOutPaste {
+pub(crate) enum FileOutCopy {
 	New(u64),
 	Deform(String),
 	Succ,
@@ -10,13 +12,17 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutPaste {
 	Clean,
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutPaste {
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutCopy {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+}
+
+impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutCopy {
 	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
-impl FileOutPaste {
+impl FileOutCopy {
 	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
-		let TaskProg::FilePaste(prog) = &mut task.prog else { return };
+		let TaskProg::FileCopy(prog) = &mut task.prog else { return };
 		match self {
 			Self::New(bytes) => {
 				prog.total_files += 1;
@@ -35,28 +41,111 @@ impl FileOutPaste {
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
 			Self::Clean => {
-				prog.cleaned = true;
+				prog.cleaned = Some(true);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// --- PasteDo
+// --- CopyDo
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum FileOutPasteDo {
+pub(crate) enum FileOutCopyDo {
 	Adv(u64),
 	Log(String),
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutPasteDo {
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutCopyDo {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+}
+
+impl FileOutCopyDo {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		let TaskProg::FileCopy(prog) = &mut task.prog else { return };
+		match self {
+			Self::Adv(size) => {
+				prog.processed_bytes += size;
+			}
+			Self::Log(line) => {
+				task.log(line);
+			}
+			Self::Succ => {
+				prog.success_files += 1;
+			}
+			Self::Fail(reason) => {
+				prog.failed_files += 1;
+				task.log(reason);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Cut
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum FileOutCut {
+	New(u64),
+	Deform(String),
+	Succ,
+	Fail(String),
+	Clean(io::Result<()>),
+}
+
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutCut {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+}
+
+impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutCut {
 	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
-impl FileOutPasteDo {
+impl FileOutCut {
 	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
-		let TaskProg::FilePaste(prog) = &mut task.prog else { return };
+		let TaskProg::FileCut(prog) = &mut task.prog else { return };
+		match self {
+			Self::New(bytes) => {
+				prog.total_files += 1;
+				prog.total_bytes += bytes;
+			}
+			Self::Deform(reason) => {
+				prog.total_files += 1;
+				prog.failed_files += 1;
+				task.log(reason);
+			}
+			Self::Succ => {
+				prog.collected = Some(true);
+			}
+			Self::Fail(reason) => {
+				prog.collected = Some(false);
+				task.log(reason);
+			}
+			Self::Clean(Ok(())) => {
+				prog.cleaned = Some(true);
+			}
+			Self::Clean(Err(reason)) => {
+				prog.cleaned = Some(false);
+				task.log(format!("Failed cleaning up cut file: {reason:?}"));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- CutDo
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum FileOutCutDo {
+	Adv(u64),
+	Log(String),
+	Succ,
+	Fail(String),
+}
+
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutCutDo {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+}
+
+impl FileOutCutDo {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		let TaskProg::FileCut(prog) = &mut task.prog else { return };
 		match self {
 			Self::Adv(size) => {
 				prog.processed_bytes += size;
@@ -86,10 +175,6 @@ impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutLink {
 	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutLink {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
-}
-
 impl FileOutLink {
 	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
 		if let TaskProg::FileLink(prog) = &mut task.prog {
@@ -102,7 +187,17 @@ impl FileOutLink {
 					task.log(reason);
 				}
 			}
-		} else if let TaskProg::FilePaste(prog) = &mut task.prog {
+		} else if let TaskProg::FileCopy(prog) = &mut task.prog {
+			match self {
+				Self::Succ => {
+					prog.success_files += 1;
+				}
+				Self::Fail(reason) => {
+					prog.failed_files += 1;
+					task.log(reason);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if let TaskProg::FileCut(prog) = &mut task.prog {
 			match self {
 				Self::Succ => {
 					prog.success_files += 1;
@@ -125,6 +220,10 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutHardlink {
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutHardlink {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+}
+
 impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutHardlink {
 	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
@@ -159,8 +258,8 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutHardlinkDo {
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutHardlinkDo {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutHardlinkDo {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
 impl FileOutHardlinkDo {
@@ -184,11 +283,11 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutDelete {
 	New(u64),
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
-	Clean,
+	Clean(io::Result<()>),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutDelete {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutDelete {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
 impl FileOutDelete {
@@ -206,8 +305,12 @@ impl FileOutDelete {
 				prog.collected = Some(false);
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
-			Self::Clean => {
-				prog.cleaned = true;
+			Self::Clean(Ok(())) => {
+				prog.cleaned = Some(true);
+			}
+			Self::Clean(Err(reason)) => {
+				prog.cleaned = Some(false);
+				task.log(format!("Failed cleaning up deleted file: {reason:?}"));
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -220,8 +323,8 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutDeleteDo {
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutDeleteDo {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutDeleteDo {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
 impl FileOutDeleteDo {
@@ -245,10 +348,11 @@ impl FileOutDeleteDo {
 pub(crate) enum FileOutTrash {
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
+	Clean,
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutTrash {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutTrash {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
 impl FileOutTrash {
@@ -262,6 +366,9 @@ impl FileOutTrash {
 				prog.state = Some(false);
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
+			Self::Clean => {
+				prog.cleaned = Some(true);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -273,10 +380,11 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutDownload {
 	Deform(String),
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
+	Clean,
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutDownload {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutDownload {
+	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
 
 impl FileOutDownload {
@@ -299,6 +407,9 @@ impl FileOutDownload {
 				prog.collected = Some(false);
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
+			Self::Clean => {
+				prog.cleaned = Some(true);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -312,10 +423,6 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutDownloadDo {
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutDownloadDo {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
-}
-
 impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutDownloadDo {
 	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
@@ -350,10 +457,6 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutUpload {
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutUpload {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
-}
-
 impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutUpload {
 	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
@@ -390,10 +493,6 @@ pub(crate) enum FileOutUploadDo {
 	Fail(String),
 }
 
-impl From<std::io::Error> for FileOutUploadDo {
-	fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
-}
-
 impl From<anyhow::Error> for FileOutUploadDo {
 	fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self { Self::Fail(format!("{value:?}")) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/progress.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/progress.rs
index 2238d922..184bc82e 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/progress.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/progress.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 use serde::Serialize;
 use yazi_parser::app::TaskSummary;
 
-// --- Paste
+// --- Copy
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-pub struct FileProgPaste {
+pub struct FileProgCopy {
 	pub total_files:     u32,
 	pub success_files:   u32,
 	pub failed_files:    u32,
 	pub total_bytes:     u64,
 	pub processed_bytes: u64,
 	pub collected:       Option<bool>,
-	pub cleaned:         bool,
+	pub cleaned:         Option<bool>,
 }
 
-impl From<FileProgPaste> for TaskSummary {
-	fn from(value: FileProgPaste) -> Self {
+impl From<FileProgCopy> for TaskSummary {
+	fn from(value: FileProgCopy) -> Self {
 		Self {
 			total:   value.total_files,
 			success: value.success_files,
@@ -24,18 +24,75 @@ impl From<FileProgPaste> for TaskSummary {
 	}
 }
 
-impl FileProgPaste {
-	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
-		self.collected.is_none() || self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
-	}
-
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool {
+impl FileProgCopy {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool {
 		self.collected == Some(true) && self.success_files == self.total_files
 	}
 
-	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(false) }
+	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
+		self.collected.is_none()
+			|| self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
+			|| (self.cleaned.is_none() && self.cooked())
+	}
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { self.cleaned }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(true) && self.cooked() }
+
+	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(false) || self.collected == Some(false) }
+
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { self.cleaned }
+
+	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> {
+		Some(if self.success() {
+			100.0
+		} else if self.failed() {
+			0.0
+		} else if self.total_bytes != 0 {
+			99.99f32.min(self.processed_bytes as f32 / self.total_bytes as f32 * 100.0)
+		} else {
+			99.99
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Cut
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+pub struct FileProgCut {
+	pub total_files:     u32,
+	pub success_files:   u32,
+	pub failed_files:    u32,
+	pub total_bytes:     u64,
+	pub processed_bytes: u64,
+	pub collected:       Option<bool>,
+	pub cleaned:         Option<bool>,
+}
+
+impl From<FileProgCut> for TaskSummary {
+	fn from(value: FileProgCut) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			total:   value.total_files,
+			success: value.success_files,
+			failed:  value.failed_files,
+			percent: value.percent().map(Into::into),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl FileProgCut {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool {
+		self.collected == Some(true) && self.success_files == self.total_files
+	}
+
+	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
+		self.collected.is_none()
+			|| self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
+			|| (self.cleaned.is_none() && self.cooked())
+	}
+
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(true) && self.cooked() }
+
+	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(false) || self.collected == Some(false) }
+
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { self.cleaned }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> {
 		Some(if self.success() {
@@ -68,13 +125,15 @@ impl From<FileProgLink> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl FileProgLink {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -100,15 +159,17 @@ impl From<FileProgHardlink> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl FileProgHardlink {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(true) && self.success == self.total }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
 		self.collected.is_none() || self.success + self.failed != self.total
 	}
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(true) && self.success == self.total }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -122,7 +183,7 @@ pub struct FileProgDelete {
 	pub total_bytes:     u64,
 	pub processed_bytes: u64,
 	pub collected:       Option<bool>,
-	pub cleaned:         bool,
+	pub cleaned:         Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl From<FileProgDelete> for TaskSummary {
@@ -137,17 +198,21 @@ impl From<FileProgDelete> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl FileProgDelete {
-	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
-		self.collected.is_none() || self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
-	}
-
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool {
 		self.collected == Some(true) && self.success_files == self.total_files
 	}
 
-	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(false) }
+	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
+		self.collected.is_none()
+			|| self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
+			|| (self.cleaned.is_none() && self.cooked())
+	}
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { self.cleaned }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(true) && self.cooked() }
+
+	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(false) || self.collected == Some(false) }
+
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { self.cleaned }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> {
 		Some(if self.success() {
@@ -165,7 +230,8 @@ impl FileProgDelete {
 // --- Trash
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct FileProgTrash {
-	pub state: Option<bool>,
+	pub state:   Option<bool>,
+	pub cleaned: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl From<FileProgTrash> for TaskSummary {
@@ -180,13 +246,15 @@ impl From<FileProgTrash> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl FileProgTrash {
-	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() || (self.cleaned.is_none() && self.cooked()) }
 
-	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(true) && self.cooked() }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(false) || self.state == Some(false) }
+
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { self.cleaned }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -200,6 +268,7 @@ pub struct FileProgDownload {
 	pub total_bytes:     u64,
 	pub processed_bytes: u64,
 	pub collected:       Option<bool>,
+	pub cleaned:         Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl From<FileProgDownload> for TaskSummary {
@@ -214,17 +283,21 @@ impl From<FileProgDownload> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl FileProgDownload {
-	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
-		self.collected.is_none() || self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
-	}
-
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool {
 		self.collected == Some(true) && self.success_files == self.total_files
 	}
 
-	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(false) }
+	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
+		self.collected.is_none()
+			|| self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
+			|| (self.cleaned.is_none() && self.cooked())
+	}
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(true) && self.cooked() }
+
+	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.cleaned == Some(false) || self.collected == Some(false) }
+
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { self.cleaned }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> {
 		Some(if self.success() {
@@ -262,17 +335,19 @@ impl From<FileProgUpload> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl FileProgUpload {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool {
+		self.collected == Some(true) && self.success_files == self.total_files
+	}
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
 		self.collected.is_none() || self.success_files + self.failed_files != self.total_files
 	}
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool {
-		self.collected == Some(true) && self.success_files == self.total_files
-	}
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.collected == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> {
 		Some(if self.success() {
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/transaction.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/transaction.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45abfa80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/transaction.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::{hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher}, io};
+
+use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
+use yazi_shared::{timestamp_us, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
+use yazi_vfs::{provider, unique_file};
+
+pub(super) struct Transaction;
+
+impl Transaction {
+	pub(super) async fn tmp<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
+	where
+		U: AsUrl,
+	{
+		Self::tmp_impl(url.as_url()).await
+	}
+
+	async fn tmp_impl(url: Url<'_>) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		let Some(parent) = url.parent() else {
+			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Url has no parent"))?
+		};
+
+		let mut h = foldhash::fast::FixedState::default().build_hasher();
+		url.hash(&mut h);
+		timestamp_us().hash(&mut h);
+
+		unique_file(parent.try_join(format!(".{:x}.%tmp", h.finish()))?, false).await
+	}
+
+	pub(super) async fn unlink<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
+	where
+		U: AsUrl,
+	{
+		let url = url.as_url();
+		if ok_or_not_found!(provider::symlink_metadata(url).await, return Ok(())).is_link() {
+			provider::rename(Self::tmp(url).await?, url).await?;
+		}
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..345b5acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+use std::{collections::VecDeque, fmt::Debug};
+
+use yazi_fs::{FsUrl, cha::Cha, path::skip_url, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder}};
+use yazi_shared::{strand::StrandLike, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_vfs::provider::{self};
+
+use crate::{ctx, file::{FileInCopy, FileInCut, FileInDelete, FileInDownload, FileInHardlink, FileInUpload}};
+
+pub(super) trait Traverse {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha>;
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool;
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_>;
+
+	async fn init(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<Cha> {
+		if self.cha().is_none() {
+			*self.cha() = Some(super::File::cha(self.from(), self.follow(), None).await?)
+		}
+		Ok(self.cha().unwrap())
+	}
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self;
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>>;
+}
+
+impl Traverse for FileInCopy {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha> { &mut self.cha }
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool { self.follow }
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.from.as_url() }
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id: self.id,
+			from,
+			to: to.unwrap(),
+			force: self.force,
+			cha: Some(cha),
+			follow: self.follow,
+			retry: self.retry,
+			done: self.done.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { Some(self.to.as_url()) }
+}
+
+impl Traverse for FileInCut {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha> { &mut self.cha }
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool { self.follow }
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.from.as_url() }
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id: self.id,
+			from,
+			to: to.unwrap(),
+			force: self.force,
+			cha: Some(cha),
+			follow: self.follow,
+			retry: self.retry,
+			done: self.done.clone(),
+			drop: self.drop.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { Some(self.to.as_url()) }
+}
+
+impl Traverse for FileInHardlink {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha> { &mut self.cha }
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool { self.follow }
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.from.as_url() }
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id: self.id,
+			from,
+			to: to.unwrap(),
+			force: self.force,
+			cha: Some(cha),
+			follow: self.follow,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { Some(self.to.as_url()) }
+}
+
+impl Traverse for FileInDelete {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha> { &mut self.cha }
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool { false }
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.target.as_url() }
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, _to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self {
+		Self { id: self.id, target: from, cha: Some(cha) }
+	}
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { None }
+}
+
+impl Traverse for FileInDownload {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha> { &mut self.cha }
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool { true }
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.url.as_url() }
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, _to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id:    self.id,
+			url:   from,
+			cha:   Some(cha),
+			retry: self.retry,
+			done:  self.done.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { None }
+}
+
+impl Traverse for FileInUpload {
+	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha> { &mut self.cha }
+
+	fn follow(&self) -> bool { true }
+
+	fn from(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.url.as_url() }
+
+	async fn init(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<Cha> {
+		if self.cha.is_none() {
+			self.cha = Some(super::File::cha(self.from(), self.follow(), None).await?)
+		}
+		if self.cache.is_none() {
+			self.cache = self.url.cache();
+		}
+		Ok(self.cha.unwrap())
+	}
+
+	fn spawn(&self, from: UrlBuf, _to: Option<UrlBuf>, cha: Cha) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id:    self.id,
+			cha:   Some(cha),
+			cache: from.cache(),
+			url:   from,
+			done:  self.done.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn to(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { None }
+}
+
+#[allow(private_bounds)]
+pub(super) async fn traverse<O, I, D, FC, FR, E>(
+	mut task: I,
+	on_dir: D,
+	mut on_file: FC,
+	on_error: E,
+) -> Result<(), O>
+where
+	O: Debug + From<anyhow::Error>,
+	I: Debug + Traverse,
+	D: AsyncFn(Url) -> Result<(), O>,
+	FC: FnMut(I, Cha) -> FR,
+	FR: Future<Output = Result<(), O>>,
+	E: Fn(String),
+{
+	let cha = ctx!(task, task.init().await)?;
+	if !cha.is_dir() {
+		return on_file(task, cha).await;
+	}
+
+	let root = task.to();
+	let skip = task.from().components().count();
+	let mut dirs = VecDeque::from([task.from().to_owned()]);
+
+	macro_rules! err {
+		($result:expr, $($args:tt)*) => {
+			match $result {
+				Ok(v) => v,
+				Err(e) => {
+					on_error(format!("{}: {e:?}", format_args!($($args)*)));
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	while let Some(src) = dirs.pop_front() {
+		let mut it = err!(provider::read_dir(&src).await, "Cannot read directory {src:?}");
+
+		let dest = if let Some(root) = root {
+			let s = skip_url(&src, skip);
+			err!(root.try_join(&s), "Cannot join {root:?} with {}", s.display())
+		} else {
+			src
+		};
+
+		() = err!(on_dir(dest.as_url()).await, "Cannot process directory {dest:?}");
+
+		while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
+			let from = entry.url();
+			let cha = err!(
+				super::File::cha(&from, task.follow(), Some(entry)).await,
+				"Cannot get metadata for {from:?}"
+			);
+
+			if cha.is_dir() {
+				dirs.push_back(from);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			let to = if root.is_some() {
+				let name = from.name().unwrap();
+				Some(err!(dest.try_join(name), "Cannot join {dest:?} with {}", name.display()))
+			} else {
+				None
+			};
+
+			err!(on_file(task.spawn(from, to, cha), cha).await, "Cannot process file");
+		}
+	}
+
+	Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/hook.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/hook.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14dbc9a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/hook.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use yazi_dds::Pump;
+use yazi_fs::ok_or_not_found;
+use yazi_proxy::TasksProxy;
+use yazi_vfs::provider;
+
+use crate::{Ongoing, TaskOp, TaskOps, file::{FileOutCopy, FileOutCut, FileOutDelete, FileOutDownload, FileOutTrash}, hook::{HookInOutCopy, HookInOutCut, HookInOutDelete, HookInOutDownload, HookInOutTrash}};
+
+pub(crate) struct Hook {
+	ops:     TaskOps,
+	ongoing: Arc<Mutex<Ongoing>>,
+}
+
+impl Hook {
+	pub(crate) fn new(ops: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>, ongoing: &Arc<Mutex<Ongoing>>) -> Self {
+		Self { ops: ops.into(), ongoing: ongoing.clone() }
+	}
+
+	// --- File
+	pub(crate) async fn cut(&self, task: HookInOutCut) {
+		if !self.ongoing.lock().intact(task.id) {
+			return self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCut::Clean(Ok(())));
+		}
+
+		let result = ok_or_not_found(provider::remove_dir_clean(&task.from).await);
+		TasksProxy::update_succeed([&task.to, &task.from]);
+		Pump::push_move(task.from, task.to);
+
+		self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCut::Clean(result));
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) async fn copy(&self, task: HookInOutCopy) {
+		if self.ongoing.lock().intact(task.id) {
+			TasksProxy::update_succeed([&task.to]);
+			Pump::push_duplicate(task.from, task.to);
+		}
+
+		self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutCopy::Clean);
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) async fn delete(&self, task: HookInOutDelete) {
+		if !self.ongoing.lock().intact(task.id) {
+			return self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDelete::Clean(Ok(())));
+		}
+
+		let result = ok_or_not_found(provider::remove_dir_all(&task.target).await);
+		TasksProxy::update_succeed([&task.target]);
+		Pump::push_delete(task.target);
+
+		self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDelete::Clean(result));
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) async fn trash(&self, task: HookInOutTrash) {
+		let intact = self.ongoing.lock().intact(task.id);
+		if intact {
+			TasksProxy::update_succeed([&task.target]);
+			Pump::push_trash(task.target);
+		}
+		self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutTrash::Clean);
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) async fn download(&self, task: HookInOutDownload) {
+		self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownload::Clean);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/in.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/in.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb0ec782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/in.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use yazi_shared::{Id, url::UrlBuf};
+
+use crate::{Task, TaskProg, file::{FileInCopy, FileInCut}};
+
+// --- Copy
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HookInOutCopy {
+	pub(crate) id:   Id,
+	pub(crate) from: UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) to:   UrlBuf,
+}
+
+impl From<&FileInCopy> for HookInOutCopy {
+	fn from(value: &FileInCopy) -> Self {
+		Self { id: value.id, from: value.from.clone(), to: value.to.clone() }
+	}
+}
+
+impl HookInOutCopy {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		if let TaskProg::FileCopy(_) = &task.prog {
+			task.hook = Some(self.into());
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Cut
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HookInOutCut {
+	pub(crate) id:   Id,
+	pub(crate) from: UrlBuf,
+	pub(crate) to:   UrlBuf,
+}
+
+impl From<&FileInCut> for HookInOutCut {
+	fn from(value: &FileInCut) -> Self {
+		Self { id: value.id, from: value.from.clone(), to: value.to.clone() }
+	}
+}
+
+impl HookInOutCut {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		if let TaskProg::FileCut(_) = &task.prog {
+			task.hook = Some(self.into());
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Delete
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HookInOutDelete {
+	pub(crate) id:     Id,
+	pub(crate) target: UrlBuf,
+}
+
+impl HookInOutDelete {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		if let TaskProg::FileDelete(_) = &task.prog {
+			task.hook = Some(self.into());
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Trash
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HookInOutTrash {
+	pub(crate) id:     Id,
+	pub(crate) target: UrlBuf,
+}
+
+impl HookInOutTrash {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		if let TaskProg::FileTrash(_) = &task.prog {
+			task.hook = Some(self.into());
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Download
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HookInOutDownload {
+	pub(crate) id: Id,
+}
+
+impl HookInOutDownload {
+	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
+		if let TaskProg::FileDownload(_) = &task.prog {
+			task.hook = Some(self.into());
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/mod.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..716fed04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/hook/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(hook r#in);
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/hooks.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/hooks.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 994a2147..00000000
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/hooks.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-use futures::{FutureExt, future::BoxFuture};
-use hashbrown::HashMap;
-use yazi_shared::Id;
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub(super) struct Hooks {
-	inner: HashMap<Id, Box<dyn Hook>>,
-}
-
-impl Hooks {
-	#[inline]
-	pub(super) fn add_sync<F>(&mut self, id: Id, f: F)
-	where
-		F: FnOnce(bool) + Send + 'static,
-	{
-		self.inner.insert(id, Box::new(SyncHook(f)));
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub(super) fn add_async<F, Fut>(&mut self, id: Id, f: F)
-	where
-		F: FnOnce(bool) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
-		Fut: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
-	{
-		self.inner.insert(id, Box::new(AsyncHook(f)));
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub(super) fn pop(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<Box<dyn Hook>> { self.inner.remove(&id) }
-}
-
-// --- Hook
-pub(super) trait Hook: Send {
-	fn call(self: Box<Self>, cancel: bool) -> Option<BoxFuture<'static, ()>>;
-}
-
-struct SyncHook<F>(F);
-
-impl<F> Hook for SyncHook<F>
-where
-	F: FnOnce(bool) + Send,
-{
-	fn call(self: Box<Self>, cancel: bool) -> Option<BoxFuture<'static, ()>> {
-		(self.0)(cancel);
-		None
-	}
-}
-
-struct AsyncHook<F>(F);
-
-impl<F, Fut> Hook for AsyncHook<F>
-where
-	F: FnOnce(bool) -> Fut + Send,
-	Fut: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
-{
-	fn call(self: Box<Self>, cancel: bool) -> Option<BoxFuture<'static, ()>> {
-		Some((self.0)(cancel).boxed())
-	}
-}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/in.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/in.rs
index 3ba780cc..09ff4d2a 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/in.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/in.rs
@@ -1,51 +1,107 @@
 use yazi_shared::Id;
 
-use crate::{file::{FileInDelete, FileInDownload, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInPaste, FileInTrash, FileInUploadDo}, impl_from_in, plugin::PluginInEntry, prework::{PreworkInFetch, PreworkInLoad, PreworkInSize}};
+use crate::{file::{FileInCopy, FileInCut, FileInDelete, FileInDownload, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInTrash, FileInUpload}, hook::{HookInOutCopy, HookInOutCut, HookInOutDelete, HookInOutDownload, HookInOutTrash}, impl_from_in, plugin::PluginInEntry, prework::{PreworkInFetch, PreworkInLoad, PreworkInSize}, process::{ProcessInBg, ProcessInBlock, ProcessInOrphan}};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) enum TaskIn {
 	// File
-	FilePaste(FileInPaste),
+	FileCopy(FileInCopy),
+	FileCut(FileInCut),
 	FileLink(FileInLink),
 	FileHardlink(FileInHardlink),
 	FileDelete(FileInDelete),
 	FileTrash(FileInTrash),
 	FileDownload(FileInDownload),
-	FileUploadDo(FileInUploadDo),
+	FileUpload(FileInUpload),
 	// Plugin
 	PluginEntry(PluginInEntry),
 	// Prework
 	PreworkFetch(PreworkInFetch),
 	PreworkLoad(PreworkInLoad),
 	PreworkSize(PreworkInSize),
+	// Process
+	ProcessBlock(ProcessInBlock),
+	ProcessOrphan(ProcessInOrphan),
+	ProcessBg(ProcessInBg),
+	// Hook
+	HookCopy(HookInOutCopy),
+	HookCut(HookInOutCut),
+	HookDelete(HookInOutDelete),
+	HookTrash(HookInOutTrash),
+	HookDownload(HookInOutDownload),
 }
 
 impl_from_in! {
 	// File
-	FilePaste(FileInPaste), FileLink(FileInLink), FileHardlink(FileInHardlink), FileDelete(FileInDelete), FileTrash(FileInTrash), FileDownload(FileInDownload), FileUploadDo(FileInUploadDo),
+	FileCopy(FileInCopy), FileCut(FileInCut), FileLink(FileInLink), FileHardlink(FileInHardlink), FileDelete(FileInDelete), FileTrash(FileInTrash), FileDownload(FileInDownload), FileUpload(FileInUpload),
 	// Plugin
 	PluginEntry(PluginInEntry),
 	// Prework
 	PreworkFetch(PreworkInFetch), PreworkLoad(PreworkInLoad), PreworkSize(PreworkInSize),
+	// Process
+	ProcessBlock(ProcessInBlock), ProcessOrphan(ProcessInOrphan), ProcessBg(ProcessInBg),
+	// Hook
+	HookCopy(HookInOutCopy), HookCut(HookInOutCut), HookDelete(HookInOutDelete), HookTrash(HookInOutTrash), HookDownload(HookInOutDownload),
 }
 
 impl TaskIn {
 	pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::FileCopy(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::FileCut(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::FileLink(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::FileHardlink(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::FileDelete(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::FileTrash(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::FileDownload(r#in) => r#in.id,
-			Self::FileUploadDo(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::FileUpload(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			// Plugin
 			Self::PluginEntry(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			// Prework
 			Self::PreworkFetch(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::PreworkLoad(r#in) => r#in.id,
 			Self::PreworkSize(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			// Process
+			Self::ProcessBlock(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::ProcessOrphan(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::ProcessBg(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			// Hook
+			Self::HookCopy(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::HookCut(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::HookDelete(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::HookTrash(r#in) => r#in.id,
+			Self::HookDownload(r#in) => r#in.id,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_hook(&self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			// File
+			Self::FileCopy(_) => false,
+			Self::FileCut(_) => false,
+			Self::FileLink(_) => false,
+			Self::FileHardlink(_) => false,
+			Self::FileDelete(_) => false,
+			Self::FileTrash(_) => false,
+			Self::FileDownload(_) => false,
+			Self::FileUpload(_) => false,
+			// Plugin
+			Self::PluginEntry(_) => false,
+			// Prework
+			Self::PreworkFetch(_) => false,
+			Self::PreworkLoad(_) => false,
+			Self::PreworkSize(_) => false,
+			// Process
+			Self::ProcessBlock(_) => false,
+			Self::ProcessOrphan(_) => false,
+			Self::ProcessBg(_) => false,
+			// Hook
+			Self::HookCopy(_) => true,
+			Self::HookCut(_) => true,
+			Self::HookDelete(_) => true,
+			Self::HookTrash(_) => true,
+			Self::HookDownload(_) => true,
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/lib.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/lib.rs
index 57cb1330..268f6a11 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-#![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn, clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 mod macros;
 
-yazi_macro::mod_pub!(file plugin prework process);
+yazi_macro::mod_pub!(file hook plugin prework process);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(hooks ongoing op out progress r#in scheduler snap task);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(ongoing op out progress r#in runner scheduler snap task);
 
 const LOW: u8 = yazi_config::Priority::Low as u8;
 const NORMAL: u8 = yazi_config::Priority::Normal as u8;
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs
index 8d23fdd4..cc824b0f 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,44 @@
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! ctx {
+	($task:ident, $result:expr) => {{
+		use anyhow::Context;
+		$result.with_context(|| format!("Failed to work on {:?}", $task))
+	}};
+	($task:ident, $result:expr, $($args:tt)*) => {{
+		use anyhow::Context;
+		$result.with_context(|| format!("Failed to work on {:?}: {}", $task, format_args!($($args)*)))
+	}};
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! ok_or_not_found {
+	($task:ident, $result:expr, $not_found:expr) => {
+		match $result {
+			Ok(v) => v,
+			Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => $not_found,
+			Err(e) => $crate::ctx!($task, Err(e))?,
+		}
+	};
+	($task:ident, $result:expr) => {
+		ok_or_not_found!($task, $result, Default::default())
+	};
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! progress_or_break {
+	($rx:ident, $done:expr) => {
+		tokio::select! {
+			r = $rx.recv() => {
+				match r {
+					Some(prog) => prog,
+					None => break,
+				}
+			},
+			false = $done.future() => break,
+		}
+	};
+}
+
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_from_in {
 	($($variant:ident($type:ty)),* $(,)?) => {
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/ongoing.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/ongoing.rs
index 285632db..e01caec9 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/ongoing.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/ongoing.rs
@@ -1,51 +1,82 @@
-use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use hashbrown::{HashMap, hash_map::RawEntryMut};
 use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
 use yazi_config::YAZI;
 use yazi_parser::app::TaskSummary;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, Ids};
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, Id, Ids};
 
 use super::Task;
-use crate::{Hooks, TaskProg};
+use crate::{TaskIn, TaskProg};
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Ongoing {
-	pub(super) hooks: Hooks,
-	pub(super) all:   HashMap<Id, Task>,
+	inner: HashMap<Id, Task>,
 }
 
 impl Ongoing {
-	pub(super) fn add<T>(&mut self, name: String) -> Id
+	pub(super) fn add<T>(&mut self, name: String) -> &mut Task
 	where
 		T: Into<TaskProg> + Default,
 	{
 		static IDS: Ids = Ids::new();
 
 		let id = IDS.next();
-		self.all.insert(id, Task::new::<T>(id, name));
-		id
+		self.inner.entry(id).insert(Task::new::<T>(id, name)).into_mut()
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn cancel(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<TaskIn> {
+		match self.inner.raw_entry_mut().from_key(&id) {
+			RawEntryMut::Occupied(mut oe) => {
+				let task = oe.get_mut();
+				task.done.complete(false);
+
+				if let Some(hook) = task.hook.take() {
+					return Some(hook);
+				}
+
+				oe.remove();
+			}
+			RawEntryMut::Vacant(_) => {}
+		}
+		None
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn fulfill(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<Task> {
+		let task = self.inner.remove(&id)?;
+		task.done.complete(true);
+		Some(task)
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<&mut Task> { self.all.get_mut(&id) }
+	pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<&mut Task> { self.inner.get_mut(&id) }
 
 	pub fn get_id(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<Id> { self.values().nth(idx).map(|t| t.id) }
 
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn get_token(&self, id: Id) -> Option<CompletionToken> {
+		self.inner.get(&id).map(|t| t.done.clone())
+	}
+
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
 		if YAZI.tasks.suppress_preload {
-			self.all.values().filter(|&t| t.prog.is_user()).count()
+			self.inner.values().filter(|&t| t.prog.is_user()).count()
 		} else {
-			self.all.len()
+			self.inner.len()
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn exists(&self, id: Id) -> bool { self.all.contains_key(&id) }
+	pub fn exists(&self, id: Id) -> bool { self.inner.contains_key(&id) }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn intact(&self, id: Id) -> bool {
+		self.inner.get(&id).is_some_and(|t| t.done.completed() != Some(false))
+	}
 
 	pub fn values(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = &Task> + '_> {
 		if YAZI.tasks.suppress_preload {
-			Box::new(self.all.values().filter(|&t| t.prog.is_user()))
+			Box::new(self.inner.values().filter(|&t| t.prog.is_user()))
 		} else {
-			Box::new(self.all.values())
+			Box::new(self.inner.values())
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/out.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/out.rs
index cd4b687f..ebcac919 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/out.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/out.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-use crate::{Task, file::{FileOutDelete, FileOutDeleteDo, FileOutDownload, FileOutDownloadDo, FileOutHardlink, FileOutHardlinkDo, FileOutLink, FileOutPaste, FileOutPasteDo, FileOutTrash, FileOutUpload, FileOutUploadDo}, impl_from_out, plugin::PluginOutEntry, prework::{PreworkOutFetch, PreworkOutLoad, PreworkOutSize}, process::{ProcessOutBg, ProcessOutBlock, ProcessOutOrphan}};
+use crate::{Task, file::{FileOutCopy, FileOutCopyDo, FileOutCut, FileOutCutDo, FileOutDelete, FileOutDeleteDo, FileOutDownload, FileOutDownloadDo, FileOutHardlink, FileOutHardlinkDo, FileOutLink, FileOutTrash, FileOutUpload, FileOutUploadDo}, hook::{HookInOutCopy, HookInOutCut, HookInOutDelete, HookInOutDownload, HookInOutTrash}, impl_from_out, plugin::PluginOutEntry, prework::{PreworkOutFetch, PreworkOutLoad, PreworkOutSize}, process::{ProcessOutBg, ProcessOutBlock, ProcessOutOrphan}};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) enum TaskOut {
 	// File
-	FilePaste(FileOutPaste),
-	FilePasteDo(FileOutPasteDo),
+	FileCopy(FileOutCopy),
+	FileCopyDo(FileOutCopyDo),
+	FileCut(FileOutCut),
+	FileCutDo(FileOutCutDo),
 	FileLink(FileOutLink),
 	FileHardlink(FileOutHardlink),
 	FileHardlinkDo(FileOutHardlinkDo),
@@ -15,38 +17,45 @@ pub(super) enum TaskOut {
 	FileDownloadDo(FileOutDownloadDo),
 	FileUpload(FileOutUpload),
 	FileUploadDo(FileOutUploadDo),
-
 	// Plugin
 	PluginEntry(PluginOutEntry),
-
 	// Prework
 	PreworkFetch(PreworkOutFetch),
 	PreworkLoad(PreworkOutLoad),
 	PreworkSize(PreworkOutSize),
-
 	// Process
 	ProcessBlock(ProcessOutBlock),
 	ProcessOrphan(ProcessOutOrphan),
 	ProcessBg(ProcessOutBg),
+	// Hook
+	HookCopy(HookInOutCopy),
+	HookCut(HookInOutCut),
+	HookDelete(HookInOutDelete),
+	HookTrash(HookInOutTrash),
+	HookDownload(HookInOutDownload),
 }
 
 impl_from_out! {
 	// File
-	FilePaste(FileOutPaste), FilePasteDo(FileOutPasteDo), FileLink(FileOutLink), FileHardlink(FileOutHardlink), FileHardlinkDo(FileOutHardlinkDo), FileDelete(FileOutDelete), FileDeleteDo(FileOutDeleteDo), FileTrash(FileOutTrash), FileDownload(FileOutDownload), FileDownloadDo(FileOutDownloadDo), FileUpload(FileOutUpload), FileUploadDo(FileOutUploadDo),
+	FileCopy(FileOutCopy), FileCopyDo(FileOutCopyDo), FileCut(FileOutCut), FileCutDo(FileOutCutDo), FileLink(FileOutLink), FileHardlink(FileOutHardlink), FileHardlinkDo(FileOutHardlinkDo), FileDelete(FileOutDelete), FileDeleteDo(FileOutDeleteDo), FileTrash(FileOutTrash), FileDownload(FileOutDownload), FileDownloadDo(FileOutDownloadDo), FileUpload(FileOutUpload), FileUploadDo(FileOutUploadDo),
 	// Plugin
 	PluginEntry(PluginOutEntry),
 	// Prework
 	PreworkFetch(PreworkOutFetch), PreworkLoad(PreworkOutLoad), PreworkSize(PreworkOutSize),
 	// Process
 	ProcessBlock(ProcessOutBlock), ProcessOrphan(ProcessOutOrphan), ProcessBg(ProcessOutBg),
+	// Hook
+	HookCopy(HookInOutCopy), HookCut(HookInOutCut), HookDelete(HookInOutDelete), HookTrash(HookInOutTrash), HookDownload(HookInOutDownload),
 }
 
 impl TaskOut {
 	pub(crate) fn reduce(self, task: &mut Task) {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(out) => out.reduce(task),
-			Self::FilePasteDo(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::FileCopy(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::FileCopyDo(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::FileCut(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::FileCutDo(out) => out.reduce(task),
 			Self::FileLink(out) => out.reduce(task),
 			Self::FileHardlink(out) => out.reduce(task),
 			Self::FileHardlinkDo(out) => out.reduce(task),
@@ -67,6 +76,12 @@ impl TaskOut {
 			Self::ProcessBlock(out) => out.reduce(task),
 			Self::ProcessOrphan(out) => out.reduce(task),
 			Self::ProcessBg(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			// Hook
+			Self::HookCopy(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::HookCut(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::HookDelete(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::HookTrash(out) => out.reduce(task),
+			Self::HookDownload(out) => out.reduce(task),
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/plugin.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/plugin.rs
index f9d9a0d1..49cf3db0 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/plugin.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/plugin.rs
@@ -12,23 +12,17 @@ pub(crate) struct Plugin {
 
 impl Plugin {
 	pub(crate) fn new(
-		tx: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>,
+		ops: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>,
 		r#macro: &async_priority_channel::Sender<TaskIn, u8>,
 	) -> Self {
-		Self { ops: tx.into(), r#macro: r#macro.clone() }
+		Self { ops: ops.into(), r#macro: r#macro.clone() }
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn micro(&self, task: PluginInEntry) -> Result<(), PluginOutEntry> {
-		isolate::entry(task.opt).await?;
-		self.ops.out(task.id, PluginOutEntry::Succ);
-		Ok(())
-	}
-
-	pub(crate) fn r#macro(&self, task: PluginInEntry) -> Result<(), PluginOutEntry> {
+	pub(crate) async fn entry(&self, task: PluginInEntry) -> Result<(), PluginOutEntry> {
 		Ok(self.queue(task, HIGH))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) async fn macro_do(&self, task: PluginInEntry) -> Result<(), PluginOutEntry> {
+	pub(crate) async fn entry_do(&self, task: PluginInEntry) -> Result<(), PluginOutEntry> {
 		isolate::entry(task.opt).await?;
 		Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, PluginOutEntry::Succ))
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/progress.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/progress.rs
index d6255c5a..b629836a 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/progress.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/plugin/progress.rs
@@ -19,13 +19,15 @@ impl From<PluginProgEntry> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl PluginProgEntry {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs
index c9ec0aa0..2c1cf697 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use tracing::error;
 use yazi_config::Priority;
 use yazi_fs::{FilesOp, FsHash64};
 use yazi_plugin::isolate;
-use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, path::PathLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{event::CmdCow, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 use yazi_vfs::provider;
 
 use super::{PreworkInFetch, PreworkInLoad, PreworkInSize};
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ pub struct Prework {
 
 impl Prework {
 	pub(crate) fn new(
-		tx: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>,
+		ops: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>,
 		r#macro: &async_priority_channel::Sender<TaskIn, u8>,
 	) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			ops:     tx.into(),
+			ops:     ops.into(),
 			r#macro: r#macro.clone(),
 			loaded:  Mutex::new(LruCache::new(NonZeroUsize::new(4096).unwrap())),
 			loading: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(NonZeroUsize::new(256).unwrap())),
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl Prework {
 			let parent = buf[0].0.parent().unwrap();
 			FilesOp::Size(
 				parent.into(),
-				HashMap::from_iter(buf.into_iter().map(|(u, s)| (u.urn().owned(), s))),
+				HashMap::from_iter(buf.into_iter().map(|(u, s)| (u.urn().into(), s))),
 			)
 			.emit();
 		});
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/progress.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/progress.rs
index 9174ef82..f66bde2e 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/progress.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/progress.rs
@@ -19,13 +19,15 @@ impl From<PreworkProgFetch> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl PreworkProgFetch {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -48,13 +50,15 @@ impl From<PreworkProgLoad> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl PreworkProgLoad {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -77,13 +81,15 @@ impl From<PreworkProgSize> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl PreworkProgSize {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.done }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { !self.done }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.done }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { false }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { false }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/in.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/in.rs
index ac88d157..f0c20ee5 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/in.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/in.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use std::ffi::OsString;
 
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, url::UrlCow};
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, Id, url::UrlCow};
 
 use super::ShellOpt;
 
@@ -38,11 +37,11 @@ impl From<ProcessInOrphan> for ShellOpt {
 // --- Bg
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct ProcessInBg {
-	pub(crate) id:     Id,
-	pub(crate) cwd:    UrlCow<'static>,
-	pub(crate) cmd:    OsString,
-	pub(crate) args:   Vec<UrlCow<'static>>,
-	pub(crate) cancel: mpsc::Receiver<()>,
+	pub(crate) id:   Id,
+	pub(crate) cwd:  UrlCow<'static>,
+	pub(crate) cmd:  OsString,
+	pub(crate) args: Vec<UrlCow<'static>>,
+	pub(crate) done: CompletionToken,
 }
 
 impl From<ProcessInBg> for ShellOpt {
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/out.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/out.rs
index 8d96a5d1..32b458ff 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/out.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/out.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use crate::{Task, TaskProg};
 pub(crate) enum ProcessOutBlock {
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
-	Clean,
 }
 
 impl From<std::io::Error> for ProcessOutBlock {
@@ -22,9 +21,6 @@ impl ProcessOutBlock {
 				prog.state = Some(false);
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
-			Self::Clean => {
-				prog.cleaned = true;
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -34,7 +30,6 @@ impl ProcessOutBlock {
 pub(crate) enum ProcessOutOrphan {
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
-	Clean,
 }
 
 impl From<anyhow::Error> for ProcessOutOrphan {
@@ -52,9 +47,6 @@ impl ProcessOutOrphan {
 				prog.state = Some(false);
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
-			Self::Clean => {
-				prog.cleaned = true;
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -65,7 +57,6 @@ pub(crate) enum ProcessOutBg {
 	Log(String),
 	Succ,
 	Fail(String),
-	Clean,
 }
 
 impl From<anyhow::Error> for ProcessOutBg {
@@ -86,9 +77,6 @@ impl ProcessOutBg {
 				prog.state = Some(false);
 				task.log(reason);
 			}
-			Self::Clean => {
-				prog.cleaned = true;
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/process.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/process.rs
index 9a5d28f9..2262bf7b 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/process.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/process.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
-use scopeguard::defer;
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader}, select, sync::mpsc};
+use yazi_binding::Permit;
 use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, HIDER};
 
 use super::{ProcessInBg, ProcessInBlock, ProcessInOrphan, ShellOpt};
@@ -11,17 +11,16 @@ pub(crate) struct Process {
 }
 
 impl Process {
-	pub(crate) fn new(tx: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>) -> Self { Self { ops: tx.into() } }
+	pub(crate) fn new(ops: &mpsc::UnboundedSender<TaskOp>) -> Self { Self { ops: ops.into() } }
 
 	pub(crate) async fn block(&self, task: ProcessInBlock) -> Result<(), ProcessOutBlock> {
-		let _permit = HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap();
-		defer!(AppProxy::resume());
+		let _permit = Permit::new(HIDER.acquire().await.unwrap(), AppProxy::resume());
 		AppProxy::stop().await;
 
 		let (id, cmd) = (task.id, task.cmd.clone());
 		let result = super::shell(task.into()).await;
 		if let Err(e) = result {
-			AppProxy::notify_warn(&cmd.to_string_lossy(), format!("Failed to start process: {e}"));
+			AppProxy::notify_warn(cmd.to_string_lossy(), format!("Failed to start process: {e}"));
 			return Ok(self.ops.out(id, ProcessOutBlock::Succ));
 		}
 
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ impl Process {
 				Some(code) => format!("Process exited with status code: {code}"),
 				None => "Process terminated by signal".to_string(),
 			};
-			AppProxy::notify_warn(&cmd.to_string_lossy(), &content);
+			AppProxy::notify_warn(cmd.to_string_lossy(), content);
 		}
 
 		Ok(self.ops.out(id, ProcessOutBlock::Succ))
@@ -55,14 +54,13 @@ impl Process {
 		})
 		.await?;
 
+		let done = task.done;
 		let mut stdout = BufReader::new(child.stdout.take().unwrap()).lines();
 		let mut stderr = BufReader::new(child.stderr.take().unwrap()).lines();
-		let mut cancel = task.cancel;
 		loop {
 			select! {
-				_ = cancel.recv() => {
+				false = done.future() => {
 					child.start_kill().ok();
-					cancel.close();
 					break;
 				}
 				Ok(Some(line)) = stdout.next_line() => {
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/progress.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/progress.rs
index 81980e1d..9dd27dd4 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/progress.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/progress.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ use yazi_parser::app::TaskSummary;
 // --- Block
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct ProcessProgBlock {
-	pub state:   Option<bool>,
-	pub cleaned: bool,
+	pub state: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl From<ProcessProgBlock> for TaskSummary {
@@ -20,13 +19,15 @@ impl From<ProcessProgBlock> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl ProcessProgBlock {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { self.cleaned }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -34,8 +35,7 @@ impl ProcessProgBlock {
 // --- Orphan
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct ProcessProgOrphan {
-	pub state:   Option<bool>,
-	pub cleaned: bool,
+	pub state: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl From<ProcessProgOrphan> for TaskSummary {
@@ -50,13 +50,15 @@ impl From<ProcessProgOrphan> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl ProcessProgOrphan {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { self.cleaned }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
@@ -64,8 +66,7 @@ impl ProcessProgOrphan {
 // --- Bg
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct ProcessProgBg {
-	pub state:   Option<bool>,
-	pub cleaned: bool,
+	pub state: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl From<ProcessProgBg> for TaskSummary {
@@ -80,13 +81,15 @@ impl From<ProcessProgBg> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl ProcessProgBg {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool { self.state.is_none() }
 
-	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(true) }
+	pub fn success(self) -> bool { self.cooked() }
 
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool { self.state == Some(false) }
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool { self.cleaned }
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> { None }
 
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> { None }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/shell.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/shell.rs
index 25d1bfe3..0266a111 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/process/shell.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/process/shell.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{ffi::OsString, process::Stdio};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::process::{Child, Command};
-use yazi_fs::{Cwd, FsUrl};
+use yazi_fs::Cwd;
 use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, UrlCow};
 
 pub(crate) struct ShellOpt {
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn shell(opt: ShellOpt) -> Result<Child> {
 
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		return Ok(unsafe {
+			use yazi_fs::FsUrl;
 			use yazi_shared::url::AsUrl;
 
 			Command::new("sh")
@@ -40,9 +41,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn shell(opt: ShellOpt) -> Result<Child> {
 				.stderr(opt.stdio())
 				.arg("-c")
 				.arg(opt.cmd)
-				.arg("--")
 				// TODO: remove
-				.args(opt.args.iter().skip(1).map(|u| u.as_url().unified_path_str()))
+				.args(opt.args.iter().map(|u| u.as_url().unified_path_str()))
 				.current_dir(cwd)
 				.kill_on_drop(!opt.orphan)
 				.pre_exec(move || {
@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn shell(opt: ShellOpt) -> Result<Child> {
 				.stdin(opt.stdio())
 				.stdout(opt.stdio())
 				.stderr(opt.stdio())
-				.raw_arg("/C")
+				.env("=", r#""^\n\n""#)
+				.raw_arg(r#"/Q /S /D /V:OFF /E:ON /C ""#)
 				.raw_arg(opt.cmd)
+				.raw_arg(r#"""#)
 				.current_dir(cwd)
 				.kill_on_drop(!opt.orphan)
 				.spawn()?,
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/progress.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/progress.rs
index 10abc5fc..68c9efaf 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/progress.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/progress.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 use serde::Serialize;
 use yazi_parser::app::TaskSummary;
 
-use crate::{file::{FileProgDelete, FileProgDownload, FileProgHardlink, FileProgLink, FileProgPaste, FileProgTrash, FileProgUpload}, impl_from_prog, plugin::PluginProgEntry, prework::{PreworkProgFetch, PreworkProgLoad, PreworkProgSize}, process::{ProcessProgBg, ProcessProgBlock, ProcessProgOrphan}};
+use crate::{file::{FileProgCopy, FileProgCut, FileProgDelete, FileProgDownload, FileProgHardlink, FileProgLink, FileProgTrash, FileProgUpload}, impl_from_prog, plugin::PluginProgEntry, prework::{PreworkProgFetch, PreworkProgLoad, PreworkProgSize}, process::{ProcessProgBg, ProcessProgBlock, ProcessProgOrphan}};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "kind")]
 pub enum TaskProg {
 	// File
-	FilePaste(FileProgPaste),
+	FileCopy(FileProgCopy),
+	FileCut(FileProgCut),
 	FileLink(FileProgLink),
 	FileHardlink(FileProgHardlink),
 	FileDelete(FileProgDelete),
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ pub enum TaskProg {
 
 impl_from_prog! {
 	// File
-	FilePaste(FileProgPaste), FileLink(FileProgLink), FileHardlink(FileProgHardlink), FileDelete(FileProgDelete), FileTrash(FileProgTrash), FileDownload(FileProgDownload), FileUpload(FileProgUpload),
+	FileCopy(FileProgCopy), FileCut(FileProgCut), FileLink(FileProgLink), FileHardlink(FileProgHardlink), FileDelete(FileProgDelete), FileTrash(FileProgTrash), FileDownload(FileProgDownload), FileUpload(FileProgUpload),
 	// Plugin
 	PluginEntry(PluginProgEntry),
 	// Prework
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ impl From<TaskProg> for TaskSummary {
 	fn from(value: TaskProg) -> Self {
 		match value {
 			// File
-			TaskProg::FilePaste(p) => p.into(),
+			TaskProg::FileCopy(p) => p.into(),
+			TaskProg::FileCut(p) => p.into(),
 			TaskProg::FileLink(p) => p.into(),
 			TaskProg::FileHardlink(p) => p.into(),
 			TaskProg::FileDelete(p) => p.into(),
@@ -63,10 +65,35 @@ impl From<TaskProg> for TaskSummary {
 }
 
 impl TaskProg {
+	pub fn cooked(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			// File
+			Self::FileCopy(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileCut(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileLink(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileHardlink(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileDelete(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileTrash(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileDownload(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::FileUpload(p) => p.cooked(),
+			// Plugin
+			Self::PluginEntry(p) => p.cooked(),
+			// Prework
+			Self::PreworkFetch(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::PreworkLoad(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::PreworkSize(p) => p.cooked(),
+			// Process
+			Self::ProcessBlock(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::ProcessOrphan(p) => p.cooked(),
+			Self::ProcessBg(p) => p.cooked(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	pub fn running(self) -> bool {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(p) => p.running(),
+			Self::FileCopy(p) => p.running(),
+			Self::FileCut(p) => p.running(),
 			Self::FileLink(p) => p.running(),
 			Self::FileHardlink(p) => p.running(),
 			Self::FileDelete(p) => p.running(),
@@ -89,7 +116,8 @@ impl TaskProg {
 	pub fn success(self) -> bool {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(p) => p.success(),
+			Self::FileCopy(p) => p.success(),
+			Self::FileCut(p) => p.success(),
 			Self::FileLink(p) => p.success(),
 			Self::FileHardlink(p) => p.success(),
 			Self::FileDelete(p) => p.success(),
@@ -112,7 +140,8 @@ impl TaskProg {
 	pub fn failed(self) -> bool {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(p) => p.failed(),
+			Self::FileCopy(p) => p.failed(),
+			Self::FileCut(p) => p.failed(),
 			Self::FileLink(p) => p.failed(),
 			Self::FileHardlink(p) => p.failed(),
 			Self::FileDelete(p) => p.failed(),
@@ -132,10 +161,11 @@ impl TaskProg {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn cleaned(self) -> bool {
+	pub fn cleaned(self) -> Option<bool> {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(p) => p.cleaned(),
+			Self::FileCopy(p) => p.cleaned(),
+			Self::FileCut(p) => p.cleaned(),
 			Self::FileLink(p) => p.cleaned(),
 			Self::FileHardlink(p) => p.cleaned(),
 			Self::FileDelete(p) => p.cleaned(),
@@ -158,7 +188,8 @@ impl TaskProg {
 	pub fn percent(self) -> Option<f32> {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(p) => p.percent(),
+			Self::FileCopy(p) => p.percent(),
+			Self::FileCut(p) => p.percent(),
 			Self::FileLink(p) => p.percent(),
 			Self::FileHardlink(p) => p.percent(),
 			Self::FileDelete(p) => p.percent(),
@@ -181,7 +212,8 @@ impl TaskProg {
 	pub(crate) fn is_user(self) -> bool {
 		match self {
 			// File
-			Self::FilePaste(_) => true,
+			Self::FileCopy(_) => true,
+			Self::FileCut(_) => true,
 			Self::FileLink(_) => true,
 			Self::FileHardlink(_) => true,
 			Self::FileDelete(_) => true,
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/runner.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/runner.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..179e9e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/runner.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use crate::{TaskIn, TaskOut, file::File, hook::Hook, plugin::Plugin, prework::Prework, process::Process};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Runner {
+	pub(super) file:    Arc<File>,
+	pub(super) plugin:  Arc<Plugin>,
+	pub prework:        Arc<Prework>,
+	pub(super) process: Arc<Process>,
+	pub(super) hook:    Arc<Hook>,
+}
+
+impl Runner {
+	pub(super) async fn micro(&self, r#in: TaskIn) -> Result<(), TaskOut> {
+		match r#in {
+			// File
+			TaskIn::FileCopy(r#in) => self.file.copy(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileCut(r#in) => self.file.cut(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileLink(r#in) => self.file.link(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileHardlink(r#in) => self.file.hardlink(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileDelete(r#in) => self.file.delete(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileTrash(r#in) => self.file.trash(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileDownload(r#in) => self.file.download(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileUpload(r#in) => self.file.upload(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Plugin
+			TaskIn::PluginEntry(r#in) => self.plugin.entry(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Prework
+			TaskIn::PreworkFetch(r#in) => self.prework.fetch(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::PreworkLoad(r#in) => self.prework.load(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::PreworkSize(r#in) => self.prework.size(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Process
+			TaskIn::ProcessBlock(r#in) => self.process.block(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::ProcessOrphan(r#in) => self.process.orphan(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::ProcessBg(r#in) => self.process.bg(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Hook
+			TaskIn::HookCopy(r#in) => Ok(self.hook.copy(r#in).await),
+			TaskIn::HookCut(r#in) => Ok(self.hook.cut(r#in).await),
+			TaskIn::HookDelete(r#in) => Ok(self.hook.delete(r#in).await),
+			TaskIn::HookTrash(r#in) => Ok(self.hook.trash(r#in).await),
+			TaskIn::HookDownload(r#in) => Ok(self.hook.download(r#in).await),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) async fn r#macro(&self, r#in: TaskIn) -> Result<(), TaskOut> {
+		match r#in {
+			// File
+			TaskIn::FileCopy(r#in) => self.file.copy_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileCut(r#in) => self.file.cut_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileLink(r#in) => self.file.link_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileHardlink(r#in) => self.file.hardlink_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileDelete(r#in) => self.file.delete_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileTrash(r#in) => self.file.trash_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileDownload(r#in) => self.file.download_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::FileUpload(r#in) => self.file.upload_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Plugin
+			TaskIn::PluginEntry(r#in) => self.plugin.entry_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Prework
+			TaskIn::PreworkFetch(r#in) => self.prework.fetch_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::PreworkLoad(r#in) => self.prework.load_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			TaskIn::PreworkSize(r#in) => self.prework.size_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
+			// Process
+			TaskIn::ProcessBlock(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			TaskIn::ProcessOrphan(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			TaskIn::ProcessBg(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			// Hook
+			TaskIn::HookCopy(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			TaskIn::HookCut(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			TaskIn::HookDelete(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			TaskIn::HookTrash(_in) => unreachable!(),
+			TaskIn::HookDownload(_in) => unreachable!(),
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs
index 0459b95b..ffcc83d5 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,18 @@
-use std::{future::Future, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
-use anyhow::Result;
-use futures::{FutureExt, future::BoxFuture};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
-use tokio::{select, sync::{mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}, oneshot}, task::JoinHandle};
+use tokio::{select, sync::mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}, task::JoinHandle};
 use yazi_config::{YAZI, plugin::{Fetcher, Preloader}};
-use yazi_dds::Pump;
 use yazi_parser::{app::PluginOpt, tasks::ProcessOpenOpt};
-use yazi_proxy::TasksProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{Id, Throttle, scheme::SchemeLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
-use yazi_vfs::{must_be_dir, provider, unique_name};
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, Id, Throttle, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 use super::{Ongoing, TaskOp};
-use crate::{HIGH, LOW, NORMAL, TaskIn, TaskOps, TaskOut, file::{File, FileInDelete, FileInDownload, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInPaste, FileInTrash, FileInUpload, FileOutDelete, FileOutDownload, FileOutHardlink, FileOutPaste, FileOutUpload, FileProgDelete, FileProgDownload, FileProgHardlink, FileProgLink, FileProgPaste, FileProgTrash, FileProgUpload}, plugin::{Plugin, PluginInEntry, PluginProgEntry}, prework::{Prework, PreworkInFetch, PreworkInLoad, PreworkInSize, PreworkProgFetch, PreworkProgLoad, PreworkProgSize}, process::{Process, ProcessInBg, ProcessInBlock, ProcessInOrphan, ProcessOutBg, ProcessOutBlock, ProcessOutOrphan, ProcessProgBg, ProcessProgBlock, ProcessProgOrphan}};
+use crate::{HIGH, LOW, NORMAL, Runner, TaskIn, TaskOps, file::{File, FileInCopy, FileInCut, FileInDelete, FileInDownload, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInTrash, FileInUpload, FileOutCopy, FileOutCut, FileOutDownload, FileOutHardlink, FileOutUpload, FileProgCopy, FileProgCut, FileProgDelete, FileProgDownload, FileProgHardlink, FileProgLink, FileProgTrash, FileProgUpload}, hook::{Hook, HookInOutDelete, HookInOutDownload, HookInOutTrash}, plugin::{Plugin, PluginInEntry, PluginProgEntry}, prework::{Prework, PreworkInFetch, PreworkInLoad, PreworkInSize, PreworkProgFetch, PreworkProgLoad, PreworkProgSize}, process::{Process, ProcessInBg, ProcessInBlock, ProcessInOrphan, ProcessProgBg, ProcessProgBlock, ProcessProgOrphan}};
 
 pub struct Scheduler {
-	file:        Arc<File>,
-	plugin:      Arc<Plugin>,
-	pub prework: Arc<Prework>,
-	process:     Arc<Process>,
-
 	ops:         TaskOps,
-	micro:       async_priority_channel::Sender<BoxFuture<'static, ()>, u8>,
+	pub runner:  Runner,
+	micro:       async_priority_channel::Sender<TaskIn, u8>,
 	handles:     Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
 	pub ongoing: Arc<Mutex<Ongoing>>,
 }
@@ -31,19 +22,24 @@ impl Scheduler {
 		let (op_tx, op_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 		let (micro_tx, micro_rx) = async_priority_channel::unbounded();
 		let (macro_tx, macro_rx) = async_priority_channel::unbounded();
+		let ongoing = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Ongoing::default()));
 
-		let mut scheduler = Self {
+		let runner = Runner {
 			file:    Arc::new(File::new(&op_tx, &macro_tx)),
 			plugin:  Arc::new(Plugin::new(&op_tx, &macro_tx)),
 			prework: Arc::new(Prework::new(&op_tx, &macro_tx)),
 			process: Arc::new(Process::new(&op_tx)),
+			hook:    Arc::new(Hook::new(&op_tx, &ongoing)),
+		};
 
-			ops:     TaskOps(op_tx),
-			micro:   micro_tx,
+		let mut scheduler = Self {
+			ops: TaskOps(op_tx),
+			runner,
+			micro: micro_tx,
 			handles: Vec::with_capacity(
 				YAZI.tasks.micro_workers as usize + YAZI.tasks.macro_workers as usize + 1,
 			),
-			ongoing: Default::default(),
+			ongoing,
 		};
 
 		for _ in 0..YAZI.tasks.micro_workers {
@@ -57,16 +53,12 @@ impl Scheduler {
 	}
 
 	pub fn cancel(&self, id: Id) -> bool {
-		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-
-		if let Some(hook) = ongoing.hooks.pop(id)
-			&& let Some(fut) = hook.call(true)
-		{
-			self.micro.try_send(fut, HIGH).ok();
+		if let Some(hook) = self.ongoing.lock().cancel(id) {
+			self.micro.try_send(hook, HIGH).ok();
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		ongoing.all.remove(&id).is_some()
+		true
 	}
 
 	pub fn shutdown(&self) {
@@ -75,229 +67,190 @@ impl Scheduler {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn file_cut(&self, from: UrlBuf, mut to: UrlBuf, force: bool) {
+	pub fn file_cut(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf, force: bool) {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let id = ongoing.add::<FileProgPaste>(format!("Cut {} to {}", from.display(), to.display()));
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgCut>(format!("Cut {} to {}", from.display(), to.display()));
 
-		if to.starts_with(&from) && !to.covariant(&from) {
-			return self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::Fail("Cannot cut directory into itself".to_owned()));
-		}
-
-		ongoing.hooks.add_async(id, {
-			let ops = self.ops.clone();
-			let (from, to) = (from.clone(), to.clone());
-
-			move |canceled| async move {
-				if !canceled {
-					provider::remove_dir_clean(&from).await.ok();
-					Pump::push_move(from, to);
-				}
-				ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::Clean);
-			}
-		});
-
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
-			if !force {
-				to = unique_name(to, must_be_dir(&from)).await?;
-			}
-			file.paste(FileInPaste { id, from, to, cha: None, cut: true, follow: false, retry: 0 }).await
-		});
-	}
-
-	pub fn file_copy(&self, from: UrlBuf, mut to: UrlBuf, force: bool, follow: bool) {
-		let id = self.ongoing.lock().add::<FileProgPaste>(format!(
-			"Copy {} to {}",
-			from.display(),
-			to.display()
-		));
-
-		if to.starts_with(&from) && !to.covariant(&from) {
-			return self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::Fail("Cannot copy directory into itself".to_owned()));
-		}
-
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
-			if !force {
-				to = unique_name(to, must_be_dir(&from)).await?;
-			}
-			file.paste(FileInPaste { id, from, to, cha: None, cut: false, follow, retry: 0 }).await
-		});
-	}
-
-	pub fn file_link(&self, from: UrlBuf, mut to: UrlBuf, relative: bool, force: bool) {
-		let id = self.ongoing.lock().add::<FileProgLink>(format!(
-			"Link {} to {}",
-			from.display(),
-			to.display()
-		));
-
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
-			if !force {
-				to = unique_name(to, must_be_dir(&from)).await?;
-			}
-			file.link(FileInLink { id, from, to, cha: None, resolve: false, relative, delete: false })
-		});
-	}
-
-	pub fn file_hardlink(&self, from: UrlBuf, mut to: UrlBuf, force: bool, follow: bool) {
-		let id = self.ongoing.lock().add::<FileProgHardlink>(format!(
-			"Hardlink {} to {}",
-			from.display(),
-			to.display()
-		));
-
-		if to.starts_with(&from) && !to.covariant(&from) {
+		if to.try_starts_with(&from).unwrap_or(false) && !to.covariant(&from) {
 			return self
 				.ops
-				.out(id, FileOutHardlink::Fail("Cannot hardlink directory into itself".to_owned()));
+				.out(task.id, FileOutCut::Fail("Cannot cut directory into itself".to_owned()));
 		}
 
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
-			if !force {
-				to = unique_name(to, must_be_dir(&from)).await?;
-			}
-			file.hardlink(FileInHardlink { id, from, to, cha: None, follow }).await
-		});
+		let follow = !from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme());
+		self.queue(
+			FileInCut {
+				id: task.id,
+				from,
+				to,
+				force,
+				cha: None,
+				follow,
+				retry: 0,
+				drop: None,
+				done: task.done.clone(),
+			},
+			LOW,
+		);
+	}
+
+	pub fn file_copy(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf, force: bool, follow: bool) {
+		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgCopy>(format!("Copy {} to {}", from.display(), to.display()));
+
+		if to.try_starts_with(&from).unwrap_or(false) && !to.covariant(&from) {
+			return self
+				.ops
+				.out(task.id, FileOutCopy::Fail("Cannot copy directory into itself".to_owned()));
+		}
+
+		let follow = follow || !from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme());
+		self.queue(
+			FileInCopy {
+				id: task.id,
+				from,
+				to,
+				force,
+				cha: None,
+				follow,
+				retry: 0,
+				done: task.done.clone(),
+			},
+			LOW,
+		);
+	}
+
+	pub fn file_link(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf, relative: bool, force: bool) {
+		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgLink>(format!("Link {} to {}", from.display(), to.display()));
+
+		self.queue(
+			FileInLink {
+				id: task.id,
+				from,
+				to,
+				force,
+				cha: None,
+				resolve: false,
+				relative,
+				delete: false,
+			},
+			LOW,
+		);
+	}
+
+	pub fn file_hardlink(&self, from: UrlBuf, to: UrlBuf, force: bool, follow: bool) {
+		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
+		let task =
+			ongoing.add::<FileProgHardlink>(format!("Hardlink {} to {}", from.display(), to.display()));
+
+		if !from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme()) {
+			return self
+				.ops
+				.out(task.id, FileOutHardlink::Fail("Cannot hardlink cross filesystem".to_owned()));
+		}
+
+		if to.try_starts_with(&from).unwrap_or(false) && !to.covariant(&from) {
+			return self
+				.ops
+				.out(task.id, FileOutHardlink::Fail("Cannot hardlink directory into itself".to_owned()));
+		}
+
+		self.queue(FileInHardlink { id: task.id, from, to, force, cha: None, follow }, LOW);
 	}
 
 	pub fn file_delete(&self, target: UrlBuf) {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let id = ongoing.add::<FileProgDelete>(format!("Delete {}", target.display()));
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgDelete>(format!("Delete {}", target.display()));
 
-		ongoing.hooks.add_async(id, {
-			let ops = self.ops.clone();
-			let target = target.clone();
-
-			move |canceled| async move {
-				if !canceled {
-					provider::remove_dir_all(&target).await.ok();
-					TasksProxy::update_succeed(&target);
-					Pump::push_delete(target);
-				}
-				ops.out(id, FileOutDelete::Clean);
-			}
-		});
-
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(
-			id,
-			LOW,
-			async move { file.delete(FileInDelete { id, target, length: 0 }).await },
-		);
+		task.set_hook(HookInOutDelete { id: task.id, target: target.clone() });
+		self.queue(FileInDelete { id: task.id, target, cha: None }, LOW);
 	}
 
 	pub fn file_trash(&self, target: UrlBuf) {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let id = ongoing.add::<FileProgTrash>(format!("Trash {}", target.display()));
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgTrash>(format!("Trash {}", target.display()));
 
-		ongoing.hooks.add_sync(id, {
-			let target = target.clone();
-			move |canceled| {
-				if !canceled {
-					TasksProxy::update_succeed(&target);
-					Pump::push_trash(target);
-				}
-			}
-		});
-
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move { file.trash(FileInTrash { id, target }) })
+		task.set_hook(HookInOutTrash { id: task.id, target: target.clone() });
+		self.queue(FileInTrash { id: task.id, target }, LOW);
 	}
 
-	pub fn file_download(&self, url: UrlBuf, done: Option<oneshot::Sender<bool>>) {
+	pub fn file_download(&self, url: UrlBuf) -> CompletionToken {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let id = ongoing.add::<FileProgDownload>(format!("Download {}", url.display()));
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgDownload>(format!("Download {}", url.display()));
 
-		if let Some(tx) = done {
-			ongoing.hooks.add_sync(id, move |canceled| _ = tx.send(canceled));
+		task.set_hook(HookInOutDownload { id: task.id });
+		if url.kind().is_remote() {
+			self.queue(
+				FileInDownload { id: task.id, url, cha: None, retry: 0, done: task.done.clone() },
+				LOW,
+			);
+		} else {
+			self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutDownload::Fail("Cannot download non-remote file".to_owned()));
 		}
 
-		if !url.scheme.is_remote() {
-			return self.ops.out(id, FileOutDownload::Fail("Cannot download non-remote file".to_owned()));
-		};
-
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
-			file.download(FileInDownload { id, url, cha: None, retry: 0 }).await
-		});
+		task.done.clone()
 	}
 
 	pub fn file_upload(&self, url: UrlBuf) {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let id = ongoing.add::<FileProgUpload>(format!("Upload {}", url.display()));
+		let task = ongoing.add::<FileProgUpload>(format!("Upload {}", url.display()));
 
-		if !url.scheme.is_remote() {
-			return self.ops.out(id, FileOutUpload::Fail("Cannot upload non-remote file".to_owned()));
+		if !url.kind().is_remote() {
+			return self
+				.ops
+				.out(task.id, FileOutUpload::Fail("Cannot upload non-remote file".to_owned()));
 		};
 
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move { file.upload(FileInUpload { id, url }).await });
+		self.queue(
+			FileInUpload { id: task.id, url, cha: None, cache: None, done: task.done.clone() },
+			LOW,
+		);
 	}
 
-	pub fn plugin_micro(&self, opt: PluginOpt) {
-		let id = self.ongoing.lock().add::<PluginProgEntry>(format!("Run micro plugin `{}`", opt.id));
+	pub fn plugin_entry(&self, opt: PluginOpt) {
+		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
+		let task = ongoing.add::<PluginProgEntry>(format!("Run micro plugin `{}`", opt.id));
 
-		let plugin = self.plugin.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, NORMAL, async move { plugin.micro(PluginInEntry { id, opt }).await });
-	}
-
-	pub fn plugin_macro(&self, opt: PluginOpt) {
-		let id = self.ongoing.lock().add::<PluginProgEntry>(format!("Run macro plugin `{}`", opt.id));
-
-		self.plugin.r#macro(PluginInEntry { id, opt }).ok();
+		self.queue(PluginInEntry { id: task.id, opt }, NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	pub fn fetch_paged(
 		&self,
 		fetcher: &'static Fetcher,
 		targets: Vec<yazi_fs::File>,
-		done: Option<oneshot::Sender<bool>>,
-	) {
+	) -> CompletionToken {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let id = ongoing.add::<PreworkProgFetch>(format!(
+		let task = ongoing.add::<PreworkProgFetch>(format!(
 			"Run fetcher `{}` with {} target(s)",
 			fetcher.run.name,
 			targets.len()
 		));
 
-		if let Some(tx) = done {
-			ongoing.hooks.add_sync(id, move |canceled| _ = tx.send(canceled));
-		}
-
-		let prework = self.prework.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, NORMAL, async move {
-			prework.fetch(PreworkInFetch { id, plugin: fetcher, targets }).await
-		});
+		self.queue(PreworkInFetch { id: task.id, plugin: fetcher, targets }, NORMAL);
+		task.done.clone()
 	}
 
 	pub async fn fetch_mimetype(&self, targets: Vec<yazi_fs::File>) -> bool {
 		let mut wg = vec![];
 		for (fetcher, targets) in YAZI.plugin.mime_fetchers(targets) {
-			let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-			self.fetch_paged(fetcher, targets, Some(tx));
-			wg.push(rx);
+			wg.push(self.fetch_paged(fetcher, targets));
 		}
 
-		for rx in wg {
-			if rx.await != Ok(false) {
-				return false; // Canceled or error
+		for done in wg {
+			if !done.future().await {
+				return false; // Canceled
 			}
 		}
 		true
 	}
 
 	pub fn preload_paged(&self, preloader: &'static Preloader, target: &yazi_fs::File) {
-		let id =
-			self.ongoing.lock().add::<PreworkProgLoad>(format!("Run preloader `{}`", preloader.run.name));
+		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
+		let task = ongoing.add::<PreworkProgLoad>(format!("Run preloader `{}`", preloader.run.name));
 
 		let target = target.clone();
-		let prework = self.prework.clone();
-		self.send_micro(id, NORMAL, async move {
-			prework.load(PreworkInLoad { id, plugin: preloader, target }).await
-		});
+		self.queue(PreworkInLoad { id: task.id, plugin: preloader, target }, NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	pub fn prework_size(&self, targets: Vec<&UrlBuf>) {
@@ -305,15 +258,12 @@ impl Scheduler {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
 
 		for target in targets {
-			let id =
+			let task =
 				ongoing.add::<PreworkProgSize>(format!("Calculate the size of {}", target.display()));
 			let target = target.clone();
 			let throttle = throttle.clone();
 
-			let prework = self.prework.clone();
-			self.send_micro(id, NORMAL, async move {
-				prework.size(PreworkInSize { id, target, throttle }).await
-			});
+			self.queue(PreworkInSize { id: task.id, target, throttle }, NORMAL);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -328,50 +278,63 @@ impl Scheduler {
 		};
 
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
-		let (id, clean): (_, TaskOut) = if opt.block {
-			(ongoing.add::<ProcessProgBlock>(name), ProcessOutBlock::Clean.into())
+		let task = if opt.block {
+			ongoing.add::<ProcessProgBlock>(name)
 		} else if opt.orphan {
-			(ongoing.add::<ProcessProgOrphan>(name), ProcessOutOrphan::Clean.into())
+			ongoing.add::<ProcessProgOrphan>(name)
 		} else {
-			(ongoing.add::<ProcessProgBg>(name), ProcessOutBg::Clean.into())
+			ongoing.add::<ProcessProgBg>(name)
 		};
 
-		let ops = self.ops.clone();
-		let (cancel_tx, cancel_rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
-		ongoing.hooks.add_async(id, move |canceled| async move {
-			if canceled {
-				cancel_tx.send(()).await.ok();
-				cancel_tx.closed().await;
-			}
-			if let Some(tx) = opt.done {
-				tx.send(()).ok();
-			}
-			ops.out(id, clean);
-		});
+		if let Some(done) = opt.done {
+			task.done = done;
+		}
 
-		let process = self.process.clone();
-		self.send_micro::<_, TaskOut>(id, NORMAL, async move {
-			if opt.block {
-				process.block(ProcessInBlock { id, cwd: opt.cwd, cmd: opt.cmd, args: opt.args }).await?;
-			} else if opt.orphan {
-				process.orphan(ProcessInOrphan { id, cwd: opt.cwd, cmd: opt.cmd, args: opt.args }).await?;
-			} else {
-				process
-					.bg(ProcessInBg { id, cwd: opt.cwd, cmd: opt.cmd, args: opt.args, cancel: cancel_rx })
-					.await?;
-			}
-			Ok(())
-		});
+		if opt.block {
+			self
+				.queue(ProcessInBlock { id: task.id, cwd: opt.cwd, cmd: opt.cmd, args: opt.args }, NORMAL);
+		} else if opt.orphan {
+			self
+				.queue(ProcessInOrphan { id: task.id, cwd: opt.cwd, cmd: opt.cmd, args: opt.args }, NORMAL);
+		} else {
+			self.queue(
+				ProcessInBg {
+					id:   task.id,
+					cwd:  opt.cwd,
+					cmd:  opt.cmd,
+					args: opt.args,
+					done: task.done.clone(),
+				},
+				NORMAL,
+			);
+		};
 	}
 
-	fn schedule_micro(
-		&self,
-		rx: async_priority_channel::Receiver<BoxFuture<'static, ()>, u8>,
-	) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+	fn schedule_micro(&self, rx: async_priority_channel::Receiver<TaskIn, u8>) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+		let ops = self.ops.clone();
+		let runner = self.runner.clone();
+		let ongoing = self.ongoing.clone();
+
 		tokio::spawn(async move {
 			loop {
-				if let Ok((fut, _)) = rx.recv().await {
-					fut.await;
+				if let Ok((r#in, _)) = rx.recv().await {
+					let id = r#in.id();
+					let Some(token) = ongoing.lock().get_token(id) else {
+						continue;
+					};
+
+					let result = if r#in.is_hook() {
+						runner.micro(r#in).await
+					} else {
+						select! {
+							r = runner.micro(r#in) => r,
+							false = token.future() => Ok(())
+						}
+					};
+
+					if let Err(out) = result {
+						ops.out(id, out);
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		})
@@ -379,49 +342,41 @@ impl Scheduler {
 
 	fn schedule_macro(
 		&self,
-		micro: async_priority_channel::Receiver<BoxFuture<'static, ()>, u8>,
+		micro: async_priority_channel::Receiver<TaskIn, u8>,
 		r#macro: async_priority_channel::Receiver<TaskIn, u8>,
 	) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-		let file = self.file.clone();
-		let plugin = self.plugin.clone();
-		let prework = self.prework.clone();
-
 		let ops = self.ops.clone();
+		let runner = self.runner.clone();
 		let ongoing = self.ongoing.clone();
 
 		tokio::spawn(async move {
 			loop {
-				select! {
-					Ok((fut, _)) = micro.recv() => {
-						fut.await;
-					}
-					Ok((r#in, _)) = r#macro.recv() => {
-						let id = r#in.id();
-						if !ongoing.lock().exists(id) {
-							continue;
-						}
+				let (r#in, micro) = select! {
+					Ok((r#in, _)) = micro.recv() => (r#in, true),
+					Ok((r#in, _)) = r#macro.recv() => (r#in, false),
+				};
 
-						let result: Result<_, TaskOut> = match r#in {
-							// File
-							TaskIn::FilePaste(r#in) => file.paste_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::FileLink(r#in) => file.link_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::FileHardlink(r#in) => file.hardlink_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::FileDelete(r#in) => file.delete_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::FileTrash(r#in) => file.trash_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::FileDownload(r#in) => file.download_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::FileUploadDo(r#in) => file.upload_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							// Plugin
-							TaskIn::PluginEntry(r#in) => plugin.macro_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							// Prework
-							TaskIn::PreworkFetch(r#in) => prework.fetch_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::PreworkLoad(r#in) => prework.load_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-							TaskIn::PreworkSize(r#in) => prework.size_do(r#in).await.map_err(Into::into),
-						};
+				let id = r#in.id();
+				let Some(token) = ongoing.lock().get_token(id) else {
+					continue;
+				};
 
-						if let Err(out) = result {
-							ops.out(id, out);
-						}
+				let result = if r#in.is_hook() {
+					if micro { runner.micro(r#in).await } else { runner.r#macro(r#in).await }
+				} else if micro {
+					select! {
+						r = runner.micro(r#in) => r,
+						false = token.future() => Ok(()),
 					}
+				} else {
+					select! {
+						r = runner.r#macro(r#in) => r,
+						false = token.future() => Ok(()),
+					}
+				};
+
+				if let Err(out) = result {
+					ops.out(id, out);
 				}
 			}
 		})
@@ -437,33 +392,21 @@ impl Scheduler {
 				let Some(task) = ongoing.get_mut(op.id) else { continue };
 
 				op.out.reduce(task);
-				if !task.prog.success() && !task.prog.cleaned() {
-					continue;
-				} else if let Some(hook) = ongoing.hooks.pop(op.id)
-					&& let Some(fut) = hook.call(false)
-				{
-					micro.try_send(fut, LOW).ok();
+				if !task.prog.cooked() && task.done.completed() != Some(false) {
+					continue; // Not cooked yet, also not canceled
+				} else if task.prog.cleaned() == Some(false) {
+					continue; // Failed to clean up
+				} else if let Some(hook) = task.hook.take() {
+					micro.try_send(hook, LOW).ok();
 				} else {
-					ongoing.all.remove(&op.id);
+					ongoing.fulfill(op.id);
 				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn send_micro<F, E>(&self, id: Id, priority: u8, f: F)
-	where
-		F: Future<Output = Result<(), E>> + Send + 'static,
-		E: Into<TaskOut>,
-	{
-		let ops = self.ops.clone();
-		_ = self.micro.try_send(
-			async move {
-				if let Err(out) = f.await {
-					ops.out(id, out);
-				}
-			}
-			.boxed(),
-			priority,
-		);
+	#[inline]
+	fn queue(&self, r#in: impl Into<TaskIn>, priority: u8) {
+		_ = self.micro.try_send(r#in.into(), priority);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/task.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/task.rs
index 1fcb67e6..6ed2b181 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/task.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/task.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use yazi_shared::Id;
+use yazi_shared::{CompletionToken, Id};
 
-use crate::TaskProg;
+use crate::{TaskIn, TaskProg};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Task {
 	pub id:          Id,
 	pub name:        String,
 	pub(crate) prog: TaskProg,
+	pub(crate) hook: Option<TaskIn>,
+	pub done:        CompletionToken,
 
 	pub logs:   String,
 	pub logger: Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<String>>,
@@ -22,6 +24,9 @@ impl Task {
 			id,
 			name,
 			prog: T::default().into(),
+			hook: None,
+			done: Default::default(),
+
 			logs: Default::default(),
 			logger: Default::default(),
 		}
@@ -35,4 +40,6 @@ impl Task {
 			logger.send(line).ok();
 		}
 	}
+
+	pub(super) fn set_hook(&mut self, hook: impl Into<TaskIn>) { self.hook = Some(hook.into()); }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/Cargo.toml b/yazi-sftp/Cargo.toml
index dcd6bb41..844e5ba7 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-sftp/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-sftp"
-version     = "0.1.0"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "AspectUnk", "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ description = "Yazi SFTP client"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
 bitflags    = { workspace = true }
 parking_lot = { workspace = true }
 russh       = { workspace = true }
 serde       = { workspace = true }
 tokio       = { workspace = true }
+typed-path  = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/byte_str.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/byte_str.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index db545ac5..00000000
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/byte_str.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, ops::Deref, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
-
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-use crate::Error;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
-pub struct ByteStr<'a>(Cow<'a, [u8]>);
-
-impl Deref for ByteStr<'_> {
-	type Target = [u8];
-
-	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a str> for ByteStr<'a> {
-	fn from(value: &'a str) -> Self { ByteStr(Cow::Borrowed(value.as_bytes())) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a ByteStr<'a>> for ByteStr<'a> {
-	fn from(value: &'a ByteStr) -> Self { ByteStr(Cow::Borrowed(&value.0)) }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<&str> for ByteStr<'_> {
-	fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool { self.0 == other.as_bytes() }
-}
-
-impl<'a> ByteStr<'a> {
-	pub fn to_os_str(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> {
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		{
-			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
-			OsStr::from_bytes(&self.0).into()
-		}
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		{
-			super::wtf::bytes_to_wide(self.0.as_ref())
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn into_os_string(self) -> OsString {
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		{
-			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
-			OsString::from_vec(self.0.into_owned())
-		}
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		{
-			match super::wtf::bytes_to_wide(self.0.as_ref()) {
-				Cow::Borrowed(_) => unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(self.0.into_owned()) }.into(),
-				Cow::Owned(s) => s,
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn to_path(&self) -> Cow<'_, Path> {
-		match self.to_os_str() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(s) => Path::new(s).into(),
-			Cow::Owned(s) => PathBuf::from(s).into(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn into_path(self) -> PathBuf {
-		match self.0 {
-			Cow::Borrowed(_) => self.to_path().into_owned(),
-			Cow::Owned(_) => self.into_os_string().into(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn join(&self, other: impl Into<ByteStr<'a>>) -> PathBuf {
-		let other = other.into();
-		match self.to_path() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(p) => p.join(other.to_path()),
-			Cow::Owned(mut p) => {
-				p.push(other.to_path());
-				p
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn into_owned(self) -> ByteStr<'static> { ByteStr(Cow::Owned(self.0.into_owned())) }
-
-	pub(super) unsafe fn from_str_bytes_unchecked(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
-		Self(Cow::Borrowed(bytes))
-	}
-}
-
-// --- Traits
-pub trait ToByteStr<'a> {
-	fn to_byte_str(self) -> Result<ByteStr<'a>, Error>;
-}
-
-impl<'a, T> ToByteStr<'a> for &'a T
-where
-	T: AsRef<Path> + ?Sized,
-{
-	fn to_byte_str(self) -> Result<ByteStr<'a>, Error> {
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		{
-			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
-			Ok(ByteStr(Cow::Borrowed(self.as_ref().as_os_str().as_bytes())))
-		}
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		{
-			super::wtf::wide_to_bytes(self.as_ref().as_os_str())
-				.ok_or(Error::custom("failed to convert wide path to bytes"))
-				.map(ByteStr)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> ToByteStr<'a> for &'a ByteStr<'a> {
-	fn to_byte_str(self) -> Result<ByteStr<'a>, Error> { Ok(ByteStr(Cow::Borrowed(&self.0))) }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/error.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/error.rs
index 1fd74de9..6e84f1a0 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/error.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/error.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ impl From<Error> for std::io::Error {
 				responses::StatusCode::NoConnection => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::NotConnected),
 				responses::StatusCode::ConnectionLost => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset),
 				responses::StatusCode::OpUnsupported => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::Unsupported),
+				responses::StatusCode::InvalidHandle => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput),
+				responses::StatusCode::NoSuchPath => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound),
+				responses::StatusCode::FileAlreadyExists => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists),
+				responses::StatusCode::WriteProtect => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied),
+				responses::StatusCode::NoMedia => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::Other),
 			},
 			Error::Packet(e) => Self::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e),
 			Error::Timeout => Self::from(std::io::ErrorKind::TimedOut),
@@ -59,6 +64,10 @@ impl From<tokio::sync::oneshot::error::RecvError> for Error {
 	fn from(_: tokio::sync::oneshot::error::RecvError) -> Self { Self::custom("channel closed") }
 }
 
+impl From<tokio::time::error::Elapsed> for Error {
+	fn from(_: tokio::time::error::Elapsed) -> Self { Self::Timeout }
+}
+
 impl std::error::Error for Error {}
 
 impl std::fmt::Display for Error {
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/attrs.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/attrs.rs
index 24e6b582..d60acbb2 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/attrs.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/attrs.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt};
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, de::Visitor, ser::SerializeStruct};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Attrs {
 	pub size:     Option<u64>,
 	pub uid:      Option<u32>,
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ pub struct Attrs {
 }
 
 impl Attrs {
+	pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { *self == Self::default() }
+
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
 		let mut len = 4;
 		if let Some(size) = self.size {
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/dir_entry.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/dir_entry.rs
index 7ae8cb85..66ea6a02 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/dir_entry.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/dir_entry.rs
@@ -1,47 +1,31 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, fs::Attrs};
+use typed_path::UnixPathBuf;
+
+use crate::fs::Attrs;
 
 pub struct DirEntry {
-	pub(super) dir:       Arc<ByteStr<'static>>,
-	pub(super) name:      ByteStr<'static>,
-	pub(super) long_name: ByteStr<'static>,
+	pub(super) dir:       Arc<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>,
+	pub(super) name:      Vec<u8>,
+	pub(super) long_name: Vec<u8>,
 	pub(super) attrs:     Attrs,
 }
 
 impl DirEntry {
 	#[must_use]
-	pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.dir.join(&self.name) }
+	pub fn path(&self) -> UnixPathBuf { self.dir.join(&self.name) }
 
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn name(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> { self.name.to_os_str() }
+	pub fn name(&self) -> &[u8] { &self.name }
 
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn long_name(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> { self.long_name.to_os_str() }
+	pub fn long_name(&self) -> &[u8] { &self.long_name }
 
 	pub fn attrs(&self) -> &Attrs { &self.attrs }
 
 	pub fn nlink(&self) -> Option<u64> { str::from_utf8(self.long_name_field(1)?).ok()?.parse().ok() }
 
-	pub fn user(&self) -> Option<Cow<'_, OsStr>> {
-		let b = self.long_name_field(2)?;
-		Some(unsafe {
-			match ByteStr::from_str_bytes_unchecked(b).to_os_str() {
-				Cow::Borrowed(_) => OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(b).into(),
-				Cow::Owned(s) => s.into(),
-			}
-		})
-	}
+	pub fn user(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> { self.long_name_field(2) }
 
-	pub fn group(&self) -> Option<Cow<'_, OsStr>> {
-		let b = self.long_name_field(3)?;
-		Some(unsafe {
-			match ByteStr::from_str_bytes_unchecked(b).to_os_str() {
-				Cow::Borrowed(_) => OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(b).into(),
-				Cow::Owned(s) => s.into(),
-			}
-		})
-	}
+	pub fn group(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> { self.long_name_field(3) }
 
 	fn long_name_field(&self, n: usize) -> Option<&[u8]> {
 		self.long_name.split(|b| b.is_ascii_whitespace()).filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).nth(n)
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/file.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/file.rs
index fca67713..53b1efb4 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/file.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
-use std::{io, pin::Pin, sync::Arc, task::{Context, Poll, ready}, time::Duration};
+use std::{io::{self, SeekFrom}, pin::Pin, sync::Arc, task::{Context, Poll, ready}, time::Duration};
 
-use tokio::{io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf}, sync::oneshot, time::{Timeout, timeout}};
+use tokio::{io::{AsyncRead, AsyncSeek, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf}, time::{Timeout, timeout}};
 
-use crate::{Error, Operator, Packet, Session, fs::Attrs};
+use crate::{Error, Operator, Packet, Receiver, Session, fs::Attrs, requests};
 
 pub struct File {
 	session: Arc<Session>,
-	handle:  String,
 
-	closed:   bool,
-	cursor:   u64,
-	close_rx: Option<Timeout<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>>>,
-	read_rx:  Option<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>>,
-	write_rx: Option<(oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>, usize)>,
-	flush_rx: Option<Timeout<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>>>,
+	handle: String,
+	cursor: u64,
+	closed: bool,
+
+	close_rx: Option<Timeout<Receiver>>,
+	read_rx:  Option<Receiver>,
+	seek_rx:  Option<SeekState>,
+	write_rx: Option<(Receiver, usize)>,
+	flush_rx: Option<Timeout<Receiver>>,
+}
+
+enum SeekState {
+	NonBlocking(u64),
+	Blocking(i64, Timeout<Receiver>),
 }
 
 impl Unpin for File {}
@@ -30,12 +37,14 @@ impl File {
 	pub(crate) fn new(session: &Arc<Session>, handle: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
 		Self {
 			session: session.clone(),
-			handle:  handle.into(),
 
-			closed:   false,
-			cursor:   0,
+			handle: handle.into(),
+			closed: false,
+			cursor: 0,
+
 			close_rx: None,
 			read_rx:  None,
+			seek_rx:  None,
 			write_rx: None,
 			flush_rx: None,
 		}
@@ -81,6 +90,78 @@ impl AsyncRead for File {
 	}
 }
 
+impl AsyncSeek for File {
+	fn start_seek(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, position: io::SeekFrom) -> io::Result<()> {
+		if self.seek_rx.is_some() {
+			return Err(io::Error::other(
+				"other file operation is pending, call poll_complete before start_seek",
+			));
+		}
+
+		self.seek_rx = Some(match position {
+			SeekFrom::Start(n) => SeekState::NonBlocking(n),
+			SeekFrom::Current(n) => self
+				.cursor
+				.checked_add_signed(n)
+				.map(SeekState::NonBlocking)
+				.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("seeking to a negative or overflowed position"))?,
+			SeekFrom::End(n) => SeekState::Blocking(
+				n,
+				timeout(
+					Duration::from_secs(45),
+					self.session.send_sync(requests::Fstat::new(&self.handle))?,
+				),
+			),
+		});
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	fn poll_complete(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<u64>> {
+		let me = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
+
+		let Some(state) = &mut me.seek_rx else {
+			return Poll::Ready(Ok(me.cursor));
+		};
+
+		fn imp(cx: &mut Context<'_>, state: &mut SeekState) -> Poll<io::Result<u64>> {
+			use Poll::Ready;
+			let (n, rx) = match state {
+				SeekState::NonBlocking(n) => return Ready(Ok(*n)),
+				SeekState::Blocking(n, rx) => (n, rx),
+			};
+
+			let Ok(result) = ready!(unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(rx) }.poll(cx)) else {
+				return Ready(Err(Error::Timeout.into()));
+			};
+
+			let packet = match result {
+				Ok(Packet::Attrs(packet)) => packet,
+				Ok(_) => return Ready(Err(Error::Packet("not an Attrs").into())),
+				Err(e) => return Ready(Err(Error::from(e).into())),
+			};
+
+			let Some(size) = packet.attrs.size else {
+				return Ready(Err(io::Error::other("could not get file size for seeking from end")));
+			};
+
+			Ready(
+				size
+					.checked_add_signed(*n)
+					.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("seeking to a negative or overflowed position")),
+			)
+		}
+
+		let result = ready!(imp(cx, state));
+		if let Ok(n) = result {
+			me.cursor = n;
+		}
+
+		me.seek_rx = None;
+		Poll::Ready(result)
+	}
+}
+
 impl AsyncWrite for File {
 	fn poll_write(
 		self: Pin<&mut Self>,
@@ -117,7 +198,7 @@ impl AsyncWrite for File {
 
 		if me.flush_rx.is_none() {
 			match Operator::from(&me.session).fsync(&me.handle) {
-				Ok(rx) => me.flush_rx = Some(timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), rx)),
+				Ok(rx) => me.flush_rx = Some(timeout(Duration::from_secs(45), rx)),
 				Err(Error::Unsupported) => return Poll::Ready(Ok(())),
 				Err(e) => Err(e)?,
 			}
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs
index 8386f428..42155922 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
+use std::{mem, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, Session, fs::DirEntry, requests, responses};
+use crate::{Error, Operator, Session, SftpPath, fs::DirEntry, requests, responses};
 
 pub struct ReadDir {
 	session: Arc<Session>,
-	dir:     Arc<ByteStr<'static>>,
+	dir:     Arc<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>,
 	handle:  String,
 
 	name:   responses::Name<'static>,
@@ -12,8 +12,12 @@ pub struct ReadDir {
 	done:   bool,
 }
 
+impl Drop for ReadDir {
+	fn drop(&mut self) { Operator::from(&self.session).close(&self.handle).ok(); }
+}
+
 impl ReadDir {
-	pub(crate) fn new(session: &Arc<Session>, dir: ByteStr, handle: String) -> Self {
+	pub(crate) fn new(session: &Arc<Session>, dir: SftpPath, handle: String) -> Self {
 		Self {
 			session: session.clone(),
 			dir: Arc::new(dir.into_owned()),
@@ -33,11 +37,11 @@ impl ReadDir {
 			};
 
 			self.cursor += 1;
-			if item.name != "." && item.name != ".." {
+			if &*item.name != b"." && &*item.name != b".." {
 				return Ok(Some(DirEntry {
 					dir:       self.dir.clone(),
-					name:      item.name,
-					long_name: item.long_name,
+					name:      item.name.into_owned(),
+					long_name: item.long_name.into_owned(),
 					attrs:     item.attrs,
 				}));
 			}
@@ -49,7 +53,12 @@ impl ReadDir {
 			return Ok(());
 		}
 
-		self.name = match self.session.send(requests::ReadDir::new(&self.handle)).await {
+		let result = self
+			.session
+			.send_with_timeout(requests::ReadDir::new(&self.handle), Duration::from_mins(45))
+			.await;
+
+		self.name = match result {
 			Ok(resp) => resp,
 			Err(Error::Status(status)) if status.is_eof() => {
 				self.done = true;
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/lib.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/lib.rs
index e7e7b9d2..ea980de9 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
-#![allow(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
-
 pub mod fs;
 pub mod requests;
 pub mod responses;
 
-mod byte_str;
 mod de;
 mod error;
 mod id;
 mod macros;
 mod operator;
 mod packet;
+mod path;
+mod receiver;
 mod ser;
 mod session;
-#[cfg(windows)]
-mod wtf;
 
-pub use byte_str::*;
 pub(crate) use de::*;
 pub use error::*;
 pub(crate) use id::*;
 pub use operator::*;
 pub use packet::*;
+pub use path::*;
+pub use receiver::*;
 pub(crate) use ser::*;
 pub use session::*;
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/operator.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/operator.rs
index 1620d4f4..143e1963 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/operator.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/operator.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-use std::{ops::Deref, path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
+use std::{ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
 
 use russh::{ChannelStream, client::Msg};
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+use typed_path::UnixPathBuf;
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, Packet, Session, ToByteStr, fs::{Attrs, File, Flags, ReadDir}, requests, responses};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, Error, Receiver, Session, SftpPath, fs::{Attrs, File, Flags, ReadDir}, requests, responses};
 
 pub struct Operator(Arc<Session>);
 
 impl Deref for Operator {
-	type Target = Session;
+	type Target = Arc<Session>;
 
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 }
 }
@@ -28,40 +28,30 @@ impl Operator {
 
 	pub async fn open<'a, P>(&self, path: P, flags: Flags, attrs: &'a Attrs) -> Result<File, Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let handle: responses::Handle = self.send(requests::Open::new(path, flags, attrs)?).await?;
+		let handle: responses::Handle = self.send(requests::Open::new(path, flags, attrs)).await?;
 
 		Ok(File::new(&self.0, handle.handle))
 	}
 
-	pub fn close(&self, handle: &str) -> Result<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>, Error> {
+	pub fn close(&self, handle: &str) -> Result<Receiver, Error> {
 		self.send_sync(requests::Close::new(handle))
 	}
 
-	pub fn read(
-		&self,
-		handle: &str,
-		offset: u64,
-		len: u32,
-	) -> Result<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>, Error> {
+	pub fn read(&self, handle: &str, offset: u64, len: u32) -> Result<Receiver, Error> {
 		self.send_sync(requests::Read::new(handle, offset, len))
 	}
 
-	pub fn write(
-		&self,
-		handle: &str,
-		offset: u64,
-		data: &[u8],
-	) -> Result<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>, Error> {
+	pub fn write(&self, handle: &str, offset: u64, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Receiver, Error> {
 		self.send_sync(requests::Write::new(handle, offset, data))
 	}
 
 	pub async fn lstat<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<Attrs, Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let attrs: responses::Attrs = self.send(requests::Lstat::new(path)?).await?;
+		let attrs: responses::Attrs = self.send(requests::Lstat::new(path)).await?;
 		Ok(attrs.attrs)
 	}
 
@@ -72,9 +62,9 @@ impl Operator {
 
 	pub async fn setstat<'a, P>(&self, path: P, attrs: Attrs) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::SetStat::new(path, attrs)?).await?;
+		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::SetStat::new(path, attrs)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
@@ -85,104 +75,104 @@ impl Operator {
 
 	pub async fn read_dir<'a, P>(&'a self, dir: P) -> Result<ReadDir, Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let dir: ByteStr = dir.to_byte_str()?;
-		let handle: responses::Handle = self.send(requests::OpenDir::new(&dir)?).await?;
+		let dir: SftpPath = dir.as_sftp_path();
+		let handle: responses::Handle = self.send(requests::OpenDir::new(&dir)).await?;
 
 		Ok(ReadDir::new(&self.0, dir, handle.handle))
 	}
 
 	pub async fn remove<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Remove::new(path)?).await?;
+		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Remove::new(path)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
 	pub async fn mkdir<'a, P>(&self, path: P, attrs: Attrs) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Mkdir::new(path, attrs)?).await?;
+		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Mkdir::new(path, attrs)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
 	pub async fn rmdir<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Rmdir::new(path)?).await?;
+		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Rmdir::new(path)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
-	pub async fn realpath<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<PathBuf, Error>
+	pub async fn realpath<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<UnixPathBuf, Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let mut name: responses::Name = self.send(requests::Realpath::new(path)?).await?;
+		let mut name: responses::Name = self.send(requests::Realpath::new(path)).await?;
 		if name.items.is_empty() {
 			Err(Error::custom("realpath returned no names"))
 		} else {
-			Ok(name.items.swap_remove(0).name.into_path())
+			Ok(name.items.swap_remove(0).name.into_owned().into())
 		}
 	}
 
 	pub async fn stat<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<Attrs, Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let attrs: responses::Attrs = self.send(requests::Stat::new(path)?).await?;
+		let attrs: responses::Attrs = self.send(requests::Stat::new(path)).await?;
 		Ok(attrs.attrs)
 	}
 
 	pub async fn rename<'a, F, T>(&self, from: F, to: T) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		F: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		T: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		F: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		T: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Rename::new(from, to)?).await?;
+		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Rename::new(from, to)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
 	pub async fn rename_posix<'a, F, T>(&self, from: F, to: T) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		F: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		T: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		F: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		T: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
 		if self.extensions.lock().get("posix-rename@openssh.com").is_none_or(|s| s != "1") {
 			return Err(Error::Unsupported);
 		}
 
-		let data = requests::ExtendedRename::new(from, to)?;
+		let data = requests::ExtendedRename::new(from, to);
 		let status: responses::Status =
 			self.send(requests::Extended::new("posix-rename@openssh.com", data)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
-	pub async fn readlink<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<PathBuf, Error>
+	pub async fn readlink<'a, P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<UnixPathBuf, Error>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let mut name: responses::Name = self.send(requests::Readlink::new(path)?).await?;
+		let mut name: responses::Name = self.send(requests::Readlink::new(path)).await?;
 		if name.items.is_empty() {
 			Err(Error::custom("readlink returned no names"))
 		} else {
-			Ok(name.items.swap_remove(0).name.into_path())
+			Ok(name.items.swap_remove(0).name.into_owned().into())
 		}
 	}
 
 	pub async fn symlink<'a, L, O>(&self, original: O, link: L) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		O: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		L: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		O: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		L: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Symlink::new(original, link)?).await?;
+		let status: responses::Status = self.send(requests::Symlink::new(original, link)).await?;
 		status.into()
 	}
 
-	pub fn fsync(&self, handle: &str) -> Result<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>, Error> {
+	pub fn fsync(&self, handle: &str) -> Result<Receiver, Error> {
 		if self.extensions.lock().get("fsync@openssh.com").is_none_or(|s| s != "1") {
 			return Err(Error::Unsupported);
 		}
@@ -193,14 +183,14 @@ impl Operator {
 
 	pub async fn hardlink<'a, O, L>(&self, original: O, link: L) -> Result<(), Error>
 	where
-		O: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		L: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		O: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		L: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
 		if self.extensions.lock().get("hardlink@openssh.com").is_none_or(|s| s != "1") {
 			return Err(Error::Unsupported);
 		}
 
-		let data = requests::ExtendedHardlink::new(original, link)?;
+		let data = requests::ExtendedHardlink::new(original, link);
 		let status: responses::Status =
 			self.send(requests::Extended::new("hardlink@openssh.com", data)).await?;
 		status.into()
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/path.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/path.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39f20d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/path.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Deref};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum SftpPath<'a> {
+	Borrowed(&'a typed_path::UnixPath),
+	Owned(typed_path::UnixPathBuf),
+}
+
+impl Deref for SftpPath<'_> {
+	type Target = typed_path::UnixPath;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		match self {
+			SftpPath::Borrowed(p) => p,
+			SftpPath::Owned(p) => p.as_path(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Default for SftpPath<'_> {
+	fn default() -> Self { SftpPath::Borrowed(typed_path::UnixPath::new("")) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a Self> for SftpPath<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a SftpPath) -> Self { SftpPath::Borrowed(value) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, [u8]>> for SftpPath<'a> {
+	fn from(value: Cow<'a, [u8]>) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			Cow::Borrowed(b) => Self::Borrowed(typed_path::UnixPath::new(b)),
+			Cow::Owned(b) => SftpPath::Owned(typed_path::UnixPathBuf::from(b)),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Serialize for SftpPath<'_> {
+	fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+	where
+		S: serde::Serializer,
+	{
+		serializer.serialize_bytes(self.as_bytes())
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for SftpPath<'_> {
+	fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+	where
+		D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+	{
+		let cow = <Cow<'de, [u8]>>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+		Ok(Self::Owned(cow.into_owned().into()))
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> SftpPath<'a> {
+	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.as_bytes().len() }
+
+	pub fn into_owned(self) -> typed_path::UnixPathBuf {
+		match self {
+			SftpPath::Borrowed(p) => p.to_owned(),
+			SftpPath::Owned(p) => p,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Traits
+pub trait AsSftpPath<'a> {
+	fn as_sftp_path(self) -> SftpPath<'a>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> AsSftpPath<'a> for &'a T
+where
+	T: ?Sized + AsRef<typed_path::UnixPath>,
+{
+	fn as_sftp_path(self) -> SftpPath<'a> { SftpPath::Borrowed(self.as_ref()) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsSftpPath<'a> for &'a SftpPath<'a> {
+	fn as_sftp_path(self) -> SftpPath<'a> { SftpPath::Borrowed(self) }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/receiver.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/receiver.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0304586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/receiver.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use std::{pin::Pin, sync::Arc, task::Poll};
+
+use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+
+use crate::{Packet, Session};
+
+pub struct Receiver {
+	rx:       oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>,
+	received: bool,
+
+	session: Arc<Session>,
+	id:      u32,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Receiver {
+	fn drop(&mut self) {
+		if !self.received {
+			self.session.callback.lock().remove(&self.id);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Receiver {
+	pub(crate) fn new(
+		session: &Arc<Session>,
+		id: u32,
+		rx: oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>,
+	) -> Self {
+		Self { rx, received: false, session: session.clone(), id }
+	}
+}
+
+impl Future for Receiver {
+	type Output = Result<Packet<'static>, oneshot::error::RecvError>;
+
+	fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+		let me = self.get_mut();
+		match Pin::new(&mut me.rx).poll(cx) {
+			Poll::Ready(Ok(packet)) => {
+				me.received = true;
+				Poll::Ready(Ok(packet))
+			}
+			Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => Poll::Ready(Err(e)),
+			Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/extended.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/extended.rs
index 7b310b03..de29a665 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/extended.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/extended.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Extended<'a, D> {
@@ -30,17 +30,17 @@ pub trait ExtendedData: Debug + Serialize + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> {
 // --- POSIX Rename
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct ExtendedRename<'a> {
-	pub from: ByteStr<'a>,
-	pub to:   ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub from: SftpPath<'a>,
+	pub to:   SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> ExtendedRename<'a> {
-	pub fn new<F, T>(from: F, to: T) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<F, T>(from: F, to: T) -> Self
 	where
-		F: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		T: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		F: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		T: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { from: from.to_byte_str()?, to: to.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { from: from.as_sftp_path(), to: to.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ impl ExtendedData for ExtendedFsync<'_> {
 // --- Hardlink
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct ExtendedHardlink<'a> {
-	pub original: ByteStr<'a>,
-	pub link:     ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub original: SftpPath<'a>,
+	pub link:     SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> ExtendedHardlink<'a> {
-	pub fn new<O, L>(original: O, link: L) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<O, L>(original: O, link: L) -> Self
 	where
-		O: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		L: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		O: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		L: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { original: original.to_byte_str()?, link: link.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { original: original.as_sftp_path(), link: link.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/lstat.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/lstat.rs
index 55f87891..ae6539f7 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/lstat.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/lstat.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Lstat<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl Lstat<'_> {
-	pub fn new<'a, P>(path: P) -> Result<Lstat<'a>, Error>
+	pub fn new<'a, P>(path: P) -> Lstat<'a>
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Lstat { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Lstat { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/mkdir.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/mkdir.rs
index 4d37563e..0dd8de51 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/mkdir.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/mkdir.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr, fs::Attrs};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath, fs::Attrs};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Mkdir<'a> {
 	pub id:    u32,
-	pub path:  ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path:  SftpPath<'a>,
 	pub attrs: Attrs,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Mkdir<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P, attrs: Attrs) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P, attrs: Attrs) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()?, attrs })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path(), attrs }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() + self.attrs.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open.rs
index 22f22861..55b2eacd 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open.rs
@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr, fs::{Attrs, Flags}};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath, fs::{Attrs, Flags}};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Open<'a> {
 	pub id:    u32,
-	pub path:  ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path:  SftpPath<'a>,
 	pub flags: Flags,
 	pub attrs: Cow<'a, Attrs>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Open<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P, flags: Flags, attrs: &'a Attrs) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P, flags: Flags, attrs: &'a Attrs) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()?, flags, attrs: Cow::Borrowed(attrs) })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path(), flags, attrs: Cow::Borrowed(attrs) }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open_dir.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open_dir.rs
index 3d29b54f..71eaf8a8 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open_dir.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/open_dir.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct OpenDir<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> OpenDir<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/readlink.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/readlink.rs
index 9f9ed259..dfdc34f2 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/readlink.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/readlink.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Readlink<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Readlink<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/realpath.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/realpath.rs
index bad53344..05760f98 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/realpath.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/realpath.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Realpath<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Realpath<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/remove.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/remove.rs
index db9ea2d5..ffc7122f 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/remove.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/remove.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Remove<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Remove<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rename.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rename.rs
index 749495f0..9b734630 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rename.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rename.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Rename<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub from: ByteStr<'a>,
-	pub to:   ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub from: SftpPath<'a>,
+	pub to:   SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Rename<'a> {
-	pub fn new<F, T>(from: F, to: T) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<F, T>(from: F, to: T) -> Self
 	where
-		F: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		T: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		F: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		T: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, from: from.to_byte_str()?, to: to.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, from: from.as_sftp_path(), to: to.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.from.len() + 4 + self.to.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rmdir.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rmdir.rs
index 3d9a26c6..13fb990b 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rmdir.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/rmdir.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Rmdir<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Rmdir<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/set_stat.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/set_stat.rs
index 4e618489..9734f3fc 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/set_stat.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/set_stat.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr, fs::Attrs};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath, fs::Attrs};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct SetStat<'a> {
 	pub id:    u32,
-	pub path:  ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path:  SftpPath<'a>,
 	pub attrs: Attrs,
 }
 
 impl<'a> SetStat<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P, attrs: Attrs) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P, attrs: Attrs) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()?, attrs })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path(), attrs }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() + self.attrs.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/stat.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/stat.rs
index 58addd47..dfbcdf04 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/stat.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/stat.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Stat<'a> {
 	pub id:   u32,
-	pub path: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub path: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Stat<'a> {
-	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<P>(path: P) -> Self
 	where
-		P: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		P: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, path: path.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, path: path.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { size_of_val(&self.id) + 4 + self.path.len() }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/symlink.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/symlink.rs
index 4f88ce2a..7dffd335 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/requests/symlink.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/requests/symlink.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, Error, ToByteStr};
+use crate::{AsSftpPath, SftpPath};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Symlink<'a> {
 	pub id:       u32,
-	pub link:     ByteStr<'a>,
-	pub original: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub link:     SftpPath<'a>,
+	pub original: SftpPath<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Symlink<'a> {
-	pub fn new<L, O>(link: L, original: O) -> Result<Self, Error>
+	pub fn new<L, O>(link: L, original: O) -> Self
 	where
-		L: ToByteStr<'a>,
-		O: ToByteStr<'a>,
+		L: AsSftpPath<'a>,
+		O: AsSftpPath<'a>,
 	{
-		Ok(Self { id: 0, link: link.to_byte_str()?, original: original.to_byte_str()? })
+		Self { id: 0, link: link.as_sftp_path(), original: original.as_sftp_path() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/responses/extended.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/responses/extended.rs
index 8be4fafc..6f772b14 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/responses/extended.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/responses/extended.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl Serialize for ExtendedData<'_> {
 		S: serde::Serializer,
 	{
 		let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(None)?;
-		for b in self.0.as_ref() {
+		for b in &*self.0 {
 			seq.serialize_element(b)?;
 		}
 		seq.end()
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/responses/name.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/responses/name.rs
index 6126cd22..6982e02d 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/responses/name.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/responses/name.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{ByteStr, fs::Attrs};
+use crate::fs::Attrs;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Name<'a> {
@@ -10,8 +12,8 @@ pub struct Name<'a> {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct NameItem<'a> {
-	pub name:      ByteStr<'a>,
-	pub long_name: ByteStr<'a>,
+	pub name:      Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+	pub long_name: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
 	pub attrs:     Attrs,
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/responses/status.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/responses/status.rs
index fc864c89..37d83432 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/responses/status.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/responses/status.rs
@@ -27,17 +27,33 @@ impl Status {
 	pub fn is_ok(&self) -> bool { self.code == StatusCode::Ok }
 
 	pub fn is_eof(&self) -> bool { self.code == StatusCode::Eof }
+
+	pub fn is_failure(&self) -> bool { self.code == StatusCode::Failure }
+
+	pub(crate) fn connection_lost(id: u32) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id,
+			code: StatusCode::ConnectionLost,
+			message: "connection lost".to_owned(),
+			language: "en".to_owned(),
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub enum StatusCode {
-	Ok               = 0,
-	Eof              = 1,
-	NoSuchFile       = 2,
-	PermissionDenied = 3,
-	Failure          = 4,
-	BadMessage       = 5,
-	NoConnection     = 6,
-	ConnectionLost   = 7,
-	OpUnsupported    = 8,
+	Ok                = 0,
+	Eof               = 1,
+	NoSuchFile        = 2,
+	PermissionDenied  = 3,
+	Failure           = 4,
+	BadMessage        = 5,
+	NoConnection      = 6,
+	ConnectionLost    = 7,
+	OpUnsupported     = 8,
+	InvalidHandle     = 9,
+	NoSuchPath        = 10,
+	FileAlreadyExists = 11,
+	WriteProtect      = 12,
+	NoMedia           = 13,
 }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs
index 1f1c1c44..1ad674b5 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-use std::{any::TypeId, collections::HashMap, io::{self, ErrorKind}, sync::Arc};
+use std::{any::TypeId, collections::HashMap, io::{self, ErrorKind}, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use russh::{ChannelStream, client::Msg};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, ReadHalf, WriteHalf}, select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}};
 
-use crate::{Error, Id, Packet, responses};
+use crate::{Error, Id, Packet, Receiver, responses};
 
 pub struct Session {
 	tx:                    mpsc::UnboundedSender<Vec<u8>>,
 	id:                    Id,
-	callback:              Mutex<HashMap<u32, oneshot::Sender<Packet<'static>>>>,
+	pub(super) callback:   Mutex<HashMap<u32, oneshot::Sender<Packet<'static>>>>,
 	pub(super) extensions: Mutex<HashMap<String, String>>,
 }
 
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ impl Session {
 			}
 		}
 
+		let me_ = me.clone();
 		let (mut reader, mut writer) = tokio::io::split(stream);
 		tokio::spawn(async move {
 			while let Some(data) = rx.recv().await {
@@ -51,6 +52,9 @@ impl Session {
 				{
 					rx.close();
 					writer.shutdown().await.ok();
+					for (id, cb) in me_.callback.lock().drain() {
+						cb.send(responses::Status::connection_lost(id).into()).ok();
+					}
 					break;
 				}
 			}
@@ -84,20 +88,15 @@ impl Session {
 		me
 	}
 
-	pub async fn send<'a, I, O>(&self, input: I) -> Result<O, Error>
+	pub async fn send<'a, I, O>(self: &Arc<Self>, input: I) -> Result<O, Error>
 	where
 		I: Into<Packet<'a>> + Serialize,
 		O: TryFrom<Packet<'static>, Error = Error> + 'static,
 	{
-		match self.send_sync(input)?.await? {
-			Packet::Status(status) if TypeId::of::<O>() != TypeId::of::<responses::Status>() => {
-				Err(Error::Status(status))
-			}
-			response => response.try_into(),
-		}
+		self.send_with_timeout(input, Duration::from_secs(45)).await
 	}
 
-	pub fn send_sync<'a, I>(&self, input: I) -> Result<oneshot::Receiver<Packet<'static>>, Error>
+	pub fn send_sync<'a, I>(self: &Arc<Self>, input: I) -> Result<Receiver, Error>
 	where
 		I: Into<Packet<'a>> + Serialize,
 	{
@@ -106,12 +105,30 @@ impl Session {
 			request = request.with_id(self.id.next());
 		}
 
+		let id = request.id();
 		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-		self.callback.lock().insert(request.id(), tx);
-		self.tx.send(crate::to_bytes(request)?)?;
 
-		Ok(rx)
+		self.callback.lock().insert(id, tx);
+		self.tx.send(crate::to_bytes(request)?)?;
+		Ok(Receiver::new(self, id, rx))
 	}
 
-	pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool { self.tx.is_closed() }
+	pub async fn send_with_timeout<'a, I, O>(
+		self: &Arc<Self>,
+		input: I,
+		timeout: Duration,
+	) -> Result<O, Error>
+	where
+		I: Into<Packet<'a>> + Serialize,
+		O: TryFrom<Packet<'static>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+	{
+		match tokio::time::timeout(timeout, self.send_sync(input)?).await?? {
+			Packet::Status(status) if TypeId::of::<O>() != TypeId::of::<responses::Status>() => {
+				Err(Error::Status(status))
+			}
+			response => response.try_into(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_closed(self: &Arc<Self>) -> bool { self.tx.is_closed() }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/wtf.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/wtf.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index bc097032..00000000
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/wtf.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, os::windows::ffi::{OsStrExt, OsStringExt}};
-
-pub(super) fn bytes_to_wide(mut bytes: &[u8]) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> {
-	let mut wide: Option<Vec<u16>> = None;
-	while !bytes.is_empty() {
-		match (str::from_utf8(bytes), &mut wide) {
-			(Ok(valid), None) => {
-				return OsStr::new(valid).into();
-			}
-			(Ok(valid), Some(wide)) => {
-				for ch in valid.chars() {
-					wide.extend(ch.encode_utf16(&mut [0u16; 2]).iter());
-				}
-				break;
-			}
-			(Err(err), _) => {
-				let wide = wide.get_or_insert_with(|| Vec::with_capacity(bytes.len()));
-
-				let valid = unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&bytes[..err.valid_up_to()]) };
-				for c in valid.chars() {
-					wide.extend(c.encode_utf16(&mut [0u16; 2]).iter());
-				}
-				bytes = &bytes[valid.len()..];
-
-				let invalid = err.error_len().unwrap_or(bytes.len());
-				for &b in &bytes[..invalid] {
-					wide.push(0xdc00 + b as u16);
-				}
-				bytes = &bytes[invalid..];
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	OsString::from_wide(&wide.unwrap_or_default()).into()
-}
-
-pub(super) fn wide_to_bytes(wide: &OsStr) -> Option<Cow<'_, [u8]>> {
-	if let Some(s) = wide.to_str() {
-		return Some(s.as_bytes().into());
-	}
-
-	let mut it = wide.encode_wide();
-	let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(wide.len());
-
-	while let Some(w) = it.next() {
-		if (0xdc00..=0xdcff).contains(&w) {
-			out.push((w - 0xdc00) as u8);
-		} else if (0xd800..=0xdbff).contains(&w) {
-			let x = it.next().filter(|x| (0xdc00..=0xdfff).contains(x))?;
-			let c = char::from_u32(0x10000 + (((w as u32 - 0xd800) << 10) | (x as u32 - 0xdc00)))?;
-			out.extend_from_slice(c.encode_utf8(&mut [0u8; 4]).as_bytes());
-		} else if (0xdc00..=0xdfff).contains(&w) {
-			return None;
-		} else {
-			let c = char::from_u32(w as u32)?;
-			out.extend_from_slice(c.encode_utf8(&mut [0u8; 4]).as_bytes());
-		}
-	}
-
-	Some(out.into())
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-	use super::*;
-
-	#[test]
-	fn wtf8_roundtrip() {
-		let b = &[
-			b'\0', // NUL
-			0xff,  // 0xFF
-			b'a', b'b', b'c', // abc
-			0xf0, 0x9f, 0x98, 0x80, // 😀
-			0xc3, 0x28, // illegal UTF-8
-		];
-		assert_eq!(&*wide_to_bytes(&bytes_to_wide(b)).unwrap(), b);
-	}
-
-	#[test]
-	#[cfg(windows)]
-	fn low_surrogates_for_non_utf8() {
-		use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;
-
-		let os = bytes_to_wide(b"\xFF");
-		let wide: Vec<u16> = os.encode_wide().collect();
-		assert_eq!(wide, vec![0xdc00 + 0xff]);
-	}
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/Cargo.toml b/yazi-shared/Cargo.toml
index 9c14365e..d95650ca 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-shared/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name         = "yazi-shared"
-version      = "25.9.15"
+version      = "26.1.4"
 edition      = "2024"
 license      = "MIT"
 authors      = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ homepage     = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository   = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 rust-version = "1.91.0"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-macro = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-macro = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow           = { workspace = true }
@@ -23,7 +26,9 @@ ordered-float    = { workspace = true }
 parking_lot      = { workspace = true }
 percent-encoding = { workspace = true }
 serde            = { workspace = true }
+thiserror        = { workspace = true }
 tokio            = { workspace = true }
+typed-path       = { workspace = true }
 
 [target."cfg(unix)".dependencies]
 libc  = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/README.md b/yazi-shared/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5457e450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-shared
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/bytes.rs b/yazi-shared/src/bytes.rs
index 659c1969..0492b947 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/bytes.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/bytes.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,61 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+use crate::BytePredictor;
+
 pub trait BytesExt {
+	fn display(&self) -> impl Display;
+
 	fn kebab_cased(&self) -> bool;
-	fn split_by_seq(&self, sep: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])>;
+
+	fn rsplit_pred_once<P: BytePredictor>(&self, pred: P) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])>;
+
+	fn rsplit_seq_once(&self, sep: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])>;
+
+	fn split_seq_once(&self, sep: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])>;
 }
 
 impl BytesExt for [u8] {
+	fn display(&self) -> impl Display {
+		struct D<'a>(&'a [u8]);
+
+		impl Display for D<'_> {
+			fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+				for chunk in self.0.utf8_chunks() {
+					chunk.valid().fmt(f)?;
+					if !chunk.invalid().is_empty() {
+						char::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER.fmt(f)?;
+					}
+				}
+				Ok(())
+			}
+		}
+
+		D(self)
+	}
+
 	fn kebab_cased(&self) -> bool {
 		self.iter().all(|&b| matches!(b, b'0'..=b'9' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'-'))
 	}
 
-	fn split_by_seq(&self, sep: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
+	fn rsplit_pred_once<P: BytePredictor>(&self, pred: P) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
+		for (i, &byte) in self.iter().enumerate().rev() {
+			if pred.predicate(byte) {
+				let (a, b) = self.split_at(i);
+				return Some((a, &b[1..]));
+			}
+		}
+		None
+	}
+
+	fn split_seq_once(&self, sep: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
 		let idx = memchr::memmem::find(self, sep)?;
-		let (left, right) = self.split_at(idx);
-		Some((left, &right[sep.len()..]))
+		let (a, b) = self.split_at(idx);
+		Some((a, &b[sep.len()..]))
+	}
+
+	fn rsplit_seq_once(&self, sep: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
+		let idx = memchr::memmem::rfind(self, sep)?;
+		let (a, b) = self.split_at(idx);
+		Some((a, &b[sep.len()..]))
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/chars.rs b/yazi-shared/src/chars.rs
index f6e7a943..40bfe8f9 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/chars.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/chars.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use core::str;
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum CharKind {
@@ -94,46 +94,48 @@ pub fn replace_vec_cow<'a>(v: &'a [u8], from: &[u8], to: &[u8]) -> Cow<'a, [u8]>
 	Cow::Owned(out)
 }
 
-pub fn replace_to_printable(s: &[String], tab_size: u8) -> String {
-	let mut buf = Vec::new();
-	buf.try_reserve_exact(s.iter().map(|s| s.len()).sum::<usize>() | 15).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!());
+pub fn replace_to_printable(b: &[u8], lf: bool, tab_size: u8, replacement: bool) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
+	// Fast path to skip over printable chars at the beginning of the string
+	let printable_len = b.iter().take_while(|&&c| !c.is_ascii_control()).count();
+	if printable_len >= b.len() {
+		return Cow::Borrowed(b);
+	}
 
-	for &b in s.iter().flat_map(|s| s.as_bytes()) {
-		match b {
-			b'\n' => buf.push(b'\n'),
-			b'\t' => {
-				buf.extend((0..tab_size).map(|_| b' '));
-			}
-			b'\0'..=b'\x1F' => {
+	let (printable, rest) = b.split_at(printable_len);
+
+	let mut out = Vec::new();
+	out.reserve_exact(b.len() | 15);
+	out.extend_from_slice(printable);
+
+	for &c in rest {
+		push_printable_char(&mut out, c, lf, tab_size, replacement);
+	}
+	Cow::Owned(out)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn push_printable_char(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, c: u8, lf: bool, tab_size: u8, replacement: bool) {
+	match c {
+		b'\n' if lf => buf.push(b'\n'),
+		b'\t' => {
+			buf.extend((0..tab_size).map(|_| b' '));
+		}
+		b'\0'..=b'\x1F' => {
+			if replacement {
+				buf.extend_from_slice(&[0xef, 0xbf, 0xbd]);
+			} else {
 				buf.push(b'^');
-				buf.push(b + b'@');
+				buf.push(c + b'@');
 			}
-			0x7f => {
+		}
+		0x7f => {
+			if replacement {
+				buf.extend_from_slice(&[0xef, 0xbf, 0xbd]);
+			} else {
 				buf.push(b'^');
 				buf.push(b'?');
 			}
-			_ => buf.push(b),
 		}
-	}
-	unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(buf) }
-}
-
-pub fn osstr_contains(s: impl AsRef<OsStr>, needle: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> bool {
-	memchr::memmem::find(s.as_ref().as_encoded_bytes(), needle.as_ref().as_encoded_bytes()).is_some()
-}
-
-pub fn osstr_starts_with(
-	s: impl AsRef<OsStr>,
-	prefix: impl AsRef<OsStr>,
-	insensitive: bool,
-) -> bool {
-	let (s, prefix) = (s.as_ref().as_encoded_bytes(), prefix.as_ref().as_encoded_bytes());
-	if s.len() < prefix.len() {
-		return false;
-	}
-	if insensitive {
-		s[..prefix.len()].eq_ignore_ascii_case(prefix)
-	} else {
-		s[..prefix.len()] == *prefix
+		_ => buf.push(c),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/completion_token.rs b/yazi-shared/src/completion_token.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..029f5ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/completion_token.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use std::sync::{Arc, atomic::{AtomicU8, Ordering}};
+
+use tokio::sync::Notify;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct CompletionToken {
+	inner: Arc<(AtomicU8, Notify)>,
+}
+
+impl CompletionToken {
+	pub fn complete(&self, success: bool) {
+		let new = if success { 1 } else { 2 };
+		self.inner.0.compare_exchange(0, new, Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed).ok();
+		self.inner.1.notify_waiters();
+	}
+
+	pub fn completed(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+		let state = self.inner.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+		if state == 0 { None } else { Some(state == 1) }
+	}
+
+	pub async fn future(&self) -> bool {
+		loop {
+			if let Some(state) = self.completed() {
+				return state;
+			}
+
+			let notified = self.inner.1.notified();
+			if let Some(state) = self.completed() {
+				return state;
+			}
+
+			notified.await;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/data/data.rs b/yazi-shared/src/data/data.rs
index bc82c1e9..7fab095e 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/data/data.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/data/data.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ pub enum Data {
 	Integer(i64),
 	Number(f64),
 	String(SStr),
-	List(Vec<Data>),
-	Dict(HashMap<DataKey, Data>),
+	List(Vec<Self>),
+	Dict(HashMap<DataKey, Self>),
 	Id(Id),
 	#[serde(skip_deserializing)]
 	Url(UrlBuf),
-	#[serde(skip_deserializing)]
+	#[serde(skip)]
 	Path(PathBufDyn),
 	#[serde(skip)]
 	Bytes(Vec<u8>),
@@ -28,40 +28,6 @@ pub enum Data {
 	Any(Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>),
 }
 
-impl Data {
-	pub fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-		match self {
-			Self::String(s) => Some(s),
-			_ => None,
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn into_string(self) -> Option<SStr> {
-		match self {
-			Self::String(s) => Some(s),
-			_ => None,
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn into_any<T: 'static>(self) -> Option<T> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Any(b) => b.downcast::<T>().ok().map(|b| *b),
-			_ => None,
-		}
-	}
-
-	// FIXME: find a better name
-	pub fn into_any2<T: 'static>(self) -> Result<T> {
-		if let Self::Any(b) = self
-			&& let Ok(t) = b.downcast::<T>()
-		{
-			Ok(*t)
-		} else {
-			bail!("Failed to downcast Data into {}", std::any::type_name::<T>())
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 impl From<()> for Data {
 	fn from(_: ()) -> Self { Self::Nil }
 }
@@ -150,7 +116,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a Data> for Cow<'a, str> {
 
 	fn try_from(value: &'a Data) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
 		match value {
-			Data::String(s) => Ok(s.as_ref().into()),
+			Data::String(s) => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(s)),
 			_ => bail!("not a string"),
 		}
 	}
@@ -193,7 +159,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a Data> for UrlCow<'a> {
 
 	fn try_from(value: &'a Data) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
 		match value {
-			Data::String(s) => s.as_ref().try_into(),
+			Data::String(s) => Self::try_from(&**s),
 			Data::Url(u) => Ok(u.into()),
 			Data::Bytes(b) => b.as_slice().try_into(),
 			_ => bail!("not a URL"),
@@ -201,13 +167,291 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a Data> for UrlCow<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a Data> for &'a [u8] {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(value: &'a Data) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		match value {
+			Data::Bytes(b) => Ok(b),
+			_ => bail!("not bytes"),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 impl PartialEq<bool> for Data {
 	fn eq(&self, other: &bool) -> bool { self.try_into().is_ok_and(|b| *other == b) }
 }
 
+impl Data {
+	pub fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+		match self {
+			Self::String(s) => Some(s),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_string(self) -> Option<SStr> {
+		match self {
+			Self::String(s) => Some(s),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_any<T: 'static>(self) -> Option<T> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Any(b) => b.downcast::<T>().ok().map(|b| *b),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: find a better name
+	pub fn into_any2<T: 'static>(self) -> Result<T> {
+		if let Self::Any(b) = self
+			&& let Ok(t) = b.downcast::<T>()
+		{
+			Ok(*t)
+		} else {
+			bail!("Failed to downcast Data into {}", std::any::type_name::<T>())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'de> serde::Deserializer<'de> for &Data {
+	type Error = serde::de::value::Error;
+
+	fn deserialize_any<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("any not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_bool(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_i8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_i8(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_i16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_i16(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_i32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_i32(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_i64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_i64(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_u8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_u8(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_u16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_u16(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_u32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_u32(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_u64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_u64(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_f32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_f32(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_f64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_f64(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_char<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("not a char"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_str<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_str(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_string<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("string not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_bytes(self.try_into().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("byte buf not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		match self {
+			Data::Nil => visitor.visit_none(),
+			_ => visitor.visit_some(self),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_unit<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_unit()
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
+		self,
+		_name: &'static str,
+		visitor: V,
+	) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_unit()
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
+		self,
+		_name: &'static str,
+		visitor: V,
+	) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_seq<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("seq not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_tuple<V>(self, _len: usize, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("tuple not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
+		self,
+		_name: &'static str,
+		_len: usize,
+		_visitor: V,
+	) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("tuple struct not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_map<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("map not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_struct<V>(
+		self,
+		_name: &'static str,
+		_fields: &'static [&'static str],
+		_visitor: V,
+	) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("struct not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_enum<V>(
+		self,
+		_name: &'static str,
+		_variants: &'static [&'static str],
+		_visitor: V,
+	) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("enum not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_identifier<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("identifier not supported"))
+	}
+
+	fn deserialize_ignored_any<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+	where
+		V: serde::de::Visitor<'de>,
+	{
+		Err(serde::de::Error::custom("ignored any not supported"))
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Macros
 macro_rules! impl_into_integer {
-	($t:ty, $name:ident) => {
+	($t:ty) => {
 		impl TryFrom<&Data> for $t {
 			type Error = anyhow::Error;
 
@@ -224,14 +468,14 @@ macro_rules! impl_into_integer {
 }
 
 macro_rules! impl_into_number {
-	($t:ty, $name:ident) => {
+	($t:ty) => {
 		impl TryFrom<&Data> for $t {
 			type Error = anyhow::Error;
 
 			fn try_from(value: &Data) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
 				Ok(match value {
 					Data::Integer(i) if *i == (*i as $t as _) => *i as $t,
-					Data::Number(n) => <$t>::try_from(*n)?,
+					Data::Number(n) if *n == (*n as $t as _) => *n as $t,
 					Data::String(s) => s.parse()?,
 					Data::Id(i) if i.0 == (i.0 as $t as _) => i.0 as $t,
 					_ => bail!("not a number"),
@@ -241,10 +485,17 @@ macro_rules! impl_into_number {
 	};
 }
 
-impl_into_integer!(usize, as_usize);
-impl_into_integer!(isize, as_isize);
-impl_into_integer!(i16, as_i16);
-impl_into_integer!(i32, as_i32);
-impl_into_integer!(crate::Id, as_id);
+impl_into_integer!(i8);
+impl_into_integer!(i16);
+impl_into_integer!(i32);
+impl_into_integer!(i64);
+impl_into_integer!(isize);
+impl_into_integer!(u8);
+impl_into_integer!(u16);
+impl_into_integer!(u32);
+impl_into_integer!(u64);
+impl_into_integer!(usize);
+impl_into_integer!(crate::Id);
 
-impl_into_number!(f64, as_f64);
+impl_into_number!(f32);
+impl_into_number!(f64);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/data/key.rs b/yazi-shared/src/data/key.rs
index 005416ac..61b6c5e1 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/data/key.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/data/key.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub enum DataKey {
 	Id(Id),
 	#[serde(skip_deserializing)]
 	Url(UrlBuf),
-	#[serde(skip_deserializing)]
+	#[serde(skip)]
 	Path(PathBufDyn),
 	#[serde(skip)]
 	Bytes(Vec<u8>),
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/event/cmd.rs b/yazi-shared/src/event/cmd.rs
index 352765c1..9b7222b0 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/event/cmd.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/event/cmd.rs
@@ -152,6 +152,14 @@ impl Cmd {
 		self.take(0)
 	}
 
+	pub fn take_second<T>(&mut self) -> Result<T>
+	where
+		T: TryFrom<Data>,
+		T::Error: Into<anyhow::Error>,
+	{
+		self.take(1)
+	}
+
 	pub fn take_seq<T>(&mut self) -> Vec<T>
 	where
 		T: TryFrom<Data>,
@@ -206,23 +214,22 @@ impl Cmd {
 impl Display for Cmd {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
 		write!(f, "{}", self.name)?;
+
+		for i in 0..self.args.len() {
+			let Ok(s) = self.get::<&str>(i) else { break };
+			write!(f, " {s}")?;
+		}
+
 		for (k, v) in &self.args {
-			match k {
-				DataKey::Integer(_) => {
-					if let Some(s) = v.as_str() {
-						write!(f, " {s}")?;
-					}
+			if let DataKey::String(k) = k {
+				if v.try_into().is_ok_and(|b| b) {
+					write!(f, " --{k}")?;
+				} else if let Some(s) = v.as_str() {
+					write!(f, " --{k}={s}")?;
 				}
-				DataKey::String(k) => {
-					if v.try_into().is_ok_and(|b| b) {
-						write!(f, " --{k}")?;
-					} else if let Some(s) = v.as_str() {
-						write!(f, " --{k}={s}")?;
-					}
-				}
-				_ => {}
 			}
 		}
+
 		Ok(())
 	}
 }
@@ -231,7 +238,7 @@ impl FromStr for Cmd {
 	type Err = anyhow::Error;
 
 	fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-		let (mut words, last) = crate::shell::split_unix(s, true)?;
+		let (mut words, last) = crate::shell::unix::split(s, true)?;
 		if words.is_empty() || words[0].is_empty() {
 			bail!("command name cannot be empty");
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/event/cow.rs b/yazi-shared/src/event/cow.rs
index 309b5782..5e510489 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/event/cow.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/event/cow.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,18 @@ impl CmdCow {
 		}
 	}
 
+	pub fn take_second<'a, T>(&mut self) -> Result<T>
+	where
+		T: TryFrom<Data> + TryFrom<&'a Data>,
+		<T as TryFrom<Data>>::Error: Into<anyhow::Error>,
+		<T as TryFrom<&'a Data>>::Error: Into<anyhow::Error>,
+	{
+		match self {
+			Self::Owned(c) => c.take_second(),
+			Self::Borrowed(c) => c.second(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	pub fn take_seq<'a, T>(&mut self) -> Vec<T>
 	where
 		T: TryFrom<Data> + TryFrom<&'a Data>,
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/event/event.rs b/yazi-shared/src/event/event.rs
index 4ca69480..5a6c3606 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/event/event.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/event/event.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-use std::ffi::OsString;
-
 use crossterm::event::{KeyEvent, MouseEvent};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 use super::CmdCow;
-use crate::RoCell;
+use crate::{RoCell, strand::StrandBuf};
 
 static TX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedSender<Event>> = RoCell::new();
 static RX: RoCell<mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Event>> = RoCell::new();
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ pub enum Event {
 pub struct EventQuit {
 	pub code:        i32,
 	pub no_cwd_file: bool,
-	pub selected:    Option<OsString>,
+	pub selected:    Option<StrandBuf>,
 }
 
 impl Event {
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/lib.rs b/yazi-shared/src/lib.rs
index 08f23f36..c51318fb 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-#![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn)]
+yazi_macro::mod_pub!(data errors event loc path pool scheme shell strand translit url wtf8);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_pub!(data errors event loc path pool scheme shell translit url);
-
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(alias bytes chars condition debounce either env id layer natsort os osstr rand ro_cell source string sync_cell terminal tests throttle time utf8);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(alias bytes chars completion_token condition debounce either env id layer localset natsort os predictor ro_cell source sync_cell terminal tests throttle time utf8);
 
 pub fn init() {
-	pool::init();
+	LOCAL_SET.with(tokio::task::LocalSet::new);
 
 	LOG_LEVEL.replace(<_>::from(std::env::var("YAZI_LOG").unwrap_or_default()));
 
 	#[cfg(unix)]
 	USERS_CACHE.with(<_>::default);
 
+	pool::init();
 	event::Event::init();
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/loc/able.rs b/yazi-shared/src/loc/able.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a87e17a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/loc/able.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+use std::{ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, fmt::Debug, hash::Hash};
+
+use crate::{path::{AsPath, AsPathView}, strand::AsStrandView};
+
+// --- LocAble
+pub trait LocAble<'p>
+where
+	Self: Copy + AsStrandView<'p, Self::Strand<'p>>,
+{
+	type Strand<'a>: StrandAble<'a> + StrandAbleImpl<'a>;
+	type Owned: LocBufAble + LocBufAbleImpl + Into<Self::Owned>;
+	type Components<'a>: Clone + DoubleEndedIterator + AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>;
+}
+
+impl<'p> LocAble<'p> for &'p std::path::Path {
+	type Components<'a> = std::path::Components<'a>;
+	type Owned = std::path::PathBuf;
+	type Strand<'a> = &'a OsStr;
+}
+
+impl<'p> LocAble<'p> for &'p typed_path::UnixPath {
+	type Components<'a> = typed_path::UnixComponents<'a>;
+	type Owned = typed_path::UnixPathBuf;
+	type Strand<'a> = &'a [u8];
+}
+
+// --- LocBufAble
+pub trait LocBufAble
+where
+	Self: 'static + AsPath + Default,
+{
+	type Strand<'a>: StrandAble<'a>;
+	type Borrowed<'a>: LocAble<'a>
+		+ LocAbleImpl<'a>
+		+ AsPathView<'a, Self::Borrowed<'a>>
+		+ Debug
+		+ Hash;
+}
+
+impl LocBufAble for std::path::PathBuf {
+	type Borrowed<'a> = &'a std::path::Path;
+	type Strand<'a> = &'a OsStr;
+}
+
+impl LocBufAble for typed_path::UnixPathBuf {
+	type Borrowed<'a> = &'a typed_path::UnixPath;
+	type Strand<'a> = &'a [u8];
+}
+
+// --- StrandAble
+pub trait StrandAble<'a>: Copy {}
+
+impl<'a> StrandAble<'a> for &'a OsStr {}
+
+impl<'a> StrandAble<'a> for &'a [u8] {}
+
+// --- LocAbleImpl
+pub(super) trait LocAbleImpl<'p>: LocAble<'p> {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8];
+
+	fn components(self) -> Self::Components<'p>;
+
+	fn empty() -> Self;
+
+	fn file_name(self) -> Option<Self::Strand<'p>>;
+
+	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self;
+
+	fn join<'a, T>(self, path: T) -> Self::Owned
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>;
+
+	fn len(self) -> usize { self.as_encoded_bytes().len() }
+
+	fn parent(self) -> Option<Self>;
+
+	fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<Self>
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>;
+
+	fn to_path_buf(self) -> Self::Owned;
+}
+
+impl<'p> LocAbleImpl<'p> for &'p std::path::Path {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8] { self.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes() }
+
+	fn components(self) -> Self::Components<'p> { self.components() }
+
+	fn empty() -> Self { std::path::Path::new("") }
+
+	fn file_name(self) -> Option<Self::Strand<'p>> { self.file_name() }
+
+	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self {
+		std::path::Path::new(unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) })
+	}
+
+	fn join<'a, T>(self, path: T) -> Self::Owned
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		self.join(path.as_strand_view())
+	}
+
+	fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> { self.parent() }
+
+	fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<Self>
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		use std::path::is_separator;
+
+		let p = self.strip_prefix(base.as_strand_view()).ok()?;
+		let mut b = p.as_encoded_bytes();
+
+		if b.last().is_none_or(|&c| !is_separator(c as char)) || p.parent().is_none() {
+			return Some(p);
+		}
+
+		while let [head @ .., last] = b
+			&& is_separator(*last as char)
+		{
+			b = head;
+		}
+
+		Some(unsafe { Self::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(b) })
+	}
+
+	fn to_path_buf(self) -> Self::Owned { self.to_path_buf() }
+}
+
+impl<'p> LocAbleImpl<'p> for &'p typed_path::UnixPath {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8] { self.as_bytes() }
+
+	fn components(self) -> Self::Components<'p> { self.components() }
+
+	fn empty() -> Self { typed_path::UnixPath::new("") }
+
+	fn file_name(self) -> Option<Self::Strand<'p>> { self.file_name() }
+
+	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self {
+		typed_path::UnixPath::new(bytes)
+	}
+
+	fn join<'a, T>(self, path: T) -> Self::Owned
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		self.join(path.as_strand_view())
+	}
+
+	fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> { self.parent() }
+
+	fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<Self>
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		let p = self.strip_prefix(base.as_strand_view()).ok()?;
+		let mut b = p.as_bytes();
+
+		if b.last().is_none_or(|&c| c != b'/') || p.parent().is_none() {
+			return Some(p);
+		}
+
+		while let [head @ .., b'/'] = b {
+			b = head;
+		}
+
+		Some(typed_path::UnixPath::new(b))
+	}
+
+	fn to_path_buf(self) -> Self::Owned { self.to_path_buf() }
+}
+
+// --- LocBufAbleImpl
+pub(super) trait LocBufAbleImpl: LocBufAble {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] { self.borrow().as_encoded_bytes() }
+
+	fn borrow(&self) -> Self::Borrowed<'_>;
+
+	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self;
+
+	fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8>;
+
+	fn len(&self) -> usize { self.borrow().len() }
+
+	fn set_file_name<'a, T>(&mut self, name: T)
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>;
+}
+
+impl LocBufAbleImpl for std::path::PathBuf {
+	fn borrow(&self) -> Self::Borrowed<'_> { self.as_path() }
+
+	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+		Self::from(unsafe { OsString::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) })
+	}
+
+	fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.into_os_string().into_encoded_bytes() }
+
+	fn set_file_name<'a, T>(&mut self, name: T)
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		self.set_file_name(name.as_strand_view())
+	}
+}
+
+impl LocBufAbleImpl for typed_path::UnixPathBuf {
+	fn borrow(&self) -> Self::Borrowed<'_> { self.as_path() }
+
+	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self { bytes.into() }
+
+	fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.into_vec() }
+
+	fn set_file_name<'a, T>(&mut self, name: T)
+	where
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, Self::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		self.set_file_name(name.as_strand_view())
+	}
+}
+
+// --- StrandAbleImpl
+pub(super) trait StrandAbleImpl<'a>: StrandAble<'a> {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8];
+
+	fn len(self) -> usize { self.as_encoded_bytes().len() }
+}
+
+impl<'a> StrandAbleImpl<'a> for &'a OsStr {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8] { self.as_encoded_bytes() }
+}
+
+impl<'a> StrandAbleImpl<'a> for &'a [u8] {
+	fn as_encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8] { self }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/loc/buf.rs b/yazi-shared/src/loc/buf.rs
index 5e669c6c..59db3862 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/loc/buf.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/loc/buf.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::{cmp, ffi::OsStr, fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter}, hash::{Hash, Hasher}, marker::PhantomData, ops::Deref, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{cmp, ffi::OsStr, fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter}, hash::{Hash, Hasher}, marker::PhantomData, mem, ops::Deref};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 
-use crate::{loc::Loc, path::{AsInnerView, AsPathDyn, AsPathView, PathBufLike, PathDyn, PathLike}};
+use crate::{loc::{Loc, LocAble, LocAbleImpl, LocBufAble, LocBufAbleImpl}, path::{AsPath, AsPathView, PathDyn, SetNameError}, scheme::SchemeKind, strand::AsStrandView};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Default, Eq)]
-pub struct LocBuf<P: PathBufLike = PathBuf> {
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LocBuf<P = std::path::PathBuf> {
 	pub(super) inner: P,
 	pub(super) uri:   usize,
 	pub(super) urn:   usize,
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct LocBuf<P: PathBufLike = PathBuf> {
 
 impl<P> Deref for LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike,
+	P: LocBufAble,
 {
 	type Target = P;
 
@@ -21,41 +21,34 @@ where
 }
 
 // FIXME: remove
-impl AsRef<std::path::Path> for LocBuf<PathBuf> {
+impl AsRef<std::path::Path> for LocBuf<std::path::PathBuf> {
 	fn as_ref(&self) -> &std::path::Path { self.inner.as_ref() }
 }
 
-impl<T> AsPathDyn for LocBuf<T>
+impl<T> AsPath for LocBuf<T>
 where
-	T: PathBufLike + AsPathDyn,
+	T: LocBufAble + AsPath,
 {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.inner.as_path_dyn() }
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.inner.as_path() }
 }
 
-impl<T> AsPathDyn for &LocBuf<T>
+impl<T> AsPath for &LocBuf<T>
 where
-	T: PathBufLike + AsPathDyn,
+	T: LocBufAble + AsPath,
 {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.inner.as_path_dyn() }
-}
-
-impl<P> PartialEq for LocBuf<P>
-where
-	P: PathBufLike + PartialEq,
-{
-	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.inner == other.inner }
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.inner.as_path() }
 }
 
 impl<P> Ord for LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike + Ord,
+	P: LocBufAble + Ord,
 {
 	fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering { self.inner.cmp(&other.inner) }
 }
 
 impl<P> PartialOrd for LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike + PartialOrd,
+	P: LocBufAble + PartialOrd,
 {
 	fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<cmp::Ordering> {
 		self.inner.partial_cmp(&other.inner)
@@ -65,7 +58,7 @@ where
 // --- Hash
 impl<P> Hash for LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike,
+	P: LocBufAble + LocBufAbleImpl,
 	for<'a> &'a P: AsPathView<'a, P::Borrowed<'a>>,
 {
 	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.as_loc().hash(state) }
@@ -73,7 +66,7 @@ where
 
 impl<P> Debug for LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike + Debug,
+	P: LocBufAble + LocBufAbleImpl + Debug,
 	for<'a> &'a P: AsPathView<'a, P::Borrowed<'a>>,
 {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -87,7 +80,7 @@ where
 
 impl<P> From<P> for LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike,
+	P: LocBufAble + LocBufAbleImpl,
 	for<'a> &'a P: AsPathView<'a, P::Borrowed<'a>>,
 {
 	fn from(path: P) -> Self {
@@ -96,38 +89,38 @@ where
 
 		let mut bytes = path.into_encoded_bytes();
 		bytes.truncate(len);
-		Self { inner: unsafe { P::from_encoded_bytes(bytes) }, uri, urn }
+		Self { inner: unsafe { P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) }, uri, urn }
 	}
 }
 
-impl<T: ?Sized + AsRef<OsStr>> From<&T> for LocBuf<PathBuf> {
-	fn from(value: &T) -> Self { Self::from(PathBuf::from(value)) }
+impl<T: ?Sized + AsRef<OsStr>> From<&T> for LocBuf<std::path::PathBuf> {
+	fn from(value: &T) -> Self { Self::from(std::path::PathBuf::from(value)) }
 }
 
 impl<P> LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike,
+	P: LocBufAble + LocBufAbleImpl,
 	for<'a> &'a P: AsPathView<'a, P::Borrowed<'a>>,
 {
-	pub fn new<'a, T>(path: P, base: T, trail: T) -> Self
+	pub fn new<'a, S>(path: P, base: S, trail: S) -> Self
 	where
-		T: for<'b> AsPathView<'a, <P::Borrowed<'b> as PathLike<'b>>::View<'a>>,
+		S: for<'b> AsStrandView<'a, <P::Borrowed<'b> as LocAble<'b>>::Strand<'a>>,
 	{
 		let loc = Self::from(path);
 		let Loc { inner, uri, urn, _phantom } = Loc::new(&loc.inner, base, trail);
 
-		debug_assert!(inner.encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.encoded_bytes());
+		debug_assert!(inner.as_encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.as_encoded_bytes());
 		Self { inner: loc.inner, uri, urn }
 	}
 
 	pub fn with(path: P, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Result<Self>
 	where
-		for<'a> P::Borrowed<'a>: PathLike<'a>,
+		for<'a> P::Borrowed<'a>: LocAble<'a>,
 	{
 		let loc = Self::from(path);
 		let Loc { inner, uri, urn, _phantom } = Loc::with(&loc.inner, uri, urn)?;
 
-		debug_assert!(inner.encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.encoded_bytes());
+		debug_assert!(inner.as_encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.as_encoded_bytes());
 		Ok(Self { inner: loc.inner, uri, urn })
 	}
 
@@ -138,18 +131,26 @@ where
 		let loc = Self::from(path.into());
 		let Loc { inner, uri, urn, _phantom } = Loc::zeroed(&loc.inner);
 
-		debug_assert!(inner.encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.encoded_bytes());
+		debug_assert!(inner.as_encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.as_encoded_bytes());
 		Self { inner: loc.inner, uri, urn }
 	}
 
-	pub fn floated<'a, T>(path: P, base: T) -> Self
+	pub fn floated<'a, S>(path: P, base: S) -> Self
 	where
-		T: for<'b> AsPathView<'a, <P::Borrowed<'b> as PathLike<'b>>::View<'a>>,
+		S: for<'b> AsStrandView<'a, <P::Borrowed<'b> as LocAble<'b>>::Strand<'a>>,
 	{
 		let loc = Self::from(path);
 		let Loc { inner, uri, urn, _phantom } = Loc::floated(&loc.inner, base);
 
-		debug_assert!(inner.encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.encoded_bytes());
+		debug_assert!(inner.as_encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.as_encoded_bytes());
+		Self { inner: loc.inner, uri, urn }
+	}
+
+	pub fn saturated(path: P, kind: SchemeKind) -> Self {
+		let loc = Self::from(path);
+		let Loc { inner, uri, urn, _phantom } = Loc::saturated(&loc.inner, kind);
+
+		debug_assert!(inner.as_encoded_bytes() == loc.inner.as_encoded_bytes());
 		Self { inner: loc.inner, uri, urn }
 	}
 
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ where
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn to_path(&self) -> P
+	pub fn to_inner(&self) -> P
 	where
 		P: Clone,
 	{
@@ -172,18 +173,18 @@ where
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn into_path(self) -> P { self.inner }
+	pub fn into_inner(self) -> P { self.inner }
 
-	pub fn set_name<T>(&mut self, name: T)
+	pub fn try_set_name<'a, T>(&mut self, name: T) -> Result<(), SetNameError>
 	where
-		T: for<'a> AsInnerView<'a, P::InnerRef<'a>>,
+		T: AsStrandView<'a, P::Strand<'a>>,
 	{
 		let old = self.inner.len();
 		self.mutate(|path| path.set_file_name(name));
 
-		let new = self.len();
+		let new = self.inner.len();
 		if new == old {
-			return;
+			return Ok(());
 		}
 
 		if self.uri != 0 {
@@ -200,13 +201,14 @@ where
 				self.urn -= old - new;
 			}
 		}
+		Ok(())
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn rebase<'a, 'b>(&'a self, base: P::Borrowed<'b>) -> Self
 	where
 		'a: 'b,
-		for<'c> <P::Borrowed<'c> as PathLike<'c>>::Owned: Into<Self>,
+		for<'c> <P::Borrowed<'c> as LocAble<'c>>::Owned: Into<Self>,
 	{
 		let mut loc: Self = base.join(self.uri()).into();
 		(loc.uri, loc.urn) = (self.uri, self.urn);
@@ -214,17 +216,21 @@ where
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	fn mutate<F: FnOnce(&mut P)>(&mut self, f: F) {
-		let mut inner = self.inner.take();
-		f(&mut inner);
+	pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<P::Borrowed<'_>> { self.as_loc().parent() }
+
+	#[inline]
+	fn mutate<T, F: FnOnce(&mut P) -> T>(&mut self, f: F) -> T {
+		let mut inner = mem::take(&mut self.inner);
+		let result = f(&mut inner);
 		self.inner = Self::from(inner).inner;
+		result
 	}
 }
 
 // FIXME: macro
 impl<P> LocBuf<P>
 where
-	P: PathBufLike,
+	P: LocBufAble + LocBufAbleImpl,
 	for<'a> &'a P: AsPathView<'a, P::Borrowed<'a>>,
 {
 	#[inline]
@@ -244,24 +250,15 @@ where
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn has_trail(&self) -> bool { self.as_loc().has_trail() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn name(&self) -> Option<<P::Borrowed<'_> as PathLike<'_>>::Inner> { self.as_loc().name() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn stem(&self) -> Option<<P::Borrowed<'_> as PathLike<'_>>::Inner> { self.as_loc().stem() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn ext(&self) -> Option<<P::Borrowed<'_> as PathLike<'_>>::Inner> { self.as_loc().ext() }
 }
 
-impl LocBuf<PathBuf> {
-	pub const fn empty() -> Self { Self { inner: PathBuf::new(), uri: 0, urn: 0 } }
+impl LocBuf<std::path::PathBuf> {
+	pub const fn empty() -> Self { Self { inner: std::path::PathBuf::new(), uri: 0, urn: 0 } }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-	use std::path::Path;
+	use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 	use super::*;
 	use crate::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
@@ -269,23 +266,23 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn test_new() {
 		let loc: LocBuf = Path::new("/").into();
-		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new(""));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new(""));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name(), None);
-		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new(""));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name(), None);
+		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
 
 		let loc: LocBuf = Path::new("/root").into();
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("root"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("root"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("root"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("root"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
 
 		let loc: LocBuf = Path::new("/root/code/foo/").into();
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("foo"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("foo"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("foo"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("foo"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/code/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/code/"));
 	}
@@ -295,42 +292,42 @@ mod tests {
 		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with("/".into(), 0, 0)?;
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new(""));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new(""));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name(), None);
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name(), None);
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/"));
 
 		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with("/root/code/".into(), 1, 1)?;
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("code"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("code"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("code"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("code"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/"));
 
 		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with("/root/code/foo//".into(), 2, 1)?;
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("code/foo"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("foo"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("foo"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("foo"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/code/"));
 
 		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with("/root/code/foo//".into(), 2, 2)?;
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("code/foo"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("code/foo"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("foo"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("foo"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/"));
 
 		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with("/root/code/foo//bar/".into(), 2, 2)?;
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("foo//bar"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("foo//bar"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("bar"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("bar"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/code/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/code/"));
 
 		let loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with("/root/code/foo//bar/".into(), 3, 2)?;
 		assert_eq!(loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("code/foo//bar"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.urn().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("foo//bar"));
-		assert_eq!(loc.name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("bar"));
+		assert_eq!(loc.file_name().unwrap(), OsStr::new("bar"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.base().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/"));
 		assert_eq!(loc.trail().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("/root/code/"));
 		Ok(())
@@ -360,7 +357,7 @@ mod tests {
 		for (input, name, expected) in cases {
 			let mut a: UrlBuf = input.parse()?;
 			let b: UrlBuf = expected.parse()?;
-			a.set_name(name);
+			a.try_set_name(name).unwrap();
 			assert_eq!(
 				(a.name(), format!("{a:?}").replace(r"\", "/")),
 				(b.name(), expected.replace(r"\", "/"))
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/loc/loc.rs b/yazi-shared/src/loc/loc.rs
index 9d3697a7..a1824ee8 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/loc/loc.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/loc/loc.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-use std::{hash::{Hash, Hasher}, marker::PhantomData, ops::Deref, path::Path};
+use std::{hash::{Hash, Hasher}, marker::PhantomData, ops::Deref};
 
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 
-use crate::{loc::LocBuf, path::{AsPathView, PathBufLike, PathInner, PathLike}};
+use super::LocAbleImpl;
+use crate::{loc::{LocAble, LocBuf, LocBufAble, StrandAbleImpl}, path::{AsPath, AsPathView, PathDyn}, scheme::SchemeKind, strand::AsStrandView};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct Loc<'p, P = &'p Path> {
+pub struct Loc<'p, P = &'p std::path::Path> {
 	pub(super) inner:    P,
 	pub(super) uri:      usize,
 	pub(super) urn:      usize,
@@ -14,20 +15,27 @@ pub struct Loc<'p, P = &'p Path> {
 
 impl<'p, P> Default for Loc<'p, P>
 where
-	P: PathLike<'p>,
+	P: LocAble<'p> + LocAbleImpl<'p>,
 {
-	fn default() -> Self { Self { inner: P::default(), uri: 0, urn: 0, _phantom: PhantomData } }
+	fn default() -> Self { Self { inner: P::empty(), uri: 0, urn: 0, _phantom: PhantomData } }
 }
 
 impl<'p, P> Deref for Loc<'p, P>
 where
-	P: PathLike<'p>,
+	P: LocAble<'p>,
 {
 	type Target = P;
 
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.inner }
 }
 
+impl<'p, P> AsPath for Loc<'p, P>
+where
+	P: LocAble<'p> + AsPath,
+{
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.inner.as_path() }
+}
+
 // FIXME: remove
 impl AsRef<std::path::Path> for Loc<'_, &std::path::Path> {
 	fn as_ref(&self) -> &std::path::Path { self.inner }
@@ -36,39 +44,97 @@ impl AsRef<std::path::Path> for Loc<'_, &std::path::Path> {
 // --- Hash
 impl<'p, P> Hash for Loc<'p, P>
 where
-	P: PathLike<'p> + Hash,
+	P: LocAble<'p> + Hash,
 {
 	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.inner.hash(state) }
 }
 
-impl<'p, P> From<Loc<'p, P>> for LocBuf<<P as PathLike<'p>>::Owned>
+impl<'p, P> From<Loc<'p, P>> for LocBuf<<P as LocAble<'p>>::Owned>
 where
-	P: PathLike<'p>,
-	<P as PathLike<'p>>::Owned: PathBufLike,
+	P: LocAble<'p> + LocAbleImpl<'p>,
+	<P as LocAble<'p>>::Owned: LocBufAble,
 {
 	fn from(value: Loc<'p, P>) -> Self {
-		Self { inner: value.inner.owned(), uri: value.uri, urn: value.urn }
+		Self { inner: value.inner.to_path_buf(), uri: value.uri, urn: value.urn }
 	}
 }
 
 // --- Eq
 impl<'p, P> PartialEq for Loc<'p, P>
 where
-	P: PathLike<'p> + PartialEq,
+	P: LocAble<'p> + PartialEq,
 {
 	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.inner == other.inner }
 }
 
-impl<'p, P> Eq for Loc<'p, P> where P: PathLike<'p> + Eq {}
+impl<'p, P> Eq for Loc<'p, P> where P: LocAble<'p> + Eq {}
 
 impl<'p, P> Loc<'p, P>
 where
-	P: PathLike<'p>,
+	P: LocAble<'p> + LocAbleImpl<'p>,
 {
-	pub fn new<'a, T, U>(path: T, base: U, trail: U) -> Self
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn as_inner(self) -> P { self.inner }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn as_loc(self) -> Self { self }
+
+	pub fn bare<T>(path: T) -> Self
 	where
 		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
-		U: AsPathView<'a, P::View<'a>>,
+	{
+		let path = path.as_path_view();
+		let Some(name) = path.file_name() else {
+			let p = path.strip_prefix(P::empty()).unwrap();
+			return Self { inner: p, uri: 0, urn: 0, _phantom: PhantomData };
+		};
+
+		let name_len = name.len();
+		let prefix_len = unsafe {
+			name.as_encoded_bytes().as_ptr().offset_from_unsigned(path.as_encoded_bytes().as_ptr())
+		};
+
+		let bytes = &path.as_encoded_bytes()[..prefix_len + name_len];
+		Self {
+			inner:    unsafe { P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) },
+			uri:      name_len,
+			urn:      name_len,
+			_phantom: PhantomData,
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn base(self) -> P {
+		unsafe {
+			P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(
+				self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(..self.inner.len() - self.uri),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn floated<'a, T, S>(path: T, base: S) -> Self
+	where
+		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
+		S: AsStrandView<'a, P::Strand<'a>>,
+	{
+		let mut loc = Self::bare(path);
+		loc.uri = loc.inner.strip_prefix(base).expect("Loc must start with the given base").len();
+		loc
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn has_base(self) -> bool { self.inner.len() != self.uri }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn has_trail(self) -> bool { self.inner.len() != self.urn }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool { self.inner.len() == 0 }
+
+	pub fn new<'a, T, S>(path: T, base: S, trail: S) -> Self
+	where
+		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
+		S: AsStrandView<'a, P::Strand<'a>>,
 	{
 		let mut loc = Self::bare(path);
 		loc.uri = loc.inner.strip_prefix(base).expect("Loc must start with the given base").len();
@@ -76,6 +142,67 @@ where
 		loc
 	}
 
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn parent(self) -> Option<P> {
+		self.inner.parent().filter(|p| !p.as_encoded_bytes().is_empty())
+	}
+
+	pub fn saturated<'a, T>(path: T, kind: SchemeKind) -> Self
+	where
+		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
+	{
+		match kind {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::bare(path),
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::zeroed(path),
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::zeroed(path),
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::bare(path),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn trail(self) -> P {
+		unsafe {
+			P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(
+				self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(..self.inner.len() - self.urn),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn triple(self) -> (P, P, P) {
+		let len = self.inner.len();
+
+		let base = ..len - self.uri;
+		let rest = len - self.uri..len - self.urn;
+		let urn = len - self.urn..;
+
+		unsafe {
+			(
+				P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(base)),
+				P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(rest)),
+				P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(urn)),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn uri(self) -> P {
+		unsafe {
+			P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(
+				self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(self.inner.len() - self.uri..),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn urn(self) -> P {
+		unsafe {
+			P::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(
+				self.inner.as_encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(self.inner.len() - self.urn..),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
 	pub fn with<T>(path: T, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Result<Self>
 	where
 		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
@@ -108,29 +235,6 @@ where
 		Ok(loc)
 	}
 
-	pub fn bare<T>(path: T) -> Self
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_path_view();
-		let Some(name) = path.file_name() else {
-			let uri = path.len();
-			return Self { inner: path, uri, urn: 0, _phantom: PhantomData };
-		};
-
-		let name_len = name.len();
-		let prefix_len =
-			unsafe { name.encoded_bytes().as_ptr().offset_from_unsigned(path.encoded_bytes().as_ptr()) };
-
-		let bytes = path.encoded_bytes();
-		Self {
-			inner:    unsafe { P::from_encoded_bytes(&bytes[..prefix_len + name_len]) },
-			uri:      name_len,
-			urn:      name_len,
-			_phantom: PhantomData,
-		}
-	}
-
 	pub fn zeroed<T>(path: T) -> Self
 	where
 		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
@@ -139,91 +243,39 @@ where
 		(loc.uri, loc.urn) = (0, 0);
 		loc
 	}
+}
 
-	pub fn floated<'a, T, U>(path: T, base: U) -> Self
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'p, P>,
-		U: AsPathView<'a, P::View<'a>>,
-	{
-		let mut loc = Self::bare(path);
-		loc.uri = loc.inner.strip_prefix(base).expect("Loc must start with the given base").len();
-		loc
-	}
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn as_loc(self) -> Self { self }
+	#[test]
+	fn test_with() -> Result<()> {
+		let cases = [
+			// Relative paths
+			("tmp/test.zip/foo/bar", 3, 2, "test.zip/foo/bar", "foo/bar"),
+			("tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/", 3, 2, "test.zip/foo/bar", "foo/bar"),
+			// Absolute paths
+			("/tmp/test.zip/foo/bar", 3, 2, "test.zip/foo/bar", "foo/bar"),
+			("/tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/", 3, 2, "test.zip/foo/bar", "foo/bar"),
+			// Relative path with parent components
+			("tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../..", 5, 4, "test.zip/foo/bar/../..", "foo/bar/../.."),
+			("tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../", 5, 4, "test.zip/foo/bar/../..", "foo/bar/../.."),
+			// Absolute path with parent components
+			("/tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../..", 5, 4, "test.zip/foo/bar/../..", "foo/bar/../.."),
+			("/tmp/test.zip/foo/bar/../../", 5, 4, "test.zip/foo/bar/../..", "foo/bar/../.."),
+		];
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn as_path(self) -> P { self.inner }
+		for (path, uri, urn, expect_uri, expect_urn) in cases {
+			let loc = Loc::with(std::path::Path::new(path), uri, urn)?;
+			assert_eq!(loc.uri().to_str().unwrap(), expect_uri);
+			assert_eq!(loc.urn().to_str().unwrap(), expect_urn);
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn uri(self) -> P {
-		unsafe {
-			P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(self.inner.len() - self.uri..))
+			let loc = Loc::with(typed_path::UnixPath::new(path), uri, urn)?;
+			assert_eq!(loc.uri().to_str().unwrap(), expect_uri);
+			assert_eq!(loc.urn().to_str().unwrap(), expect_urn);
 		}
-	}
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn urn(self) -> P {
-		unsafe {
-			P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(self.inner.len() - self.urn..))
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn base(self) -> P {
-		unsafe {
-			P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(..self.inner.len() - self.uri))
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn has_base(self) -> bool { self.inner.len() != self.uri }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn trail(self) -> P {
-		unsafe {
-			P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(..self.inner.len() - self.urn))
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn has_trail(self) -> bool { self.inner.len() != self.urn }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn name(self) -> Option<P::Inner> { self.inner.file_name() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn stem(self) -> Option<P::Inner> { self.inner.file_stem() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn ext(self) -> Option<P::Inner> { self.inner.extension() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn parent(self) -> Option<P> { self.inner.parent() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn triple(self) -> (P, P, P) {
-		let len = self.inner.len();
-
-		let base = ..len - self.uri;
-		let rest = len - self.uri..len - self.urn;
-		let urn = len - self.urn..;
-
-		unsafe {
-			(
-				P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(base)),
-				P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(rest)),
-				P::from_encoded_bytes(self.inner.encoded_bytes().get_unchecked(urn)),
-			)
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<P>
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, P::View<'a>>,
-	{
-		self.inner.strip_prefix(base)
+		Ok(())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/loc/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/loc/mod.rs
index d89a0329..5b4556e9 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/loc/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/loc/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(buf loc);
+#![allow(private_bounds)]
+
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(able buf loc);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/localset.rs b/yazi-shared/src/localset.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33ae9e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/localset.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+use tokio::task::LocalSet;
+
+use crate::RoCell;
+
+pub static LOCAL_SET: RoCell<LocalSet> = RoCell::new();
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/osstr.rs b/yazi-shared/src/osstr.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ef3dbb8b..00000000
--- a/yazi-shared/src/osstr.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}};
-
-pub trait IntoOsStr<'a> {
-	type Error;
-
-	fn into_os_str(self) -> Result<Cow<'a, OsStr>, Self::Error>;
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoOsStr<'a> for Cow<'a, [u8]> {
-	type Error = anyhow::Error;
-
-	fn into_os_str(self) -> Result<Cow<'a, OsStr>, Self::Error> {
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		{
-			use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt, OsStringExt};
-			Ok(match self {
-				Cow::Borrowed(b) => Cow::Borrowed(OsStr::from_bytes(b)),
-				Cow::Owned(b) => Cow::Owned(OsString::from_vec(b)),
-			})
-		}
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		{
-			Ok(match self {
-				Cow::Borrowed(b) => Cow::Borrowed(OsStr::new(str::from_utf8(b)?)),
-				Cow::Owned(b) => Cow::Owned(OsString::from(String::from_utf8(b)?)),
-			})
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoOsStr<'a> for &'a [u8] {
-	type Error = anyhow::Error;
-
-	fn into_os_str(self) -> Result<Cow<'a, OsStr>, Self::Error> { Cow::Borrowed(self).into_os_str() }
-}
-
-// --- OsStrJoin
-pub trait OsStrJoin {
-	fn join(&self, sep: &OsStr) -> OsString;
-}
-
-impl<T> OsStrJoin for Vec<T>
-where
-	T: AsRef<OsStr>,
-{
-	fn join(&self, sep: &OsStr) -> OsString {
-		if self.is_empty() {
-			return OsString::new();
-		}
-
-		let mut result = OsString::new();
-		for (i, item) in self.iter().enumerate() {
-			if i > 0 {
-				result.push(sep);
-			}
-			result.push(item.as_ref());
-		}
-		result
-	}
-}
-
-// --- OsStrSplit
-pub trait OsStrSplit {
-	fn rsplit_once<P: Pattern>(&self, predicate: P) -> Option<(&Self, &Self)>;
-}
-
-impl OsStrSplit for OsStr {
-	fn rsplit_once<P: Pattern>(&self, pat: P) -> Option<(&Self, &Self)> {
-		let bytes = self.as_encoded_bytes();
-		for (i, &byte) in bytes.iter().enumerate().rev() {
-			if !pat.predicate(byte) {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			let (a, b) = bytes.split_at(i);
-			// SAFETY: These substrings were separated by a UTF-8 string.
-			return Some(unsafe {
-				(Self::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(a), Self::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(&b[1..]))
-			});
-		}
-		None
-	}
-}
-
-pub trait Pattern {
-	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl Pattern for char {
-	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool { *self == byte as Self }
-}
-
-impl Pattern for &[char] {
-	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool { self.contains(&(byte as char)) }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/buf.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/buf.rs
index 7e3ff236..1ef141e5 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/buf.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/buf.rs
@@ -1,55 +1,185 @@
-use std::{fmt::Debug, hash::Hash};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsString, hash::{Hash, Hasher}};
 
-use crate::path::{AsInnerView, AsPathView, PathInner, PathLike};
+use hashbrown::Equivalent;
 
-pub trait PathBufLike
-where
-	Self: 'static,
-{
-	type Inner: for<'a> AsInnerView<'a, Self::InnerRef<'a>>;
-	type InnerRef<'a>: PathInner<'a>;
-	type Borrowed<'a>: PathLike<'a> + AsPathView<'a, Self::Borrowed<'a>> + Debug + Hash;
+use crate::{path::{AsPath, Component, PathDyn, PathDynError, PathKind, SetNameError}, strand::AsStrand, wtf8::FromWtf8Vec};
 
-	fn borrow(&self) -> Self::Borrowed<'_>;
-
-	fn encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8];
-
-	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self;
-
-	fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8>;
-
-	fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.encoded_bytes().is_empty() }
-
-	fn len(&self) -> usize { self.encoded_bytes().len() }
-
-	fn set_file_name<T>(&mut self, name: T)
-	where
-		T: for<'a> AsInnerView<'a, Self::InnerRef<'a>>;
-
-	fn take(&mut self) -> Self;
+// --- PathBufDyn
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq)]
+pub enum PathBufDyn {
+	Os(std::path::PathBuf),
+	Unix(typed_path::UnixPathBuf),
 }
 
-impl PathBufLike for std::path::PathBuf {
-	type Borrowed<'a> = &'a std::path::Path;
-	type Inner = std::ffi::OsString;
-	type InnerRef<'a> = &'a std::ffi::OsStr;
+impl From<std::path::PathBuf> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn from(value: std::path::PathBuf) -> Self { Self::Os(value) }
+}
 
-	fn borrow(&self) -> Self::Borrowed<'_> { self.as_path() }
+impl From<typed_path::UnixPathBuf> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn from(value: typed_path::UnixPathBuf) -> Self { Self::Unix(value) }
+}
 
-	fn encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] { self.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes() }
+impl From<PathDyn<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn from(value: PathDyn<'_>) -> Self { value.to_owned() }
+}
 
-	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-		Self::from(unsafe { Self::Inner::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) })
-	}
+impl From<Cow<'_, std::path::Path>> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn from(value: Cow<'_, std::path::Path>) -> Self { Self::Os(value.into_owned()) }
+}
 
-	fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.into_os_string().into_encoded_bytes() }
+impl TryFrom<PathBufDyn> for std::path::PathBuf {
+	type Error = PathDynError;
 
-	fn set_file_name<T>(&mut self, name: T)
+	fn try_from(value: PathBufDyn) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> { value.into_os() }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<PathBufDyn> for typed_path::UnixPathBuf {
+	type Error = PathDynError;
+
+	fn try_from(value: PathBufDyn) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> { value.into_unix() }
+}
+
+// --- Hash
+impl Hash for PathBufDyn {
+	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.as_path().hash(state) }
+}
+
+// --- PartialEq
+impl PartialEq for PathBufDyn {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.as_path() == other.as_path() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<PathDyn<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { self.as_path() == *other }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<PathDyn<'_>> for &PathBufDyn {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { self.as_path() == *other }
+}
+
+impl Equivalent<PathDyn<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn equivalent(&self, key: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { self.as_path() == *key }
+}
+
+impl PathBufDyn {
+	#[inline]
+	pub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes<K>(kind: K, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self
 	where
-		T: for<'a> AsInnerView<'a, Self::InnerRef<'a>>,
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
 	{
-		self.set_file_name(name.as_inner_view());
+		match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(unsafe { OsString::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) }.into()),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(bytes.into()),
+		}
 	}
 
-	fn take(&mut self) -> Self { std::mem::take(self) }
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn from_components<'a, K, I>(kind: K, iter: I) -> Result<Self, PathDynError>
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+		I: IntoIterator<Item = Component<'a>>,
+	{
+		Ok(match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(iter.into_iter().collect::<Result<_, PathDynError>>()?),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(iter.into_iter().collect::<Result<_, PathDynError>>()?),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.into_os_string().into_encoded_bytes(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.into_vec(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn into_os(self) -> Result<std::path::PathBuf, PathDynError> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p,
+			Self::Unix(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsOs)?,
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn into_unix(self) -> Result<typed_path::UnixPathBuf, PathDynError> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsUnix)?,
+			Self::Unix(p) => p,
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn new(kind: PathKind) -> Self {
+		match kind {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(std::path::PathBuf::new()),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(typed_path::UnixPathBuf::new()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_extend<T>(&mut self, paths: T) -> Result<(), PathDynError>
+	where
+		T: IntoIterator,
+		T::Item: AsPath,
+	{
+		for p in paths {
+			self.try_push(p)?;
+		}
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_push<T>(&mut self, path: T) -> Result<(), PathDynError>
+	where
+		T: AsPath,
+	{
+		let path = path.as_path();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.push(path.as_os()?),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.push(path.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_set_name<T>(&mut self, name: T) -> Result<(), SetNameError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = name.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.set_file_name(s.as_os()?),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.set_file_name(s.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn with<K>(kind: K, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, PathDynError>
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+	{
+		Ok(match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => {
+				Self::Os(std::path::PathBuf::from_wtf8_vec(bytes).map_err(|_| PathDynError::AsOs)?)
+			}
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(bytes.into()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn with_capacity<K>(kind: K, capacity: usize) -> Self
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+	{
+		match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(std::path::PathBuf::with_capacity(capacity)),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(typed_path::UnixPathBuf::with_capacity(capacity)),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn with_str<K, S>(kind: K, s: S) -> Self
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+		S: Into<String>,
+	{
+		let s = s.into();
+		match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(s.into()),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(s.into()),
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/component.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/component.rs
index e69de29b..ec60377b 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/component.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/component.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use std::path::PrefixComponent;
+
+use crate::{path::PathDynError, strand::Strand};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum Component<'a> {
+	Prefix(PrefixComponent<'a>),
+	RootDir,
+	CurDir,
+	ParentDir,
+	Normal(Strand<'a>),
+}
+
+impl<'a> Component<'a> {
+	pub fn as_normal(&self) -> Option<Strand<'a>> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Normal(s) => Some(*s),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<std::path::Component<'a>> for Component<'a> {
+	fn from(value: std::path::Component<'a>) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			std::path::Component::Prefix(p) => Self::Prefix(p),
+			std::path::Component::RootDir => Self::RootDir,
+			std::path::Component::CurDir => Self::CurDir,
+			std::path::Component::ParentDir => Self::ParentDir,
+			std::path::Component::Normal(s) => Self::Normal(Strand::Os(s)),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<typed_path::UnixComponent<'a>> for Component<'a> {
+	fn from(value: typed_path::UnixComponent<'a>) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			typed_path::UnixComponent::RootDir => Self::RootDir,
+			typed_path::UnixComponent::CurDir => Self::CurDir,
+			typed_path::UnixComponent::ParentDir => Self::ParentDir,
+			typed_path::UnixComponent::Normal(b) => Self::Normal(Strand::Bytes(b)),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<Component<'a>> for std::path::Component<'a> {
+	type Error = PathDynError;
+
+	fn try_from(value: Component<'a>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		Ok(match value {
+			Component::Prefix(p) => Self::Prefix(p),
+			Component::RootDir => Self::RootDir,
+			Component::CurDir => Self::CurDir,
+			Component::ParentDir => Self::ParentDir,
+			Component::Normal(s) => Self::Normal(s.as_os()?),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<Component<'a>> for typed_path::UnixComponent<'a> {
+	type Error = PathDynError;
+
+	fn try_from(value: Component<'a>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		Ok(match value {
+			Component::Prefix(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsUnix)?,
+			Component::RootDir => Self::RootDir,
+			Component::CurDir => Self::CurDir,
+			Component::ParentDir => Self::ParentDir,
+			Component::Normal(s) => Self::Normal(s.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for Result<std::path::PathBuf, PathDynError> {
+	fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Component<'a>>>(iter: I) -> Self {
+		iter.into_iter().map(std::path::Component::try_from).collect()
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for Result<typed_path::UnixPathBuf, PathDynError> {
+	fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Component<'a>>>(iter: I) -> Self {
+		iter.into_iter().map(typed_path::UnixComponent::try_from).collect()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/components.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/components.rs
index e69de29b..37273b3b 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/components.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/components.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use std::iter::FusedIterator;
+
+use typed_path::Components as _;
+
+use crate::{path::{Component, PathDyn}, strand::Strand};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum Components<'a> {
+	Os(std::path::Components<'a>),
+	Unix(typed_path::UnixComponents<'a>),
+}
+
+impl<'a> Components<'a> {
+	pub fn path(&self) -> PathDyn<'a> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(c) => PathDyn::Os(c.as_path()),
+			Self::Unix(c) => PathDyn::Unix(c.as_path()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn strand(&self) -> Strand<'a> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(c) => Strand::Os(c.as_path().as_os_str()),
+			Self::Unix(c) => Strand::Bytes(c.as_bytes()),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> {
+	type Item = Component<'a>;
+
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Component<'a>> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(c) => c.next().map(Into::into),
+			Self::Unix(c) => c.next().map(Into::into),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Components<'a> {
+	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Component<'a>> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(c) => c.next_back().map(Into::into),
+			Self::Unix(c) => c.next_back().map(Into::into),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl FusedIterator for Components<'_> {}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/conversion.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/conversion.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5478b1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/conversion.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use super::{PathBufDyn, PathDyn};
+use crate::path::PathCow;
+
+// --- AsPath
+pub trait AsPath {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_>;
+}
+
+impl AsPath for std::path::Path {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { PathDyn::Os(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsPath for std::path::PathBuf {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { PathDyn::Os(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsPath for typed_path::UnixPath {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { PathDyn::Unix(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsPath for typed_path::UnixPathBuf {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { PathDyn::Unix(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsPath for PathDyn<'_> {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { *self }
+}
+
+impl AsPath for PathBufDyn {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => PathDyn::Os(p),
+			Self::Unix(p) => PathDyn::Unix(p),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsPath for PathCow<'_> {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> {
+		match self {
+			PathCow::Borrowed(p) => *p,
+			PathCow::Owned(p) => p.as_path(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsPath for super::Components<'_> {
+	fn as_path(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.path() }
+}
+
+// --- AsPathRef
+pub trait AsPathRef<'a> {
+	fn as_path_ref(self) -> PathDyn<'a>;
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsPathRef<'a> for PathDyn<'a> {
+	fn as_path_ref(self) -> Self { self }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/cow.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/cow.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..170a99e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/cow.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn, PathDyn, PathDynError, PathKind};
+
+// --- PathCow
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum PathCow<'a> {
+	Borrowed(PathDyn<'a>),
+	Owned(PathBufDyn),
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<PathDyn<'a>> for PathCow<'a> {
+	fn from(value: PathDyn<'a>) -> Self { Self::Borrowed(value) }
+}
+
+impl From<PathBufDyn> for PathCow<'_> {
+	fn from(value: PathBufDyn) -> Self { Self::Owned(value) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<std::path::PathBuf> for PathCow<'a> {
+	fn from(value: std::path::PathBuf) -> Self { Self::Owned(value.into()) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a PathCow<'_>> for PathCow<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a PathCow<'_>) -> Self { Self::Borrowed(value.as_path()) }
+}
+
+impl From<PathCow<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
+	fn from(value: PathCow<'_>) -> Self { value.into_owned() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for PathCow<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.as_path() == other.as_path() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&str> for PathCow<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(s) => s.as_path() == *other,
+			Self::Owned(s) => s.as_path() == *other,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> PathCow<'a> {
+	pub fn into_owned(self) -> PathBufDyn {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(p) => p.to_owned(),
+			Self::Owned(p) => p,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_os(self) -> Result<std::path::PathBuf, PathDynError> {
+		match self {
+			PathCow::Borrowed(p) => p.to_os_owned(),
+			PathCow::Owned(p) => p.into_os(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_borrowed(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, Self::Borrowed(_)) }
+
+	pub fn with<K, T>(kind: K, bytes: T) -> Result<Self>
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+		T: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
+	{
+		Ok(match bytes.into() {
+			Cow::Borrowed(b) => PathDyn::with(kind, b)?.into(),
+			Cow::Owned(b) => PathBufDyn::with(kind, b)?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/display.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/display.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbdb5df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/display.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+use crate::path::PathDyn;
+
+pub struct Display<'a>(pub PathDyn<'a>);
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Display<'_> {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+		match self.0 {
+			PathDyn::Os(p) => write!(f, "{}", p.display()),
+			PathDyn::Unix(p) => write!(f, "{}", p.display()),
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/dyn.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/dyn.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 10f32014..00000000
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/dyn.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-use hashbrown::Equivalent;
-use serde::Serialize;
-
-use super::{AsInnerView, AsPathView};
-use crate::path::{PathBufLike, PathLike};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub enum PathDyn<'p> {
-	Os(&'p std::path::Path),
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, PathDyn<'a>> for PathDyn<'a> {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> PathDyn<'a> { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, PathDyn<'a>> for std::path::Components<'a> {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> PathDyn<'a> { PathDyn::Os(self.as_path()) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a std::path::Path> for PathDyn<'a> {
-	fn from(value: &'a std::path::Path) -> Self { PathDyn::Os(value) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a PathBufDyn> for PathDyn<'a> {
-	fn from(value: &'a PathBufDyn) -> Self { value.borrow() }
-}
-
-impl<'p> PathLike<'p> for PathDyn<'p> {
-	type Components<'a> = std::path::Components<'a>;
-	type Display<'a> = std::path::Display<'a>;
-	type Inner = &'p [u8];
-	type Owned = PathBufDyn;
-	type View<'a> = PathDyn<'a>;
-
-	fn components(self) -> Self::Components<'p> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.components(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	// FIXME: remove
-	fn default() -> Self { Self::Os(std::path::Path::new("")) }
-
-	fn display(self) -> Self::Display<'p> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.display(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8] {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn extension(self) -> Option<Self::Inner> {
-		Some(match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.extension()?.as_encoded_bytes(),
-		})
-	}
-
-	fn file_name(self) -> Option<Self::Inner> {
-		Some(match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.file_name()?.as_encoded_bytes(),
-		})
-	}
-
-	fn file_stem(self) -> Option<Self::Inner> {
-		Some(match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.file_stem()?.as_encoded_bytes(),
-		})
-	}
-
-	// FIXME: remove
-	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self {
-		Self::Os(std::path::Path::new(unsafe { std::ffi::OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) }))
-	}
-
-	fn join<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Self::Owned
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>>,
-	{
-		match (self, base.as_path_view()) {
-			(Self::Os(p), PathDyn::Os(q)) => Self::Owned::Os(p.join(q)),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn owned(self) -> Self::Owned {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => Self::Owned::Os(p.to_path_buf()),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> {
-		Some(match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => Self::Os(p.parent()?),
-		})
-	}
-
-	fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<Self>
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>>,
-	{
-		Some(match (self, base.as_path_view()) {
-			(Self::Os(p), PathDyn::Os(q)) => Self::Os(p.strip_prefix(q).ok()?),
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<PathBufDyn> for PathDyn<'_> {
-	fn eq(&self, other: &PathBufDyn) -> bool { *self == other.borrow() }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<PathDyn<'_>> for &std::path::Path {
-	fn eq(&self, other: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { matches!(*other, PathDyn::Os(p) if p == *self) }
-}
-
-impl Equivalent<PathBufDyn> for PathDyn<'_> {
-	fn equivalent(&self, key: &PathBufDyn) -> bool { *self == key.borrow() }
-}
-
-// --- PathBufDyn
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Serialize)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
-pub enum PathBufDyn {
-	Os(std::path::PathBuf),
-}
-
-impl PathBufDyn {
-	pub const fn os_default() -> Self { Self::Os(std::path::PathBuf::new()) }
-}
-
-impl PathBufLike for PathBufDyn {
-	type Borrowed<'a> = PathDyn<'a>;
-	type Inner = Vec<u8>;
-	type InnerRef<'a> = &'a [u8];
-
-	fn borrow(&self) -> Self::Borrowed<'_> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => Self::Borrowed::Os(p.as_path()),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	// FIXME: remove
-	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-		Self::Os(std::path::PathBuf::from(unsafe {
-			std::ffi::OsString::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes)
-		}))
-	}
-
-	fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.into_os_string().into_encoded_bytes(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn set_file_name<T>(&mut self, name: T)
-	where
-		T: for<'a> AsInnerView<'a, Self::InnerRef<'a>>,
-	{
-		// TODO: introduce a new `PathInnerDyn`
-		todo!()
-	}
-
-	fn take(&mut self) -> Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Os(p) => Self::Os(std::mem::take(p)),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl From<PathDyn<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
-	fn from(value: PathDyn<'_>) -> Self {
-		match value {
-			PathDyn::Os(p) => Self::Os(p.to_path_buf()),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl From<&PathBufDyn> for PathBufDyn {
-	fn from(value: &PathBufDyn) -> Self { value.clone() }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<PathDyn<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
-	fn eq(&self, other: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { self.borrow() == *other }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<PathDyn<'_>> for &PathBufDyn {
-	fn eq(&self, other: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { self.borrow() == *other }
-}
-
-impl Equivalent<PathDyn<'_>> for PathBufDyn {
-	fn equivalent(&self, key: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { self.borrow() == *key }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/error.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..007885eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::strand::StrandError;
+
+// --- EndsWithError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+#[error("calling ends_with on paths with different encodings")]
+pub enum EndsWithError {
+	FromStrand(#[from] StrandError),
+}
+
+// --- JoinError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+#[error("calling join on paths with different encodings")]
+pub enum JoinError {
+	FromStrand(#[from] StrandError),
+	FromPathDyn(#[from] PathDynError),
+}
+
+impl From<StartsWithError> for JoinError {
+	fn from(err: StartsWithError) -> Self {
+		match err {
+			StartsWithError::FromStrand(e) => Self::FromStrand(e),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<JoinError> for std::io::Error {
+	fn from(err: JoinError) -> Self { Self::other(err) }
+}
+
+// --- PathDynError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum PathDynError {
+	#[error("conversion to OS path failed")]
+	AsOs,
+	#[error("conversion to Unix path failed")]
+	AsUnix,
+	#[error("conversion to UTF-8 path failed")]
+	AsUtf8,
+}
+
+impl From<StrandError> for PathDynError {
+	fn from(err: StrandError) -> Self {
+		match err {
+			StrandError::AsOs => Self::AsOs,
+			StrandError::AsUtf8 => Self::AsUtf8,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<PathDynError> for std::io::Error {
+	fn from(err: PathDynError) -> Self { Self::other(err) }
+}
+
+// --- SetNameError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+#[error("calling set_name on paths with different encodings")]
+pub enum SetNameError {
+	FromStrand(#[from] StrandError),
+}
+
+impl From<SetNameError> for std::io::Error {
+	fn from(err: SetNameError) -> Self { Self::other(err) }
+}
+
+// --- RsplitOnce
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[error("calling rsplit_once on paths with different encodings")]
+pub enum RsplitOnceError {
+	#[error("conversion to OsStr failed")]
+	AsOs,
+	#[error("conversion to UTF-8 str failed")]
+	AsUtf8,
+	#[error("the pattern was not found")]
+	NotFound,
+}
+
+impl From<StrandError> for RsplitOnceError {
+	fn from(err: StrandError) -> Self {
+		match err {
+			StrandError::AsOs => Self::AsOs,
+			StrandError::AsUtf8 => Self::AsUtf8,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- StartsWithError
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[error("calling starts_with on paths with different encodings")]
+pub enum StartsWithError {
+	FromStrand(#[from] StrandError),
+}
+
+// --- StripPrefixError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum StripPrefixError {
+	#[error("calling strip_prefix on URLs with different schemes")]
+	Exotic,
+	#[error("the base is not a prefix of the path")]
+	NotPrefix,
+	#[error("calling strip_prefix on paths with different encodings")]
+	WrongEncoding,
+}
+
+impl From<StrandError> for StripPrefixError {
+	fn from(err: StrandError) -> Self {
+		match err {
+			StrandError::AsOs | StrandError::AsUtf8 => Self::WrongEncoding,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<std::path::StripPrefixError> for StripPrefixError {
+	fn from(_: std::path::StripPrefixError) -> Self { Self::NotPrefix }
+}
+
+impl From<typed_path::StripPrefixError> for StripPrefixError {
+	fn from(_: typed_path::StripPrefixError) -> Self { Self::NotPrefix }
+}
+
+// --- StripSuffixError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum StripSuffixError {
+	#[error("calling strip_suffix on URLs with different schemes")]
+	Exotic,
+	#[error("the base is not a suffix of the path")]
+	NotSuffix,
+	#[error("calling strip_suffix on paths with different encodings")]
+	WrongEncoding,
+}
+
+impl From<StrandError> for StripSuffixError {
+	fn from(err: StrandError) -> Self {
+		match err {
+			StrandError::AsOs | StrandError::AsUtf8 => Self::WrongEncoding,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/inner.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/inner.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4237078a..00000000
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/inner.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-pub trait PathInner<'a>: Copy {
-	fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8];
-
-	fn is_empty(self) -> bool { self.encoded_bytes().is_empty() }
-
-	fn len(self) -> usize { self.encoded_bytes().len() }
-}
-
-impl<'a> PathInner<'a> for &'a std::ffi::OsStr {
-	fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8] { self.as_encoded_bytes() }
-}
-
-impl<'a> PathInner<'a> for &'a [u8] {
-	fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8] { self }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/kind.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/kind.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c66781cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/kind.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use crate::scheme::SchemeKind;
+
+pub enum PathKind {
+	Os,
+	Unix,
+}
+
+impl From<SchemeKind> for PathKind {
+	fn from(value: SchemeKind) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::Os,
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::Os,
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::Os,
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::Unix,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/like.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/like.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c5ef1f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/like.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::{Utf8BytePredictor, path::{AsPath, Components, Display, EndsWithError, JoinError, PathBufDyn, PathCow, PathDyn, PathDynError, PathKind, RsplitOnceError, StartsWithError, StripPrefixError, StripSuffixError}, strand::{AsStrand, Strand}};
+
+pub trait PathLike: AsPath {
+	fn as_os(&self) -> Result<&std::path::Path, PathDynError> { self.as_path().as_os() }
+
+	fn as_unix(&self) -> Result<&typed_path::UnixPath, PathDynError> { self.as_path().as_unix() }
+
+	fn components(&self) -> Components<'_> { self.as_path().components() }
+
+	fn display(&self) -> Display<'_> { self.as_path().display() }
+
+	fn encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] { self.as_path().encoded_bytes() }
+
+	fn ext(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.as_path().ext() }
+
+	fn has_root(&self) -> bool { self.as_path().has_root() }
+
+	fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool { self.as_path().is_absolute() }
+
+	fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.as_path().is_empty() }
+
+	#[cfg(unix)]
+	fn is_hidden(&self) -> bool { self.as_path().is_hidden() }
+
+	fn kind(&self) -> PathKind { self.as_path().kind() }
+
+	fn len(&self) -> usize { self.as_path().len() }
+
+	fn name(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.as_path().name() }
+
+	fn parent(&self) -> Option<PathDyn<'_>> { self.as_path().parent() }
+
+	fn rsplit_pred<T>(&self, pred: T) -> Option<(PathDyn<'_>, PathDyn<'_>)>
+	where
+		T: Utf8BytePredictor,
+	{
+		self.as_path().rsplit_pred(pred)
+	}
+
+	fn stem(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.as_path().stem() }
+
+	fn to_os_owned(&self) -> Result<std::path::PathBuf, PathDynError> { self.as_path().to_os_owned() }
+
+	fn to_owned(&self) -> PathBufDyn { self.as_path().to_owned() }
+
+	fn to_str(&self) -> Result<&str, std::str::Utf8Error> { self.as_path().to_str() }
+
+	fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str> { self.as_path().to_string_lossy() }
+
+	fn try_ends_with<T>(&self, child: T) -> Result<bool, EndsWithError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		self.as_path().try_ends_with(child)
+	}
+
+	fn try_join<T>(&self, path: T) -> Result<PathBufDyn, JoinError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		self.as_path().try_join(path)
+	}
+
+	fn try_rsplit_seq<T>(&self, pat: T) -> Result<(PathDyn<'_>, PathDyn<'_>), RsplitOnceError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		self.as_path().try_rsplit_seq(pat)
+	}
+
+	fn try_starts_with<T>(&self, base: T) -> Result<bool, StartsWithError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		self.as_path().try_starts_with(base)
+	}
+
+	fn try_strip_prefix<T>(&self, base: T) -> Result<PathDyn<'_>, StripPrefixError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		self.as_path().try_strip_prefix(base)
+	}
+
+	fn try_strip_suffix<T>(&self, suffix: T) -> Result<PathDyn<'_>, StripSuffixError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		self.as_path().try_strip_suffix(suffix)
+	}
+}
+
+impl<P> From<&P> for PathBufDyn
+where
+	P: PathLike,
+{
+	fn from(value: &P) -> Self { value.to_owned() }
+}
+
+impl PathLike for PathBufDyn {}
+impl PathLike for PathCow<'_> {}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/mod.rs
index 99d255a7..a3d7f658 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(buf component components inner path r#dyn traits);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(buf component components conversion cow display error kind like path view);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/path.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/path.rs
index 51e83577..030b957d 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/path.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/path.rs
@@ -1,93 +1,298 @@
-use crate::path::{AsPathView, PathBufLike, PathInner};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr};
 
-pub trait PathLike<'p>
-where
-	Self: Copy + AsPathView<'p, Self::View<'p>>,
-{
-	type Inner: PathInner<'p>;
-	type Owned: PathBufLike + Into<Self::Owned>;
-	type View<'a>;
-	type Components<'a>: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>> + Clone + DoubleEndedIterator;
-	type Display<'a>: std::fmt::Display;
+use anyhow::Result;
+use hashbrown::Equivalent;
 
-	fn components(self) -> Self::Components<'p>;
+use super::{RsplitOnceError, StartsWithError};
+use crate::{BytesExt, Utf8BytePredictor, path::{AsPath, Components, Display, EndsWithError, JoinError, PathBufDyn, PathDynError, PathKind, StripPrefixError, StripSuffixError}, strand::{AsStrand, Strand, StrandError}};
 
-	fn default() -> Self;
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PathDyn<'p> {
+	Os(&'p std::path::Path),
+	Unix(&'p typed_path::UnixPath),
+}
 
-	fn display(self) -> Self::Display<'p>;
+impl<'a> From<&'a std::path::Path> for PathDyn<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a std::path::Path) -> Self { Self::Os(value) }
+}
 
-	fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8];
+impl<'a> From<&'a typed_path::UnixPath> for PathDyn<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a typed_path::UnixPath) -> Self { Self::Unix(value) }
+}
 
-	fn extension(self) -> Option<Self::Inner>;
+impl<'a> From<&'a PathBufDyn> for PathDyn<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a PathBufDyn) -> Self { value.as_path() }
+}
 
-	fn file_name(self) -> Option<Self::Inner>;
+impl PartialEq<PathBufDyn> for PathDyn<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &PathBufDyn) -> bool { *self == other.as_path() }
+}
 
-	fn file_stem(self) -> Option<Self::Inner>;
+impl PartialEq<PathDyn<'_>> for &std::path::Path {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &PathDyn<'_>) -> bool { matches!(*other, PathDyn::Os(p) if p == *self) }
+}
 
-	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self;
+impl PartialEq<&std::path::Path> for PathDyn<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &&std::path::Path) -> bool { matches!(*self, PathDyn::Os(p) if p == *other) }
+}
 
-	fn is_empty(self) -> bool { self.encoded_bytes().is_empty() }
+impl PartialEq<&str> for PathDyn<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool {
+		match *self {
+			PathDyn::Os(p) => p == *other,
+			PathDyn::Unix(p) => p == typed_path::UnixPath::new(other),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Equivalent<PathBufDyn> for PathDyn<'_> {
+	fn equivalent(&self, key: &PathBufDyn) -> bool { *self == key.as_path() }
+}
+
+impl<'p> PathDyn<'p> {
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn as_os(self) -> Result<&'p std::path::Path, PathDynError> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Ok(p),
+			Self::Unix(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsOs),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn as_unix(self) -> Result<&'p typed_path::UnixPath, PathDynError> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsUnix),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Ok(p),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn components(self) -> Components<'p> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Components::Os(p.components()),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Components::Unix(p.components()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn display(self) -> Display<'p> { Display(self) }
+
+	pub fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8] {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.as_bytes(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn ext(self) -> Option<Strand<'p>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.extension()?.into(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.extension()?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes<K>(kind: K, bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+	{
+		match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) }.as_ref()),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(typed_path::UnixPath::new(bytes)),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn has_root(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.has_root(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.has_root(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_absolute(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.is_absolute(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.is_absolute(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool { self.encoded_bytes().is_empty() }
 
 	#[cfg(unix)]
-	fn is_hidden(self) -> bool {
-		self.file_name().is_some_and(|n| n.encoded_bytes().first() == Some(&b'.'))
+	pub fn is_hidden(self) -> bool {
+		self.name().is_some_and(|n| n.encoded_bytes().first() == Some(&b'.'))
 	}
 
-	fn join<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Self::Owned
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>>;
-
-	fn len(self) -> usize { self.encoded_bytes().len() }
-
-	fn owned(self) -> Self::Owned;
-
-	fn parent(self) -> Option<Self>;
-
-	fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<Self>
-	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>>;
-}
-
-impl<'p> PathLike<'p> for &'p std::path::Path {
-	type Components<'a> = std::path::Components<'a>;
-	type Display<'a> = std::path::Display<'a>;
-	type Inner = &'p std::ffi::OsStr;
-	type Owned = std::path::PathBuf;
-	type View<'a> = &'a std::path::Path;
-
-	fn components(self) -> Self::Components<'p> { self.components() }
-
-	fn default() -> Self { std::path::Path::new("") }
-
-	fn display(self) -> Self::Display<'p> { self.display() }
-
-	fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'p [u8] { self.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes() }
-
-	fn extension(self) -> Option<Self::Inner> { self.extension() }
-
-	fn file_name(self) -> Option<Self::Inner> { self.file_name() }
-
-	fn file_stem(self) -> Option<Self::Inner> { self.file_stem() }
-
-	unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(bytes: &'p [u8]) -> Self {
-		std::path::Path::new(unsafe { std::ffi::OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) })
+	pub fn kind(self) -> PathKind {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(_) => PathKind::Os,
+			Self::Unix(_) => PathKind::Unix,
+		}
 	}
 
-	fn join<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Self::Owned
+	pub fn len(self) -> usize { self.encoded_bytes().len() }
+
+	pub fn name(self) -> Option<Strand<'p>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.file_name()?.into(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.file_name()?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Self::Os(p.parent().filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty())?),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Self::Unix(p.parent().filter(|p| !p.as_bytes().is_empty())?),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn rsplit_pred<T>(self, pred: T) -> Option<(Self, Self)>
 	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>>,
+		T: Utf8BytePredictor,
 	{
-		self.join(base.as_path_view())
+		let (a, b) = self.encoded_bytes().rsplit_pred_once(pred)?;
+		Some(unsafe {
+			(Self::from_encoded_bytes(self.kind(), a), Self::from_encoded_bytes(self.kind(), b))
+		})
 	}
 
-	fn owned(self) -> Self::Owned { self.to_path_buf() }
+	pub fn stem(self) -> Option<Strand<'p>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.file_stem()?.into(),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.file_stem()?.into(),
+		})
+	}
 
-	fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> { self.parent() }
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn to_os_owned(self) -> Result<std::path::PathBuf, PathDynError> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Ok(p.to_owned()),
+			Self::Unix(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsOs),
+		}
+	}
 
-	fn strip_prefix<'a, T>(self, base: T) -> Option<Self>
+	pub fn to_owned(self) -> PathBufDyn {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => PathBufDyn::Os(p.to_owned()),
+			Self::Unix(p) => PathBufDyn::Unix(p.to_owned()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn to_str(self) -> Result<&'p str, std::str::Utf8Error> {
+		str::from_utf8(self.encoded_bytes())
+	}
+
+	pub fn to_string_lossy(self) -> Cow<'p, str> { String::from_utf8_lossy(self.encoded_bytes()) }
+
+	pub fn to_unix_owned(self) -> Result<typed_path::UnixPathBuf, PathDynError> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(_) => Err(PathDynError::AsUnix),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Ok(p.to_owned()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_ends_with<T>(self, child: T) -> Result<bool, EndsWithError>
 	where
-		T: AsPathView<'a, Self::View<'a>>,
+		T: AsStrand,
 	{
-		self.strip_prefix(base.as_path_view()).ok()
+		let s = child.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.ends_with(s.as_os()?),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.ends_with(s.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_join<T>(self, path: T) -> Result<PathBufDyn, JoinError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = path.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => PathBufDyn::Os(p.join(s.as_os()?)),
+			Self::Unix(p) => PathBufDyn::Unix(p.join(s.encoded_bytes())),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_rsplit_seq<T>(self, pat: T) -> Result<(Self, Self), RsplitOnceError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let pat = pat.as_strand();
+
+		let (a, b) = match self {
+			PathDyn::Os(p) => {
+				p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes().rsplit_seq_once(pat.as_os()?.as_encoded_bytes())
+			}
+			PathDyn::Unix(p) => p.as_bytes().rsplit_seq_once(pat.encoded_bytes()),
+		}
+		.ok_or(RsplitOnceError::NotFound)?;
+
+		Ok(unsafe {
+			(Self::from_encoded_bytes(self.kind(), a), Self::from_encoded_bytes(self.kind(), b))
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_starts_with<T>(self, base: T) -> Result<bool, StartsWithError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = base.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => p.starts_with(s.as_os()?),
+			Self::Unix(p) => p.starts_with(s.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_strip_prefix<T>(self, base: T) -> Result<Self, StripPrefixError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = base.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Self::Os(p.strip_prefix(s.as_os()?)?),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Self::Unix(p.strip_prefix(s.encoded_bytes())?),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_strip_suffix<T>(self, suffix: T) -> Result<Self, StripSuffixError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = suffix.as_strand();
+		let mut me_comps = self.components();
+		let mut suf_comps = match self.kind() {
+			PathKind::Os => Components::Os(std::path::Path::new(s.as_os()?).components()),
+			PathKind::Unix => Components::Unix(typed_path::UnixPath::new(s.encoded_bytes()).components()),
+		};
+
+		while let Some(next) = suf_comps.next_back() {
+			if me_comps.next_back() != Some(next) {
+				return Err(StripSuffixError::NotSuffix);
+			}
+		}
+
+		Ok(me_comps.path())
+	}
+
+	pub fn with<K, S>(kind: K, strand: &'p S) -> Result<Self, StrandError>
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+		S: ?Sized + AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = strand.as_strand();
+		Ok(match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(std::path::Path::new(s.as_os()?)),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(typed_path::UnixPath::new(s.encoded_bytes())),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn with_str<K, S>(kind: K, s: &'p S) -> Self
+	where
+		K: Into<PathKind>,
+		S: ?Sized + AsRef<str>,
+	{
+		let s = s.as_ref();
+		match kind.into() {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os(s.as_ref()),
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Unix(s.as_ref()),
+		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/traits.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/traits.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f24f1c4d..00000000
--- a/yazi-shared/src/path/traits.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}};
-
-use super::{PathBufDyn, PathDyn};
-use crate::path::{PathBufLike, PathLike};
-
-pub trait AsPath {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_>;
-}
-
-impl AsPath for OsStr {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self) }
-}
-
-impl AsPath for &OsStr {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self) }
-}
-
-impl AsPath for std::path::Path {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { self }
-}
-
-impl AsPath for std::path::PathBuf {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { self.as_path() }
-}
-
-impl AsPath for PathDyn<'_> {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { *self }
-}
-
-impl AsPath for PathBufDyn {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { self.borrow() }
-}
-
-impl AsPath for &PathBufDyn {
-	fn as_path(&self) -> impl PathLike<'_> { self.borrow() }
-}
-
-// --- AsPathDyn
-pub trait AsPathDyn {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_>;
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for &str {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self).into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for String {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self).into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for &String {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self).into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for OsStr {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self).into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for &OsStr {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self).into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for Cow<'_, OsStr> {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { std::path::Path::new(self).into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for std::path::PathBuf {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_path().into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for &std::path::PathBuf {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_path().into() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for PathDyn<'_> {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { *self }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for PathBufDyn {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.borrow() }
-}
-
-impl AsPathDyn for &PathBufDyn {
-	fn as_path_dyn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.borrow() }
-}
-
-// --- AsPathView
-pub trait AsPathView<'a, T> {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> T;
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a str {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { std::path::Path::new(self) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a OsStr {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { std::path::Path::new(self) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a std::path::Path {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a std::path::PathBuf {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for std::path::Components<'a> {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { self.as_path() }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, PathDyn<'a>> for &'a PathBufDyn {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> PathDyn<'a> {
-		match self {
-			PathBufDyn::Os(p) => PathDyn::Os(p.as_path()),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a Cow<'_, OsStr> {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { std::path::Path::new(self) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for crate::loc::Loc<'a, &'a std::path::Path> {
-	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { *self }
-}
-
-// --- AsInnerView
-pub trait AsInnerView<'a, T> {
-	fn as_inner_view(&'a self) -> T;
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsInnerView<'a, &'a OsStr> for OsStr {
-	fn as_inner_view(&'a self) -> &'a OsStr { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsInnerView<'a, &'a OsStr> for OsString {
-	fn as_inner_view(&'a self) -> &'a OsStr { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsInnerView<'a, &'a [u8]> for [u8] {
-	fn as_inner_view(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a> AsInnerView<'a, &'a [u8]> for Vec<u8> {
-	fn as_inner_view(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a, T, U> AsInnerView<'a, U> for &T
-where
-	T: ?Sized + AsInnerView<'a, U>,
-{
-	fn as_inner_view(&'a self) -> U { (*self).as_inner_view() }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/path/view.rs b/yazi-shared/src/path/view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31a2fdf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/path/view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// --- AsPathView
+pub trait AsPathView<'a, T> {
+	fn as_path_view(self) -> T;
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a std::path::Path {
+	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a std::path::Path> for &'a std::path::PathBuf {
+	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a std::path::Path { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a typed_path::UnixPath> for &'a typed_path::UnixPath {
+	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a typed_path::UnixPath { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsPathView<'a, &'a typed_path::UnixPath> for &'a typed_path::UnixPathBuf {
+	fn as_path_view(self) -> &'a typed_path::UnixPath { self }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/pool/cow.rs b/yazi-shared/src/pool/cow.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f91283f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/pool/cow.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use crate::pool::{Pool, Symbol};
+
+pub enum SymbolCow<'a, T: ?Sized> {
+	Borrowed(&'a T),
+	Owned(Symbol<T>),
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> Clone for SymbolCow<'_, T> {
+	fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(t) => Self::Borrowed(t),
+			Self::Owned(t) => Self::Owned(t.clone()),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for SymbolCow<'_, [u8]> {
+	fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(b) => b,
+			Self::Owned(b) => b.as_ref(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsRef<str> for SymbolCow<'_, str> {
+	fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(s) => s,
+			Self::Owned(s) => s.as_ref(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Deref
+impl Deref for SymbolCow<'_, [u8]> {
+	type Target = [u8];
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { self.as_ref() }
+}
+
+impl Deref for SymbolCow<'_, str> {
+	type Target = str;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { self.as_ref() }
+}
+
+// --- From
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized> From<&'a T> for SymbolCow<'a, T> {
+	fn from(value: &'a T) -> Self { Self::Borrowed(value) }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> From<Symbol<T>> for SymbolCow<'_, T> {
+	fn from(value: Symbol<T>) -> Self { Self::Owned(value) }
+}
+
+impl From<SymbolCow<'_, [u8]>> for Symbol<[u8]> {
+	fn from(value: SymbolCow<'_, [u8]>) -> Self { value.into_owned() }
+}
+
+impl From<SymbolCow<'_, str>> for Symbol<str> {
+	fn from(value: SymbolCow<'_, str>) -> Self { value.into_owned() }
+}
+
+// --- Debug
+impl std::fmt::Debug for SymbolCow<'_, [u8]> {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+		write!(f, "SymbolCow<[u8]>({:?})", self.as_ref())
+	}
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for SymbolCow<'_, str> {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+		write!(f, "SymbolCow<str>({:?})", self.as_ref())
+	}
+}
+
+impl SymbolCow<'_, [u8]> {
+	pub fn into_owned(self) -> Symbol<[u8]> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(t) => Pool::<[u8]>::intern(t),
+			Self::Owned(t) => t,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl SymbolCow<'_, str> {
+	pub fn into_owned(self) -> Symbol<str> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(t) => Pool::<str>::intern(t),
+			Self::Owned(t) => t,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/pool/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/pool/mod.rs
index dd9924e8..cf34b1dc 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/pool/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/pool/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(pool ptr symbol traits);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cow pool ptr symbol traits);
 
 static SYMBOLS: crate::RoCell<
 	parking_lot::Mutex<hashbrown::HashMap<SymbolPtr, u64, foldhash::fast::FixedState>>,
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/predictor.rs b/yazi-shared/src/predictor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4603e2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/predictor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// --- BytePredictor
+pub trait BytePredictor {
+	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool;
+}
+
+// --- Utf8BytePredictor
+pub trait Utf8BytePredictor {
+	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool;
+}
+
+// --- AnyAsciiChar
+pub struct AnyAsciiChar<'a>(&'a [u8]);
+
+impl<'a> AnyAsciiChar<'a> {
+	pub fn new(chars: &'a [u8]) -> Option<Self> {
+		if chars.iter().all(|&b| b <= 0x7f) { Some(Self(chars)) } else { None }
+	}
+}
+
+impl Utf8BytePredictor for AnyAsciiChar<'_> {
+	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool { self.0.contains(&byte) }
+}
+
+impl<T> BytePredictor for T
+where
+	T: Utf8BytePredictor,
+{
+	fn predicate(&self, byte: u8) -> bool { self.predicate(byte) }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/rand.rs b/yazi-shared/src/rand.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 20271405..00000000
--- a/yazi-shared/src/rand.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
-
-pub struct LcgRng {
-	seed: u64,
-}
-
-impl LcgRng {
-	const A: u64 = 6364136223846793005;
-	const C: u64 = 1;
-	const M: u64 = u64::MAX;
-}
-
-impl Iterator for LcgRng {
-	type Item = u64;
-
-	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-		self.seed = Self::A.wrapping_mul(self.seed).wrapping_add(Self::C) % Self::M;
-		Some(self.seed)
-	}
-}
-
-impl Default for LcgRng {
-	fn default() -> Self {
-		let time = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).expect("Time went backwards");
-		Self { seed: time.as_secs() ^ time.subsec_nanos() as u64 }
-	}
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/cow.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/cow.rs
index 7f35a927..30a4eea0 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/cow.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/cow.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Not, path::Path};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
-use anyhow::{Result, bail, ensure};
+use anyhow::{Result, ensure};
 use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
 
-use crate::{BytesExt, pool::InternStr, scheme::{AsScheme, Scheme, SchemeRef}};
+use crate::{path::{PathCow, PathLike}, pool::{InternStr, SymbolCow}, scheme::{AsScheme, Scheme, SchemeKind, SchemeRef}, url::Url};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum SchemeCow<'a> {
@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@ pub enum SchemeCow<'a> {
 	Owned(Scheme),
 }
 
-impl Default for SchemeCow<'_> {
-	fn default() -> Self { Self::Borrowed(SchemeRef::Regular) }
-}
-
 impl<'a> From<SchemeRef<'a>> for SchemeCow<'a> {
 	fn from(value: SchemeRef<'a>) -> Self { Self::Borrowed(value) }
 }
@@ -31,71 +27,75 @@ impl From<Scheme> for SchemeCow<'_> {
 }
 
 impl From<SchemeCow<'_>> for Scheme {
-	fn from(value: SchemeCow<'_>) -> Self {
-		match value {
-			SchemeCow::Borrowed(s) => s.into(),
-			SchemeCow::Owned(s) => s,
-		}
-	}
+	fn from(value: SchemeCow<'_>) -> Self { value.into_owned() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<SchemeRef<'_>> for SchemeCow<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &SchemeRef) -> bool { self.as_scheme() == *other }
 }
 
 impl<'a> SchemeCow<'a> {
-	pub fn search(domain: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> Self {
+	pub fn regular(uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self { SchemeRef::Regular { uri, urn }.into() }
+
+	pub fn search<T>(domain: T, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self
+	where
+		T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
+	{
 		match domain.into() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(s) => SchemeRef::Search(s).into(),
-			Cow::Owned(s) => Scheme::Search(s.intern()).into(),
+			Cow::Borrowed(domain) => SchemeRef::Search { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+			Cow::Owned(domain) => Scheme::Search { domain: domain.intern(), uri, urn }.into(),
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn archive(domain: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> Self {
+	pub fn archive<T>(domain: T, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self
+	where
+		T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
+	{
 		match domain.into() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(s) => SchemeRef::Archive(s).into(),
-			Cow::Owned(s) => Scheme::Archive(s.intern()).into(),
+			Cow::Borrowed(domain) => SchemeRef::Archive { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+			Cow::Owned(domain) => Scheme::Archive { domain: domain.intern(), uri, urn }.into(),
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn sftp(domain: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> Self {
+	pub fn sftp<T>(domain: T, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self
+	where
+		T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
+	{
 		match domain.into() {
-			Cow::Borrowed(s) => SchemeRef::Sftp(s).into(),
-			Cow::Owned(s) => Scheme::Sftp(s.intern()).into(),
+			Cow::Borrowed(domain) => SchemeRef::Sftp { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+			Cow::Owned(domain) => Scheme::Sftp { domain: domain.intern(), uri, urn }.into(),
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) fn parse(
-		bytes: &'a [u8],
-		skip: &mut usize,
-	) -> Result<(Self, bool, Option<usize>, Option<usize>)> {
-		let Some((mut protocol, rest)) = bytes.split_by_seq(b"://") else {
-			return Ok((Self::default(), false, None, None));
+	pub fn parse(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Result<(Self, PathCow<'a>)> {
+		let Some((kind, tilde)) = SchemeKind::parse(bytes)? else {
+			let path = Self::decode_path(SchemeKind::Regular, false, bytes)?;
+			let (uri, urn) = Self::normalize_ports(SchemeKind::Regular, None, None, &path)?;
+			return Ok((Self::regular(uri, urn), path));
 		};
 
-		// Advance to the beginning of the path
-		*skip += 3 + protocol.len();
-
-		// Tilded schemes
-		let tilde = protocol.ends_with(b"~");
-		if tilde {
-			protocol = &protocol[..protocol.len() - 1];
-		}
-
-		let (scheme, uri, urn) = match protocol {
-			b"regular" => (Self::default(), None, None),
-			b"search" => {
-				let (domain, uri, urn) = Self::decode_param(rest, skip)?;
-				(Self::search(domain), uri, urn)
-			}
-			b"archive" => {
-				let (domain, uri, urn) = Self::decode_param(rest, skip)?;
-				(Self::archive(domain), uri, urn)
-			}
-			b"sftp" => {
-				let (domain, uri, urn) = Self::decode_param(rest, skip)?;
-				(Self::sftp(domain), uri, urn)
-			}
-			_ => bail!("Could not parse protocol from URL: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes)),
+		// Decode domain and ports
+		let mut skip = kind.offset(tilde);
+		let (domain, uri, urn) = match kind {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => ("".into(), None, None),
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::decode_param(&bytes[skip..], &mut skip)?,
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::decode_param(&bytes[skip..], &mut skip)?,
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::decode_param(&bytes[skip..], &mut skip)?,
 		};
 
-		Ok((scheme, tilde, uri, urn))
+		// Decode path
+		let path = Self::decode_path(kind, tilde, &bytes[skip..])?;
+
+		// Build scheme
+		let (uri, urn) = Self::normalize_ports(kind, uri, urn, &path)?;
+		let scheme = match kind {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::regular(uri, urn),
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::search(domain, uri, urn),
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::archive(domain, uri, urn),
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::sftp(domain, uri, urn),
+		};
+
+		Ok((scheme, path))
 	}
 
 	fn decode_param(
@@ -132,35 +132,72 @@ impl<'a> SchemeCow<'a> {
 		Ok((b, a))
 	}
 
-	pub(crate) fn normalize_ports(
-		&self,
+	fn decode_path(kind: SchemeKind, tilde: bool, bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Result<PathCow<'a>> {
+		let bytes: Cow<_> = if tilde { percent_decode(bytes).into() } else { bytes.into() };
+		PathCow::with(kind, bytes)
+	}
+
+	fn normalize_ports(
+		kind: SchemeKind,
 		uri: Option<usize>,
 		urn: Option<usize>,
-		path: &Path,
-	) -> Result<Option<(usize, usize)>> {
-		Ok(match self.as_scheme() {
-			SchemeRef::Regular => {
+		path: &PathCow,
+	) -> Result<(usize, usize)> {
+		Ok(match kind {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => {
 				ensure!(uri.is_none() && urn.is_none(), "Regular scheme cannot have ports");
-				None
+				(path.name().is_some() as usize, path.name().is_some() as usize)
 			}
-			SchemeRef::Search(_) => {
+			SchemeKind::Search => {
 				let (uri, urn) = (uri.unwrap_or(0), urn.unwrap_or(0));
 				ensure!(uri == urn, "Search scheme requires URI and URN to be equal");
-				Some((uri, urn))
+				(uri, urn)
 			}
-			SchemeRef::Archive(_) => Some((uri.unwrap_or(0), urn.unwrap_or(0))),
-			SchemeRef::Sftp(_) => {
-				let uri = uri.unwrap_or(path.as_os_str().is_empty().not() as usize);
-				let urn = urn.unwrap_or(path.file_name().is_some() as usize);
-				Some((uri, urn))
+			SchemeKind::Archive => (uri.unwrap_or(0), urn.unwrap_or(0)),
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => {
+				let uri = uri.unwrap_or(path.name().is_some() as usize);
+				let urn = urn.unwrap_or(path.name().is_some() as usize);
+				(uri, urn)
 			}
 		})
 	}
+
+	pub fn retrieve_ports(url: Url) -> (usize, usize) {
+		match url {
+			Url::Regular(loc) => (loc.file_name().is_some() as usize, loc.file_name().is_some() as usize),
+			Url::Search { loc, .. } => (loc.uri().components().count(), loc.urn().components().count()),
+			Url::Archive { loc, .. } => (loc.uri().components().count(), loc.urn().components().count()),
+			Url::Sftp { loc, .. } => (loc.uri().components().count(), loc.urn().components().count()),
+		}
+	}
 }
 
-impl SchemeCow<'_> {
+impl<'a> SchemeCow<'a> {
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn into_owned(self) -> Scheme { self.into() }
+	pub fn into_domain(self) -> Option<SymbolCow<'a, str>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			SchemeCow::Borrowed(s) => s.domain()?.into(),
+			SchemeCow::Owned(s) => s.into_domain()?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn into_owned(self) -> Scheme {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(s) => s.to_owned(),
+			Self::Owned(s) => s,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn with_ports(self, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(s) => s.with_ports(uri, urn).into(),
+			Self::Owned(s) => s.with_ports(uri, urn).into(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn zeroed(self) -> Self { self.with_ports(0, 0) }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/encode.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/encode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c51e28ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/encode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+
+use percent_encoding::{AsciiSet, CONTROLS, PercentEncode, percent_encode};
+
+use crate::{scheme::SchemeKind, url::Url};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Encode<'a>(pub Url<'a>);
+
+impl<'a> From<crate::url::Encode<'a>> for Encode<'a> {
+	fn from(value: crate::url::Encode<'a>) -> Self { Self(value.0) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Encode<'a> {
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn domain<'s>(s: &'s str) -> PercentEncode<'s> {
+		const SET: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b'/').add(b':');
+		percent_encode(s.as_bytes(), SET)
+	}
+
+	pub(crate) fn ports(self) -> impl Display {
+		struct D<'a>(Encode<'a>);
+
+		impl Display for D<'_> {
+			fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+				macro_rules! w {
+					($default_uri:expr, $default_urn:expr) => {{
+						let (uri, urn) = self.0.0.scheme().ports();
+						match (uri != $default_uri, urn != $default_urn) {
+							(true, true) => write!(f, ":{uri}:{urn}"),
+							(true, false) => write!(f, ":{uri}"),
+							(false, true) => write!(f, "::{urn}"),
+							(false, false) => Ok(()),
+						}
+					}};
+				}
+
+				match self.0.0.kind() {
+					SchemeKind::Regular => Ok(()),
+					SchemeKind::Search | SchemeKind::Archive => w!(0, 0),
+					SchemeKind::Sftp => {
+						w!(self.0.0.loc().name().is_some() as usize, self.0.0.loc().name().is_some() as usize)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		D(self)
+	}
+}
+
+impl Display for Encode<'_> {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+		match self.0 {
+			Url::Regular(_) => write!(f, "regular://"),
+			Url::Search { domain, .. } => write!(f, "search://{}{}/", Self::domain(domain), self.ports()),
+			Url::Archive { domain, .. } => {
+				write!(f, "archive://{}{}/", Self::domain(domain), self.ports())
+			}
+			Url::Sftp { domain, .. } => write!(f, "sftp://{}{}/", Self::domain(domain), self.ports()),
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/kind.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/kind.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88bccc30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/kind.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+
+use crate::{BytesExt, scheme::{AsScheme, SchemeRef}};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub enum SchemeKind {
+	Regular,
+	Search,
+	Archive,
+	Sftp,
+}
+
+impl<T> From<T> for SchemeKind
+where
+	T: AsScheme,
+{
+	fn from(value: T) -> Self {
+		match value.as_scheme() {
+			SchemeRef::Regular { .. } => Self::Regular,
+			SchemeRef::Search { .. } => Self::Search,
+			SchemeRef::Archive { .. } => Self::Archive,
+			SchemeRef::Sftp { .. } => Self::Sftp,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for SchemeKind {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		match value {
+			b"regular" => Ok(Self::Regular),
+			b"search" => Ok(Self::Search),
+			b"archive" => Ok(Self::Archive),
+			b"sftp" => Ok(Self::Sftp),
+			_ => bail!("invalid scheme kind: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(value)),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl SchemeKind {
+	#[inline]
+	pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular => "regular",
+			Self::Search => "search",
+			Self::Archive => "archive",
+			Self::Sftp => "sftp",
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_local(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular | Self::Search => true,
+			Self::Archive | Self::Sftp => false,
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_remote(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular | Self::Search | Self::Archive => false,
+			Self::Sftp => true,
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_virtual(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular | Self::Search => false,
+			Self::Archive | Self::Sftp => true,
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub(super) const fn offset(self, tilde: bool) -> usize {
+		3 + self.as_str().len() + tilde as usize
+	}
+
+	pub fn parse(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<(Self, bool)>> {
+		let Some((kind, _)) = bytes.split_seq_once(b"://") else {
+			return Ok(None);
+		};
+
+		Ok(Some(if let Some(stripped) = kind.strip_suffix(b"~") {
+			(Self::try_from(stripped)?, true)
+		} else {
+			(Self::try_from(kind)?, false)
+		}))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/mod.rs
index 60bc0744..f65b6204 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cow r#ref scheme traits);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cow encode kind r#ref scheme traits);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/ref.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/ref.rs
index 06cf2961..a6a69beb 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/ref.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/ref.rs
@@ -1,47 +1,47 @@
-use crate::{pool::InternStr, scheme::{AsScheme, Scheme}};
+use std::{hash::Hash, ops::Deref};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+use crate::{pool::InternStr, scheme::{AsScheme, Scheme, SchemeKind}};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub enum SchemeRef<'a> {
-	#[default]
-	Regular,
+	Regular { uri: usize, urn: usize },
+	Search { domain: &'a str, uri: usize, urn: usize },
+	Archive { domain: &'a str, uri: usize, urn: usize },
+	Sftp { domain: &'a str, uri: usize, urn: usize },
+}
 
-	Search(&'a str),
+impl Deref for SchemeRef<'_> {
+	type Target = SchemeKind;
 
-	Archive(&'a str),
+	#[inline]
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular { .. } => &SchemeKind::Regular,
+			Self::Search { .. } => &SchemeKind::Search,
+			Self::Archive { .. } => &SchemeKind::Archive,
+			Self::Sftp { .. } => &SchemeKind::Sftp,
+		}
+	}
+}
 
-	Sftp(&'a str),
+impl Hash for SchemeRef<'_> {
+	fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+		self.kind().hash(state);
+		self.domain().hash(state);
+	}
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<SchemeRef<'_>> for SchemeRef<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &SchemeRef) -> bool {
+		self.kind() == other.kind() && self.domain() == other.domain()
+	}
 }
 
 impl From<SchemeRef<'_>> for Scheme {
-	fn from(value: SchemeRef) -> Self {
-		match value {
-			SchemeRef::Regular => Self::Regular,
-			SchemeRef::Search(d) => Self::Search(d.intern()),
-			SchemeRef::Archive(d) => Self::Archive(d.intern()),
-			SchemeRef::Sftp(d) => Self::Sftp(d.intern()),
-		}
-	}
+	fn from(value: SchemeRef) -> Self { value.to_owned() }
 }
 
 impl<'a> SchemeRef<'a> {
-	#[inline]
-	pub const fn kind(self) -> &'static str {
-		match self {
-			Self::Regular => "regular",
-			Self::Search(_) => "search",
-			Self::Archive(_) => "archive",
-			Self::Sftp(_) => "sftp",
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub const fn domain(self) -> Option<&'a str> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Regular => None,
-			Self::Search(s) | Self::Archive(s) | Self::Sftp(s) => Some(s),
-		}
-	}
-
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn covariant(self, other: impl AsScheme) -> bool {
 		let other = other.as_scheme();
@@ -49,26 +49,53 @@ impl<'a> SchemeRef<'a> {
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_local(self) -> bool {
+	pub const fn domain(self) -> Option<&'a str> {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular | Self::Search(_) => true,
-			Self::Archive(_) | Self::Sftp(_) => false,
+			Self::Regular { .. } => None,
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } | Self::Archive { domain, .. } | Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => {
+				Some(domain)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_remote(self) -> bool {
+	pub const fn kind(self) -> SchemeKind {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular | Self::Search(_) | Self::Archive(_) => false,
-			Self::Sftp(_) => true,
+			Self::Regular { .. } => SchemeKind::Regular,
+			Self::Search { .. } => SchemeKind::Search,
+			Self::Archive { .. } => SchemeKind::Archive,
+			Self::Sftp { .. } => SchemeKind::Sftp,
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_virtual(self) -> bool {
+	pub const fn ports(self) -> (usize, usize) {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular | Self::Search(_) => false,
-			Self::Archive(_) | Self::Sftp(_) => true,
+			Self::Regular { uri, urn } => (uri, urn),
+			Self::Search { uri, urn, .. } => (uri, urn),
+			Self::Archive { uri, urn, .. } => (uri, urn),
+			Self::Sftp { uri, urn, .. } => (uri, urn),
 		}
 	}
+
+	pub fn to_owned(self) -> Scheme {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular { uri, urn } => Scheme::Regular { uri, urn },
+			Self::Search { domain, uri, urn } => Scheme::Search { domain: domain.intern(), uri, urn },
+			Self::Archive { domain, uri, urn } => Scheme::Archive { domain: domain.intern(), uri, urn },
+			Self::Sftp { domain, uri, urn } => Scheme::Sftp { domain: domain.intern(), uri, urn },
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub const fn with_ports(self, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular { .. } => Self::Regular { uri, urn },
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } => Self::Search { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } => Self::Archive { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => Self::Sftp { domain, uri, urn },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub const fn zeroed(self) -> Self { self.with_ports(0, 0) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/scheme.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/scheme.rs
index a7d54fe6..1d5961f3 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/scheme.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/scheme.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,12 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
 use crate::{pool::Symbol, scheme::{AsScheme, SchemeRef}};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Scheme {
-	#[default]
-	Regular,
-
-	Search(Symbol<str>),
-
-	Archive(Symbol<str>),
-
-	Sftp(Symbol<str>),
+	Regular { uri: usize, urn: usize },
+	Search { domain: Symbol<str>, uri: usize, urn: usize },
+	Archive { domain: Symbol<str>, uri: usize, urn: usize },
+	Sftp { domain: Symbol<str>, uri: usize, urn: usize },
 }
 
 impl Hash for Scheme {
@@ -21,3 +17,28 @@ impl Hash for Scheme {
 impl PartialEq<SchemeRef<'_>> for Scheme {
 	fn eq(&self, other: &SchemeRef<'_>) -> bool { self.as_scheme() == *other }
 }
+
+impl Scheme {
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn into_domain(self) -> Option<Symbol<str>> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular { .. } => None,
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } | Self::Archive { domain, .. } | Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => {
+				Some(domain)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn with_ports(self, uri: usize, urn: usize) -> Self {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular { .. } => Self::Regular { uri, urn },
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } => Self::Search { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } => Self::Archive { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => Self::Sftp { domain, uri, urn },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn zeroed(self) -> Self { self.with_ports(0, 0) }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/traits.rs b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/traits.rs
index e4a2b477..b8c64c21 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/scheme/traits.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/scheme/traits.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::scheme::{Scheme, SchemeCow, SchemeRef};
+use crate::scheme::{Scheme, SchemeCow, SchemeKind, SchemeRef};
 
 pub trait AsScheme {
 	fn as_scheme(&self) -> SchemeRef<'_>;
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ impl AsScheme for SchemeRef<'_> {
 impl AsScheme for Scheme {
 	#[inline]
 	fn as_scheme(&self) -> SchemeRef<'_> {
-		match self {
-			Scheme::Regular => SchemeRef::Regular,
-			Scheme::Search(d) => SchemeRef::Search(d),
-			Scheme::Archive(d) => SchemeRef::Archive(d),
-			Scheme::Sftp(d) => SchemeRef::Sftp(d),
+		match *self {
+			Self::Regular { uri, urn } => SchemeRef::Regular { uri, urn },
+			Self::Search { ref domain, uri, urn } => SchemeRef::Search { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Archive { ref domain, uri, urn } => SchemeRef::Archive { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Sftp { ref domain, uri, urn } => SchemeRef::Sftp { domain, uri, urn },
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub trait SchemeLike
 where
 	Self: AsScheme + Sized,
 {
-	fn kind(&self) -> &'static str { self.as_scheme().kind() }
+	fn kind(&self) -> SchemeKind { *self.as_scheme() }
 
 	fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str> { self.as_scheme().domain() }
 
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/shell/error.rs b/yazi-shared/src/shell/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a151602d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/shell/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SplitError {
+	#[error("missing closing single quote")]
+	MissingSingleQuote,
+	#[error("missing closing double quote")]
+	MissingDoubleQuote,
+	#[error("missing quote after escape slash")]
+	MissingQuoteAfterSlash,
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/shell/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/shell/mod.rs
index c2e4abcc..69ecf016 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/shell/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/shell/mod.rs
@@ -1,31 +1,27 @@
 //! Escape characters that may have special meaning in a shell, including
-//! spaces. This is a modified version of the [`shell-escape`], [`shell-words`]
-//! and [`this PR`].
+//! spaces. This is a modified version of the [`shell-escape`], [`shell-words`],
+//! [Rust std] and [this PR].
 //!
 //! [`shell-escape`]: https://crates.io/crates/shell-escape
 //! [`shell-words`]: https://crates.io/crates/shell-words
-//! [`this PR`]: https://github.com/sfackler/shell-escape/pull/9
+//! [Rust std]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/main/library/std/src/sys/args/windows.rs#L220
+//! [this PR]: https://github.com/sfackler/shell-escape/pull/9
 
 use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr};
 
-mod unix;
-mod windows;
+yazi_macro::mod_pub!(unix, windows);
+
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(error);
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn escape_unix(s: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> { unix::escape_str(s) }
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn escape_windows(s: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> { windows::escape_str(s) }
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn escape_native(s: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
+pub fn escape_os_bytes(b: &[u8]) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
 	#[cfg(unix)]
 	{
-		escape_unix(s)
+		unix::escape_os_bytes(b)
 	}
 	#[cfg(windows)]
 	{
-		escape_windows(s)
+		windows::escape_os_bytes(b)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -40,22 +36,3 @@ pub fn escape_os_str(s: &OsStr) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> {
 		windows::escape_os_str(s)
 	}
 }
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn split_unix(s: &str, eoo: bool) -> anyhow::Result<(Vec<String>, Option<String>)> {
-	unix::split(s, eoo).map_err(|()| anyhow::anyhow!("missing closing quote"))
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-pub fn split_windows(s: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<String>> { Ok(windows::split(s)?) }
-
-pub fn split_native(s: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<String>> {
-	#[cfg(unix)]
-	{
-		Ok(split_unix(s, false)?.0)
-	}
-	#[cfg(windows)]
-	{
-		split_windows(s)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/shell/unix.rs b/yazi-shared/src/shell/unix.rs
index 75d1b47e..42364c81 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/shell/unix.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/shell/unix.rs
@@ -1,40 +1,25 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, mem};
 
-pub fn escape_str(s: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
-	match escape_slice(s.as_bytes()) {
-		Cow::Borrowed(_) => Cow::Borrowed(s),
-		Cow::Owned(v) => String::from_utf8(v).expect("Invalid bytes returned by escape_slice()").into(),
-	}
-}
+use crate::shell::SplitError;
 
-#[cfg(unix)]
-pub fn escape_os_str(s: &std::ffi::OsStr) -> Cow<'_, std::ffi::OsStr> {
-	use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt, OsStringExt};
-
-	match escape_slice(s.as_bytes()) {
-		Cow::Borrowed(_) => Cow::Borrowed(s),
-		Cow::Owned(v) => std::ffi::OsString::from_vec(v).into(),
-	}
-}
-
-fn escape_slice(s: &[u8]) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
-	if !s.is_empty() && s.iter().copied().all(allowed) {
-		return Cow::Borrowed(s);
+pub fn escape_os_bytes(b: &[u8]) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
+	if !b.is_empty() && b.iter().copied().all(allowed) {
+		return Cow::Borrowed(b);
 	}
 
-	let mut escaped = Vec::with_capacity(s.len() + 2);
+	let mut escaped = Vec::with_capacity(b.len() + 2);
 	escaped.push(b'\'');
 
-	for &b in s {
-		match b {
+	for &c in b {
+		match c {
 			b'\'' | b'!' => {
 				escaped.reserve(4);
 				escaped.push(b'\'');
 				escaped.push(b'\\');
-				escaped.push(b);
+				escaped.push(c);
 				escaped.push(b'\'');
 			}
-			_ => escaped.push(b),
+			_ => escaped.push(c),
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -42,11 +27,21 @@ fn escape_slice(s: &[u8]) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
 	escaped.into()
 }
 
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub fn escape_os_str(s: &std::ffi::OsStr) -> Cow<'_, std::ffi::OsStr> {
+	use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt, OsStringExt};
+
+	match escape_os_bytes(s.as_bytes()) {
+		Cow::Borrowed(_) => Cow::Borrowed(s),
+		Cow::Owned(v) => std::ffi::OsString::from_vec(v).into(),
+	}
+}
+
 fn allowed(b: u8) -> bool {
 	matches!(b, b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'-' | b'_' | b'=' | b'/' | b',' | b'.' | b'+')
 }
 
-pub fn split(s: &str, eoo: bool) -> Result<(Vec<String>, Option<String>), ()> {
+pub fn split(s: &str, eoo: bool) -> Result<(Vec<String>, Option<String>), SplitError> {
 	enum State {
 		/// Within a delimiter.
 		Delimiter,
@@ -138,7 +133,7 @@ pub fn split(s: &str, eoo: bool) -> Result<(Vec<String>, Option<String>), ()> {
 				}
 			},
 			SingleQuoted => match c {
-				None => return Err(()),
+				None => return Err(SplitError::MissingSingleQuote),
 				Some('\'') => Unquoted,
 				Some(c) => {
 					word.push(c);
@@ -146,7 +141,7 @@ pub fn split(s: &str, eoo: bool) -> Result<(Vec<String>, Option<String>), ()> {
 				}
 			},
 			DoubleQuoted => match c {
-				None => return Err(()),
+				None => return Err(SplitError::MissingDoubleQuote),
 				Some('\"') => Unquoted,
 				Some('\\') => DoubleQuotedBackslash,
 				Some(c) => {
@@ -155,7 +150,7 @@ pub fn split(s: &str, eoo: bool) -> Result<(Vec<String>, Option<String>), ()> {
 				}
 			},
 			DoubleQuotedBackslash => match c {
-				None => return Err(()),
+				None => return Err(SplitError::MissingQuoteAfterSlash),
 				Some('\n') => DoubleQuoted,
 				Some(c @ '$') | Some(c @ '`') | Some(c @ '"') | Some(c @ '\\') => {
 					word.push(c);
@@ -183,47 +178,25 @@ mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 
 	#[test]
-	fn test_escape_str() {
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(""), r#"''"#);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(" "), r#"' '"#);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str("*"), r#"'*'"#);
+	fn test_escape_os_bytes() {
+		let cases: &[(&[u8], &[u8])] = &[
+			(b"", br#"''"#),
+			(b" ", br#"' '"#),
+			(b"*", br#"'*'"#),
+			(b"--aaa=bbb-ccc", b"--aaa=bbb-ccc"),
+			(br#"--features="default""#, br#"'--features="default"'"#),
+			(b"linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar", br#"'linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar'"#),
+			(
+				b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_=/,.+",
+				b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_=/,.+",
+			),
+			(br#"'!\$`\\\n "#, br#"''\'''\!'\$`\\\n '"#),
+			(&[0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f], &[b'\'', 0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f, b'\'']),
+		];
 
-		assert_eq!(escape_str("--aaa=bbb-ccc"), "--aaa=bbb-ccc");
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(r#"--features="default""#), r#"'--features="default"'"#);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str("linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar"), r#"'linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar'"#);
-
-		assert_eq!(
-			escape_str("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_=/,.+"),
-			"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_=/,.+",
-		);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(r#"'!\$`\\\n "#), r#"''\'''\!'\$`\\\n '"#);
-	}
-
-	#[cfg(unix)]
-	#[test]
-	fn test_escape_os_str() {
-		use std::{ffi::OsStr, os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt};
-
-		fn from_str(input: &str, expected: &str) { from_bytes(input.as_bytes(), expected.as_bytes()) }
-
-		fn from_bytes(input: &[u8], expected: &[u8]) {
-			assert_eq!(escape_os_str(OsStr::from_bytes(input)), OsStr::from_bytes(expected));
+		for &(input, expected) in cases {
+			let escaped = escape_os_bytes(input);
+			assert_eq!(escaped, expected, "Failed to escape: {:?}", String::from_utf8_lossy(input));
 		}
-
-		from_str("", r#"''"#);
-		from_str(" ", r#"' '"#);
-		from_str("*", r#"'*'"#);
-
-		from_str("--aaa=bbb-ccc", "--aaa=bbb-ccc");
-		from_str(r#"--features="default""#, r#"'--features="default"'"#);
-		from_str("linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar", r#"'linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar'"#);
-
-		from_str(
-			"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_=/,.+",
-			"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_=/,.+",
-		);
-		from_str(r#"'!\$`\\\n "#, r#"''\'''\!'\$`\\\n '"#);
-
-		from_bytes(&[0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f], &[b'\'', 0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f, b'\'']);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/shell/windows.rs b/yazi-shared/src/shell/windows.rs
index aa142e39..ad25beee 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/shell/windows.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/shell/windows.rs
@@ -1,82 +1,68 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, iter::repeat_n};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
-pub fn escape_str(s: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
-	let bytes = s.as_bytes();
-	if !bytes.is_empty() && !bytes.iter().any(|&c| matches!(c, b' ' | b'"' | b'\n' | b'\t')) {
-		return Cow::Borrowed(s);
+pub fn escape_os_bytes(b: &[u8]) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
+	let quote = needs_quotes(b);
+	let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(b.len() + quote as usize * 2);
+
+	if quote {
+		buf.push(b'"');
 	}
 
-	let mut escaped = Vec::with_capacity(bytes.len() + 2);
-	escaped.push(b'"');
-
-	let mut chars = bytes.iter().copied().peekable();
-	loop {
-		let mut slashes = 0;
-		while chars.next_if_eq(&b'\\').is_some() {
-			slashes += 1;
-		}
-		match chars.next() {
-			Some(b'"') => {
-				escaped.reserve(slashes * 2 + 2);
-				escaped.extend(repeat_n(b'\\', slashes * 2 + 1));
-				escaped.push(b'"');
-			}
-			Some(b) => {
-				escaped.reserve(slashes + 1);
-				escaped.extend(repeat_n(b'\\', slashes));
-				escaped.push(b);
-			}
-			None => {
-				escaped.reserve(slashes * 2);
-				escaped.extend(repeat_n(b'\\', slashes * 2));
-				break;
-			}
+	// Loop through the string, escaping `\` only if followed by `"`.
+	// And escaping `"` by doubling them.
+	let mut backslashes: usize = 0;
+	for &c in b {
+		if c == b'\\' {
+			backslashes += 1;
+		} else {
+			if c == b'"' {
+				buf.extend((0..backslashes).map(|_| b'\\'));
+				buf.push(b'"');
+			} else if c == b'%' {
+				buf.extend_from_slice(b"%%cd:~,");
+			} else if c == b'\r' || c == b'\n' {
+				buf.extend_from_slice(b"%=%");
+				backslashes = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			backslashes = 0;
 		}
+		buf.push(c);
 	}
 
-	escaped.push(b'"');
-	Cow::Owned(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(escaped) })
+	if quote {
+		buf.extend((0..backslashes).map(|_| b'\\'));
+		buf.push(b'"');
+	}
+
+	buf.into()
 }
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub fn escape_os_str(s: &std::ffi::OsStr) -> Cow<'_, std::ffi::OsStr> {
-	use std::os::windows::ffi::{OsStrExt, OsStringExt};
+	use crate::wtf8::FromWtf8Vec;
 
-	let wide = s.encode_wide();
-	if !s.is_empty() && !wide.clone().into_iter().any(disallowed) {
-		return Cow::Borrowed(s);
+	match escape_os_bytes(s.as_encoded_bytes()) {
+		Cow::Borrowed(_) => Cow::Borrowed(s),
+		Cow::Owned(v) => std::ffi::OsString::from_wtf8_vec(v).expect("valid WTF-8").into(),
+	}
+}
+
+fn needs_quotes(arg: &[u8]) -> bool {
+	static UNQUOTED: &[u8] = br"#$*+-./:?@\_";
+
+	if arg.is_empty() || arg.last() == Some(&b'\\') {
+		return true;
 	}
 
-	let mut escaped: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(s.len() + 2);
-	escaped.push(b'"' as _);
-
-	let mut chars = wide.into_iter().peekable();
-	loop {
-		let mut slashes = 0;
-		while chars.next_if_eq(&(b'\\' as _)).is_some() {
-			slashes += 1;
-		}
-		match chars.next() {
-			Some(c) if c == b'"' as _ => {
-				escaped.reserve(slashes * 2 + 2);
-				escaped.extend(repeat_n(b'\\' as u16, slashes * 2 + 1));
-				escaped.push(b'"' as _);
-			}
-			Some(c) => {
-				escaped.reserve(slashes + 1);
-				escaped.extend(repeat_n(b'\\' as u16, slashes));
-				escaped.push(c);
-			}
-			None => {
-				escaped.reserve(slashes * 2);
-				escaped.extend(repeat_n(b'\\' as u16, slashes * 2));
-				break;
-			}
+	for c in arg {
+		if c.is_ascii_control() {
+			return true;
+		} else if c.is_ascii() && !(c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || UNQUOTED.contains(c)) {
+			return true;
 		}
 	}
-
-	escaped.push(b'"' as _);
-	std::ffi::OsString::from_wide(&escaped).into()
+	false
 }
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
@@ -84,11 +70,11 @@ pub fn split(s: &str) -> std::io::Result<Vec<String>> {
 	use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;
 
 	let s: Vec<_> = std::ffi::OsStr::new(s).encode_wide().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect();
-	split_slice(&s)
+	split_wide(&s)
 }
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
-fn split_slice(s: &[u16]) -> std::io::Result<Vec<String>> {
+fn split_wide(s: &[u16]) -> std::io::Result<Vec<String>> {
 	use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
 
 	use windows_sys::{Win32::{Foundation::LocalFree, UI::Shell::CommandLineToArgvW}, core::PCWSTR};
@@ -114,31 +100,36 @@ fn split_slice(s: &[u16]) -> std::io::Result<Vec<String>> {
 	Ok(res)
 }
 
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn disallowed(b: u16) -> bool {
-	match char::from_u32(b as u32) {
-		Some(c) => matches!(c, ' ' | '"' | '\n' | '\t'),
-		None => true,
-	}
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 
 	#[test]
-	fn test_escape_str() {
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(""), r#""""#);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(r#""""#), r#""\"\"""#);
+	fn test_escape_os_bytes() {
+		let cases: &[(&[u8], &[u8])] = &[
+			// Empty string
+			(b"", br#""""#),
+			(br#""""#, br#""""""""#),
+			// No escaping needed
+			(b"--aaa=bbb-ccc", br#""--aaa=bbb-ccc""#),
+			// Paths with spaces
+			(br#"\path\to\my documents\"#, br#""\path\to\my documents\\""#),
+			// Strings with quotes
+			(br#"--features="default""#, br#""--features=""default""""#),
+			// Nested quotes
+			(br#""--features=\"default\"""#, br#""""--features=\\""default\\""""""#),
+			// Complex command
+			(b"linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar", br#""linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar""#),
+			// Variable expansion
+			(b"%APPDATA%.txt", br#""%%cd:~,%APPDATA%%cd:~,%.txt""#),
+			// Unicode characters
+			("이것은 테스트".as_bytes(), r#""이것은 테스트""#.as_bytes()),
+		];
 
-		assert_eq!(escape_str("--aaa=bbb-ccc"), "--aaa=bbb-ccc");
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(r#"\path\to\my documents\"#), r#""\path\to\my documents\\""#);
-
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(r#"--features="default""#), r#""--features=\"default\"""#);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str(r#""--features=\"default\"""#), r#""\"--features=\\\"default\\\"\"""#);
-		assert_eq!(escape_str("linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar"), r#""linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar""#);
-
-		assert_eq!(escape_str("이것은 테스트"), r#""이것은 테스트""#);
+		for &(input, expected) in cases {
+			let escaped = escape_os_bytes(input);
+			assert_eq!(escaped, expected, "Failed to escape: {:?}", String::from_utf8_lossy(input));
+		}
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(windows)]
@@ -146,41 +137,23 @@ mod tests {
 	fn test_escape_os_str() {
 		use std::{ffi::OsString, os::windows::ffi::OsStringExt};
 
-		fn from_str(input: &str, expected: &str) {
-			let observed = OsString::from(input);
-			let expected = OsString::from(expected);
-			assert_eq!(escape_os_str(observed.as_os_str()), expected.as_os_str());
+		#[rustfmt::skip]
+		let cases: &[(OsString, OsString)] = &[
+			// Surrogate pairs and special characters
+			(
+				OsString::from_wide(&[0x1055, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065]),
+				OsString::from_wide(&[0x1055, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065]),
+			),
+			// Surrogate pair with quotes
+			(
+				OsString::from_wide(&[0xd801, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065]),
+				OsString::from_wide(&[0xd801, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065]),
+			),
+		];
+
+		for (input, expected) in cases {
+			let escaped = escape_os_str(&input);
+			assert_eq!(&*escaped, expected, "Failed to escape: {:?}", input.to_string_lossy());
 		}
-
-		fn from_bytes(input: &[u16], expected: &[u16]) {
-			let observed = OsString::from_wide(input);
-			let expected = OsString::from_wide(expected);
-			assert_eq!(escape_os_str(observed.as_os_str()), expected.as_os_str());
-		}
-
-		from_str("", r#""""#);
-		from_str(r#""""#, r#""\"\"""#);
-
-		from_str("--aaa=bbb-ccc", "--aaa=bbb-ccc");
-		from_str(r#"\path\to\my documents\"#, r#""\path\to\my documents\\""#);
-
-		from_str(r#"--features="default""#, r#""--features=\"default\"""#);
-		from_str(r#""--features=\"default\"""#, r#""\"--features=\\\"default\\\"\"""#);
-		from_str("linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar", r#""linker=gcc -L/foo -Wl,bar""#);
-
-		from_bytes(&[0x1055, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065], &[
-			0x1055, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065,
-		]);
-		from_bytes(&[0xd801, 0x006e, 0x0069, 0x0063, 0x006f, 0x0064, 0x0065], &[
-			b'"' as u16,
-			0xd801,
-			0x006e,
-			0x0069,
-			0x0063,
-			0x006f,
-			0x0064,
-			0x0065,
-			b'"' as u16,
-		]);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/source.rs b/yazi-shared/src/source.rs
index 05d75447..f966af5a 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/source.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/source.rs
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ pub enum Source {
 	Unknown,
 
 	Key,
-	Ind,
-
 	Emit,
-	EmitInd,
-
 	Relay,
-	RelayInd,
+
+	Ind,
 }
 
 impl Source {
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn is_key(self) -> bool { self == Self::Key }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_ind(self) -> bool { self == Self::Ind }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/buf.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/buf.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b513bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/buf.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsString, hash::{Hash, Hasher}};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::{path::PathDyn, strand::{AsStrand, Strand, StrandCow, StrandError, StrandKind}, wtf8::FromWtf8Vec};
+
+// --- StrandBuf
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq)]
+pub enum StrandBuf {
+	Os(OsString),
+	Utf8(String),
+	Bytes(Vec<u8>),
+}
+
+impl Default for StrandBuf {
+	fn default() -> Self { Self::Utf8(String::new()) }
+}
+
+impl From<OsString> for StrandBuf {
+	fn from(value: OsString) -> Self { Self::Os(value) }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for StrandBuf {
+	fn from(value: &str) -> Self { Self::Utf8(value.to_owned()) }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for StrandBuf {
+	fn from(value: String) -> Self { Self::Utf8(value) }
+}
+
+impl From<PathDyn<'_>> for StrandBuf {
+	fn from(value: PathDyn) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			PathDyn::Os(p) => Self::Os(p.as_os_str().to_owned()),
+			PathDyn::Unix(p) => Self::Bytes(p.as_bytes().to_owned()),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<StrandCow<'_>> for StrandBuf {
+	fn from(value: StrandCow<'_>) -> Self { value.into_owned() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for StrandBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.as_strand() == other.as_strand() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<Strand<'_>> for StrandBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Strand<'_>) -> bool { self.as_strand() == *other }
+}
+
+impl Hash for StrandBuf {
+	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.as_strand().hash(state); }
+}
+
+impl StrandBuf {
+	pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(buf) => buf.clear(),
+			Self::Utf8(buf) => buf.clear(),
+			Self::Bytes(buf) => buf.clear(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(kind: impl Into<StrandKind>, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+		match kind.into() {
+			StrandKind::Utf8 => Self::Utf8(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) }),
+			StrandKind::Os => Self::Os(unsafe { OsString::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) }),
+			StrandKind::Bytes => Self::Bytes(bytes),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => s.into_encoded_bytes(),
+			Self::Utf8(s) => s.into_bytes(),
+			Self::Bytes(b) => b,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => match s.to_string_lossy() {
+				Cow::Borrowed(_) => unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(s.into_encoded_bytes()) },
+				Cow::Owned(s) => s,
+			},
+			Self::Utf8(s) => s,
+			Self::Bytes(b) => match String::from_utf8_lossy(&b) {
+				Cow::Borrowed(_) => unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(b) },
+				Cow::Owned(s) => s,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn new(kind: impl Into<StrandKind>) -> Self { Self::with_str(kind, "") }
+
+	pub fn push_str(&mut self, s: impl AsRef<str>) {
+		let s = s.as_ref();
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(buf) => buf.push(s),
+			Self::Utf8(buf) => buf.push_str(s),
+			Self::Bytes(buf) => buf.extend(s.as_bytes()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(buf) => buf.reserve_exact(additional),
+			Self::Utf8(buf) => buf.reserve_exact(additional),
+			Self::Bytes(buf) => buf.reserve_exact(additional),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_push<T>(&mut self, s: T) -> Result<(), StrandError>
+	where
+		T: AsStrand,
+	{
+		let s = s.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Os(buf) => buf.push(s.as_os()?),
+			Self::Utf8(buf) => buf.push_str(s.as_utf8()?),
+			Self::Bytes(buf) => buf.extend(s.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn with<K>(kind: K, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self>
+	where
+		K: Into<StrandKind>,
+	{
+		Ok(match kind.into() {
+			StrandKind::Utf8 => Self::Utf8(String::from_utf8(bytes)?),
+			StrandKind::Os => Self::Os(OsString::from_wtf8_vec(bytes)?),
+			StrandKind::Bytes => Self::Bytes(bytes),
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn with_capacity<K>(kind: K, capacity: usize) -> Self
+	where
+		K: Into<StrandKind>,
+	{
+		match kind.into() {
+			StrandKind::Utf8 => Self::Utf8(String::with_capacity(capacity)),
+			StrandKind::Os => Self::Os(OsString::with_capacity(capacity)),
+			StrandKind::Bytes => Self::Bytes(Vec::with_capacity(capacity)),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn with_str<K, S>(kind: K, s: S) -> Self
+	where
+		K: Into<StrandKind>,
+		S: Into<String>,
+	{
+		let s = s.into();
+		match kind.into() {
+			StrandKind::Utf8 => Self::Utf8(s),
+			StrandKind::Os => Self::Os(s.into()),
+			StrandKind::Bytes => Self::Bytes(s.into_bytes()),
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/conversion.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/conversion.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e46e012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/conversion.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}};
+
+use crate::{path::{PathBufDyn, PathCow, PathDyn}, strand::{Strand, StrandBuf, StrandCow}, url::AsUrl};
+
+// --- AsStrand
+pub trait AsStrand {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_>;
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for [u8] {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Bytes(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &[u8] {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Bytes(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for str {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Utf8(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &str {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Utf8(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for String {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Utf8(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &String {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Utf8(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for OsStr {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Os(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &OsStr {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Os(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for OsString {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Os(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &std::path::Path {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Os(self.as_os_str()) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &std::path::PathBuf {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Os(self.as_os_str()) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &typed_path::UnixPath {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Bytes(self.as_bytes()) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for crate::path::Components<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { self.strand() }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for Cow<'_, [u8]> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Bytes(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for Cow<'_, OsStr> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { Strand::Os(self) }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for PathDyn<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Strand::Os(p.as_os_str()),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Strand::Bytes(p.as_bytes()),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for PathBufDyn {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(p) => Strand::Os(p.as_os_str()),
+			Self::Unix(p) => Strand::Bytes(p.as_bytes()),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &PathBufDyn {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { (**self).as_strand() }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for PathCow<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(p) => p.as_strand(),
+			Self::Owned(p) => p.as_strand(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &PathCow<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { (**self).as_strand() }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for Strand<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { *self }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for StrandBuf {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => Strand::Os(s),
+			Self::Utf8(s) => Strand::Utf8(s),
+			Self::Bytes(b) => Strand::Bytes(b),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &StrandBuf {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { (**self).as_strand() }
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for StrandCow<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> {
+		match self {
+			StrandCow::Borrowed(s) => *s,
+			StrandCow::Owned(s) => s.as_strand(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl AsStrand for &StrandCow<'_> {
+	fn as_strand(&self) -> Strand<'_> { (**self).as_strand() }
+}
+
+// --- ToStrand
+pub trait ToStrand {
+	fn to_strand(&self) -> StrandCow<'_>;
+}
+
+impl ToStrand for String {
+	fn to_strand(&self) -> StrandCow<'_> { self.as_strand().into() }
+}
+
+impl<T> ToStrand for T
+where
+	T: AsUrl,
+{
+	fn to_strand(&self) -> StrandCow<'_> { self.as_url().components().strand() }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/cow.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/cow.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a2de3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/cow.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::strand::{AsStrand, Strand, StrandBuf, StrandKind};
+
+pub enum StrandCow<'a> {
+	Borrowed(Strand<'a>),
+	Owned(StrandBuf),
+}
+
+impl Default for StrandCow<'_> {
+	fn default() -> Self { Self::Borrowed(Strand::default()) }
+}
+
+impl From<OsString> for StrandCow<'_> {
+	fn from(value: OsString) -> Self { Self::Owned(StrandBuf::Os(value)) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for StrandCow<'a> {
+	fn from(value: Cow<'a, OsStr>) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			Cow::Borrowed(s) => Self::Borrowed(Strand::Os(s)),
+			Cow::Owned(s) => Self::Owned(StrandBuf::Os(s)),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<Strand<'a>> for StrandCow<'a> {
+	fn from(value: Strand<'a>) -> Self { Self::Borrowed(value) }
+}
+
+impl From<StrandBuf> for StrandCow<'_> {
+	fn from(value: StrandBuf) -> Self { Self::Owned(value) }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for StrandCow<'a>
+where
+	T: ?Sized + AsStrand,
+{
+	fn from(value: &'a T) -> Self { Self::Borrowed(value.as_strand()) }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<Strand<'_>> for StrandCow<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Strand) -> bool { self.as_strand() == *other }
+}
+
+impl<'a> StrandCow<'a> {
+	pub fn into_owned(self) -> StrandBuf {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(s) => s.to_owned(),
+			Self::Owned(s) => s,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String {
+		match self {
+			Self::Borrowed(s) => s.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+			Self::Owned(s) => s.into_string_lossy(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn with<K, T>(kind: K, bytes: T) -> Result<Self>
+	where
+		K: Into<StrandKind>,
+		T: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
+	{
+		Ok(match bytes.into() {
+			Cow::Borrowed(b) => Strand::with(kind, b)?.into(),
+			Cow::Owned(b) => StrandBuf::with(kind, b)?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/error.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d66e86d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+// --- StrandError
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum StrandError {
+	#[error("conversion to OS string failed")]
+	AsOs,
+	#[error("conversion to UTF-8 string failed")]
+	AsUtf8,
+}
+
+impl From<StrandError> for std::io::Error {
+	fn from(err: StrandError) -> Self { Self::other(err) }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/extensions.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/extensions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24e53cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/extensions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+use crate::strand::{AsStrand, Strand, StrandBuf, StrandLike, ToStrand};
+
+// --- StrandJoin
+pub trait AsStrandJoin {
+	fn join(self, sep: Strand) -> StrandBuf;
+}
+
+impl<T> AsStrandJoin for T
+where
+	T: IntoIterator,
+	T::Item: AsStrand,
+{
+	fn join(self, sep: Strand) -> StrandBuf {
+		let mut kind = sep.kind();
+		let mut buf = Vec::new();
+		for (i, item) in self.into_iter().enumerate() {
+			if i > 0 {
+				buf.extend(sep.encoded_bytes());
+			}
+
+			let s = item.as_strand();
+			buf.extend(s.encoded_bytes());
+
+			if s.kind() > kind {
+				kind = s.kind();
+			}
+		}
+
+		unsafe { StrandBuf::from_encoded_bytes(kind, buf) }
+	}
+}
+
+// --- ToStrandJoin
+pub trait ToStrandJoin {
+	fn join(self, sep: Strand) -> StrandBuf;
+}
+
+impl<T> ToStrandJoin for T
+where
+	T: IntoIterator,
+	T::Item: ToStrand,
+{
+	fn join(self, sep: Strand) -> StrandBuf {
+		let mut kind = sep.kind();
+		let mut buf = Vec::new();
+		for (i, item) in self.into_iter().enumerate() {
+			if i > 0 {
+				buf.extend(sep.encoded_bytes());
+			}
+
+			let s = item.to_strand();
+			buf.extend(s.encoded_bytes());
+
+			if s.kind() > kind {
+				kind = s.kind();
+			}
+		}
+
+		unsafe { StrandBuf::from_encoded_bytes(kind, buf) }
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/kind.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/kind.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..103afc20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/kind.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use crate::{path::PathKind, scheme::SchemeKind};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum StrandKind {
+	Utf8  = 0,
+	Os    = 1,
+	Bytes = 2,
+}
+
+impl From<PathKind> for StrandKind {
+	fn from(value: PathKind) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			PathKind::Os => Self::Os,
+			PathKind::Unix => Self::Bytes,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<SchemeKind> for StrandKind {
+	fn from(value: SchemeKind) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::Os,
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::Os,
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::Os,
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::Bytes,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/like.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/like.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e55f5d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/like.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, fmt::Display};
+
+use crate::strand::{AsStrand, StrandBuf, StrandCow, StrandError, StrandKind};
+
+// --- StrandLike
+pub trait StrandLike: AsStrand {
+	fn as_os(&self) -> Result<&OsStr, StrandError> { self.as_strand().as_os() }
+
+	fn as_utf8(&self) -> Result<&str, StrandError> { self.as_strand().as_utf8() }
+
+	#[cfg(windows)]
+	fn backslash_to_slash(&self) -> StrandCow<'_> { self.as_strand().backslash_to_slash() }
+
+	fn contains(&self, x: impl AsStrand) -> bool { self.as_strand().contains(x) }
+
+	fn display(&self) -> impl Display { self.as_strand().display() }
+
+	fn encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] { self.as_strand().encoded_bytes() }
+
+	fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: impl AsStrand) -> bool {
+		self.as_strand().eq_ignore_ascii_case(other)
+	}
+
+	fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.as_strand().is_empty() }
+
+	fn kind(&self) -> StrandKind { self.as_strand().kind() }
+
+	fn len(&self) -> usize { self.as_strand().len() }
+
+	fn starts_with(&self, needle: impl AsStrand) -> bool { self.as_strand().starts_with(needle) }
+
+	fn to_owned(&self) -> StrandBuf { self.as_strand().to_owned() }
+
+	fn to_str(&self) -> Result<&str, std::str::Utf8Error> { self.as_strand().to_str() }
+
+	fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str> { self.as_strand().to_string_lossy() }
+}
+
+impl<S> From<&S> for StrandBuf
+where
+	S: StrandLike,
+{
+	fn from(value: &S) -> Self { value.to_owned() }
+}
+
+impl StrandLike for StrandBuf {}
+impl StrandLike for StrandCow<'_> {}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af6a08c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(buf conversion cow error extensions kind like strand view);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/strand.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/strand.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..daddd691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/strand.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, fmt::Display};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::{BytesExt, strand::{AsStrand, StrandBuf, StrandError, StrandKind}, wtf8::FromWtf8};
+
+// --- Strand
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum Strand<'p> {
+	Os(&'p OsStr),
+	Utf8(&'p str),
+	Bytes(&'p [u8]),
+}
+
+impl Default for Strand<'_> {
+	fn default() -> Self { Self::Utf8("") }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Strand<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a OsStr) -> Self { Self::Os(value) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Strand<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a str) -> Self { Self::Utf8(value) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a [u8]> for Strand<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a [u8]) -> Self { Self::Bytes(value) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a StrandBuf> for Strand<'a> {
+	fn from(value: &'a StrandBuf) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			StrandBuf::Os(s) => Self::Os(s),
+			StrandBuf::Utf8(s) => Self::Utf8(s),
+			StrandBuf::Bytes(s) => Self::Bytes(s),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Strand<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+		match *other {
+			Self::Os(s) => *self == s,
+			Self::Utf8(s) => *self == s,
+			Self::Bytes(b) => *self == b,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&OsStr> for Strand<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &&OsStr) -> bool {
+		match *self {
+			Self::Os(s) => s == *other,
+			Self::Utf8(s) => s == *other,
+			Self::Bytes(b) => b == other.as_encoded_bytes(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&str> for Strand<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool {
+		match *self {
+			Self::Os(s) => s == *other,
+			Self::Utf8(s) => s == *other,
+			Self::Bytes(b) => b == other.as_bytes(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&[u8]> for Strand<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &&[u8]) -> bool {
+		match *self {
+			Self::Os(s) => s.as_encoded_bytes() == *other,
+			Self::Utf8(s) => s.as_bytes() == *other,
+			Self::Bytes(b) => b == *other,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> Strand<'a> {
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn as_os(self) -> Result<&'a OsStr, StrandError> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => Ok(s),
+			Self::Utf8(s) => Ok(OsStr::new(s)),
+			Self::Bytes(b) => OsStr::from_wtf8(b).map_err(|_| StrandError::AsOs),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn as_utf8(self) -> Result<&'a str, StrandError> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => s.to_str().ok_or(StrandError::AsUtf8),
+			Self::Utf8(s) => Ok(s),
+			Self::Bytes(b) => str::from_utf8(b).map_err(|_| StrandError::AsUtf8),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[cfg(windows)]
+	pub fn backslash_to_slash(self) -> super::StrandCow<'a> {
+		let bytes = self.encoded_bytes();
+
+		// Fast path to skip if there are no backslashes
+		let skip_len = bytes.iter().take_while(|&&b| b != b'\\').count();
+		if skip_len >= bytes.len() {
+			return self.into();
+		}
+
+		let (skip, rest) = bytes.split_at(skip_len);
+		let mut out = Vec::new();
+		out.reserve_exact(bytes.len());
+		out.extend(skip);
+
+		for &b in rest {
+			out.push(if b == b'\\' { b'/' } else { b });
+		}
+		unsafe { StrandBuf::from_encoded_bytes(self.kind(), out) }.into()
+	}
+
+	pub fn contains(self, x: impl AsStrand) -> bool {
+		memchr::memmem::find(self.encoded_bytes(), x.as_strand().encoded_bytes()).is_some()
+	}
+
+	pub fn display(self) -> impl Display {
+		struct D<'a>(Strand<'a>);
+
+		impl<'a> Display for D<'a> {
+			fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+				match self.0 {
+					Strand::Os(s) => s.display().fmt(f),
+					Strand::Utf8(s) => s.fmt(f),
+					Strand::Bytes(b) => b.display().fmt(f),
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		D(self)
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn encoded_bytes(self) -> &'a [u8] {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => s.as_encoded_bytes(),
+			Self::Utf8(s) => s.as_bytes(),
+			Self::Bytes(b) => b,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(self, other: impl AsStrand) -> bool {
+		self.encoded_bytes().eq_ignore_ascii_case(other.as_strand().encoded_bytes())
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes(kind: impl Into<StrandKind>, bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
+		match kind.into() {
+			StrandKind::Utf8 => Self::Utf8(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) }),
+			StrandKind::Os => Self::Os(unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes) }),
+			StrandKind::Bytes => Self::Bytes(bytes),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool { self.encoded_bytes().is_empty() }
+
+	pub fn kind(self) -> StrandKind {
+		match self {
+			Self::Utf8(_) => StrandKind::Utf8,
+			Self::Os(_) => StrandKind::Os,
+			Self::Bytes(_) => StrandKind::Bytes,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn len(self) -> usize { self.encoded_bytes().len() }
+
+	pub fn starts_with(self, needle: impl AsStrand) -> bool {
+		self.encoded_bytes().starts_with(needle.as_strand().encoded_bytes())
+	}
+
+	pub fn to_owned(self) -> StrandBuf {
+		match self {
+			Self::Os(s) => StrandBuf::Os(s.to_owned()),
+			Self::Utf8(s) => StrandBuf::Utf8(s.to_owned()),
+			Self::Bytes(b) => StrandBuf::Bytes(b.to_owned()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn to_str(self) -> Result<&'a str, std::str::Utf8Error> {
+		str::from_utf8(self.encoded_bytes())
+	}
+
+	pub fn to_string_lossy(self) -> Cow<'a, str> { String::from_utf8_lossy(self.encoded_bytes()) }
+
+	pub fn with<K, S>(kind: K, strand: &'a S) -> Result<Self>
+	where
+		K: Into<StrandKind>,
+		S: ?Sized + AsStrand,
+	{
+		let strand = strand.as_strand();
+		Ok(match kind.into() {
+			StrandKind::Utf8 => Self::Utf8(strand.as_utf8()?),
+			StrandKind::Os => Self::Os(strand.as_os()?),
+			StrandKind::Bytes => Self::Bytes(strand.encoded_bytes()),
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/strand/view.rs b/yazi-shared/src/strand/view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9303486a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/strand/view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+
+// --- AsStrandView
+pub trait AsStrandView<'a, T> {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> T;
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsStrandView<'a, &'a OsStr> for &'a OsStr {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> &'a OsStr { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsStrandView<'a, &'a OsStr> for &'a std::path::Path {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> &'a OsStr { self.as_os_str() }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsStrandView<'a, &'a OsStr> for std::path::Components<'a> {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> &'a OsStr { self.as_path().as_os_str() }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsStrandView<'a, &'a [u8]> for &'a [u8] {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> &'a [u8] { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsStrandView<'a, &'a [u8]> for &'a typed_path::UnixPath {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> &'a [u8] { self.as_bytes() }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsStrandView<'a, &'a [u8]> for typed_path::UnixComponents<'a> {
+	fn as_strand_view(self) -> &'a [u8] { self.as_path::<typed_path::UnixEncoding>().as_bytes() }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/string.rs b/yazi-shared/src/string.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 20f961a5..00000000
--- a/yazi-shared/src/string.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}};
-
-use crate::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
-
-pub trait IntoStringLossy {
-	fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String;
-}
-
-impl IntoStringLossy for String {
-	fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String { self }
-}
-
-impl IntoStringLossy for &OsStr {
-	fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String { self.to_string_lossy().into_owned() }
-}
-
-impl IntoStringLossy for OsString {
-	fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String {
-		match self.to_string_lossy() {
-			Cow::Owned(s) => s,
-			Cow::Borrowed(_) => unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(self.into_encoded_bytes()) },
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl IntoStringLossy for Cow<'_, OsStr> {
-	fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String {
-		match self {
-			Cow::Owned(s) => s.into_string_lossy(),
-			Cow::Borrowed(s) => s.into_string_lossy(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl IntoStringLossy for &UrlBuf {
-	fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String { self.os_str().into_string_lossy() }
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/translit/traits.rs b/yazi-shared/src/translit/traits.rs
index 590746f9..71d01824 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/translit/traits.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/translit/traits.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl Transliterator for &[u8] {
 		// but instead of `+ 16` uses `| 15` to stay in the smallest allocation bucket
 		// for short strings
 		let mut out = String::new();
-		out.try_reserve_exact(self.len() | 15).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!());
+		out.reserve_exact(self.len() | 15);
 		out.push_str(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(ascii) });
 
 		for c in String::from_utf8_lossy(rest).chars() {
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/buf.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/buf.rs
index 1120a3d4..3acfca56 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/buf.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/buf.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,44 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, fmt::{Debug, Formatter}, path::{Path, PathBuf}, str::FromStr};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::{Debug, Formatter}, hash::{Hash, Hasher}, path::{Path, PathBuf}, str::FromStr};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{loc::{Loc, LocBuf}, path::PathDyn, pool::Pool, scheme::{Scheme, SchemeLike}, url::{AsUrl, Encode, EncodeTilded, Url, UrlCow}};
+use crate::{loc::LocBuf, path::{PathBufDyn, PathDynError, SetNameError}, pool::{InternStr, Pool, Symbol}, scheme::Scheme, strand::AsStrand, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
-pub struct UrlBuf {
-	pub loc:    LocBuf,
-	pub scheme: Scheme,
+#[derive(Clone, Eq)]
+pub enum UrlBuf {
+	Regular(LocBuf),
+	Search { loc: LocBuf, domain: Symbol<str> },
+	Archive { loc: LocBuf, domain: Symbol<str> },
+	Sftp { loc: LocBuf<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>, domain: Symbol<str> },
 }
 
-impl From<&UrlBuf> for UrlBuf {
-	fn from(url: &UrlBuf) -> Self { url.clone() }
+// FIXME: remove
+impl Default for UrlBuf {
+	fn default() -> Self { Self::Regular(Default::default()) }
+}
+
+impl From<&Self> for UrlBuf {
+	fn from(url: &Self) -> Self { url.clone() }
 }
 
 impl From<Url<'_>> for UrlBuf {
-	fn from(url: Url<'_>) -> Self { Self { loc: url.loc.into(), scheme: url.scheme.into() } }
+	fn from(url: Url<'_>) -> Self {
+		match url {
+			Url::Regular(loc) => Self::Regular(loc.into()),
+			Url::Search { loc, domain } => Self::Search { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.intern() },
+			Url::Archive { loc, domain } => Self::Archive { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.intern() },
+			Url::Sftp { loc, domain } => Self::Sftp { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.intern() },
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 impl From<&Url<'_>> for UrlBuf {
-	fn from(url: &Url<'_>) -> Self { Self { loc: url.loc.into(), scheme: url.scheme.into() } }
+	fn from(url: &Url<'_>) -> Self { (*url).into() }
 }
 
 impl From<LocBuf> for UrlBuf {
-	fn from(loc: LocBuf) -> Self { Self { loc, scheme: Scheme::Regular } }
+	fn from(loc: LocBuf) -> Self { Self::Regular(loc) }
 }
 
 impl From<PathBuf> for UrlBuf {
@@ -39,14 +53,6 @@ impl From<&Path> for UrlBuf {
 	fn from(path: &Path) -> Self { path.to_path_buf().into() }
 }
 
-impl From<PathDyn<'_>> for UrlBuf {
-	fn from(path: PathDyn) -> Self {
-		match path {
-			PathDyn::Os(p) => p.to_path_buf().into(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 impl FromStr for UrlBuf {
 	type Err = anyhow::Error;
 
@@ -61,6 +67,14 @@ impl TryFrom<String> for UrlBuf {
 	}
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<(Scheme, PathBufDyn)> for UrlBuf {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from(value: (Scheme, PathBufDyn)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		Ok(UrlCow::try_from(value)?.into_owned())
+	}
+}
+
 impl AsRef<Self> for UrlBuf {
 	fn as_ref(&self) -> &Self { self }
 }
@@ -78,6 +92,14 @@ impl From<Cow<'_, Self>> for UrlBuf {
 }
 
 // --- Eq
+impl PartialEq for UrlBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.as_url() == other.as_url() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<UrlBuf> for &UrlBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &UrlBuf) -> bool { self.as_url() == other.as_url() }
+}
+
 impl PartialEq<Url<'_>> for UrlBuf {
 	fn eq(&self, other: &Url) -> bool { self.as_url() == *other }
 }
@@ -86,76 +108,91 @@ impl PartialEq<Url<'_>> for &UrlBuf {
 	fn eq(&self, other: &Url) -> bool { self.as_url() == *other }
 }
 
+impl PartialEq<UrlCow<'_>> for UrlBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &UrlCow) -> bool { self.as_url() == other.as_url() }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<UrlCow<'_>> for &UrlBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &UrlCow) -> bool { self.as_url() == other.as_url() }
+}
+
+// --- Hash
+impl Hash for UrlBuf {
+	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.as_url().hash(state) }
+}
+
 impl UrlBuf {
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn new() -> &'static Self {
-		static U: UrlBuf = UrlBuf { loc: LocBuf::empty(), scheme: Scheme::Regular };
+		static U: UrlBuf = UrlBuf::Regular(LocBuf::empty());
 		&U
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn into_path(self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-		Some(self.loc.into_path()).filter(|_| self.scheme.is_local())
+	pub fn into_loc(self) -> PathBufDyn {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.into_inner().into(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.into_inner().into(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.into_inner().into(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.into_inner().into(),
+		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn set_name(&mut self, name: impl AsRef<OsStr>) { self.loc.set_name(name.as_ref()); }
+	pub fn into_local(self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+		if self.kind().is_local() { self.into_loc().into_os().ok() } else { None }
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_set_name(&mut self, name: impl AsStrand) -> Result<(), SetNameError> {
+		let name = name.as_strand();
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.try_set_name(name.as_os()?)?,
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.try_set_name(name.as_os()?)?,
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.try_set_name(name.as_os()?)?,
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.try_set_name(name.encoded_bytes())?,
+		})
+	}
 
-	#[inline]
 	pub fn rebase(&self, base: &Path) -> Self {
-		Self { loc: self.loc.rebase(base), scheme: self.scheme.clone() }
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => Self::Regular(loc.rebase(base)),
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => {
+				Self::Search { loc: loc.rebase(base), domain: domain.clone() }
+			}
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => {
+				Self::Archive { loc: loc.rebase(base), domain: domain.clone() }
+			}
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => {
+				todo!();
+				// Self::Sftp { loc: loc.rebase(base), domain: domain.clone() }
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl UrlBuf {
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn loc(&self) -> Loc<'_> { self.loc.as_loc() }
-
-	// --- Regular
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_regular(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_regular() }
+	pub fn to_regular(&self) -> Result<Self, PathDynError> { Ok(self.as_url().as_regular()?.into()) }
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn to_regular(&self) -> Self { self.as_url().into_regular().into() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn into_regular(mut self) -> Self {
-		self.loc = self.loc.into_path().into();
-		self.scheme = Scheme::Regular;
-		self
-	}
-
-	// --- Search
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_search(&self) -> bool { matches!(self.scheme, Scheme::Search(_)) }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn to_search(&self, domain: impl AsRef<str>) -> Self {
-		Self {
-			loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(self.loc.to_path()),
-			scheme: Scheme::Search(Pool::<str>::intern(domain)),
-		}
+	pub fn into_regular(self) -> Result<Self, PathDynError> {
+		Ok(Self::Regular(self.into_loc().into_os()?.into()))
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn into_search(mut self, domain: impl AsRef<str>) -> Self {
-		self.loc = LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(self.loc.into_path());
-		self.scheme = Scheme::Search(Pool::<str>::intern(domain));
-		self
+	pub fn to_search(&self, domain: impl AsRef<str>) -> Result<Self, PathDynError> {
+		Ok(Self::Search {
+			loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(self.loc().to_os_owned()?),
+			domain: Pool::<str>::intern(domain),
+		})
 	}
 
-	// --- Archive
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_archive(&self) -> bool { matches!(self.scheme, Scheme::Archive(_)) }
-
-	// --- Internal
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_internal(&self) -> bool {
-		match self.scheme {
-			Scheme::Regular | Scheme::Sftp(_) => true,
-			Scheme::Search(_) => !self.loc.uri().as_os_str().is_empty(),
-			Scheme::Archive(_) => false,
-		}
+	pub fn into_search(self, domain: impl AsRef<str>) -> Result<Self, PathDynError> {
+		Ok(Self::Search {
+			loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(self.into_loc().into_os()?),
+			domain: Pool::<str>::intern(domain),
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -165,12 +202,7 @@ impl Debug for UrlBuf {
 
 impl Serialize for UrlBuf {
 	fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
-		let Self { scheme, loc } = self;
-		match (scheme.is_virtual(), loc.to_str()) {
-			(false, Some(s)) => serializer.serialize_str(s),
-			(true, Some(s)) => serializer.serialize_str(&format!("{}{s}", Encode::from(self))),
-			(_, None) => serializer.collect_str(&EncodeTilded::from(self)),
-		}
+		self.as_url().serialize(serializer)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -216,9 +248,12 @@ mod tests {
 		for (base, path, expected) in cases {
 			let base: UrlBuf = base.parse()?;
 			#[cfg(unix)]
-			assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", base.join(path)), expected);
+			assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", base.try_join(path)?), expected);
 			#[cfg(windows)]
-			assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", base.join(path)).replace(r"\", "/"), expected.replace(r"\", "/"));
+			assert_eq!(
+				format!("{:?}", base.try_join(path)?).replace(r"\", "/"),
+				expected.replace(r"\", "/")
+			);
 		}
 
 		Ok(())
@@ -240,13 +275,15 @@ mod tests {
 			("archive://:1:1//a/b.zip/c", Some("archive:////a/b.zip")),
 			("archive:////a/b.zip", Some("/a")),
 			// SFTP
-			("sftp://remote:1:1//a/b", Some("sftp://remote//a")),
+			("sftp://remote:3:1//a/b", Some("sftp://remote//a")),
+			("sftp://remote:2:1//a", Some("sftp://remote//")),
 			("sftp://remote:1:1//a", Some("sftp://remote//")),
+			("sftp://remote//a", Some("sftp://remote//")),
 			("sftp://remote:1//", None),
 			("sftp://remote//", None),
 			// Relative
 			("search://kw:2:2/a/b", Some("search://kw:1:1/a")),
-			("search://kw:1:1/a", Some("search://kw/")),
+			("search://kw:1:1/a", None),
 			("search://kw/", None),
 		];
 
@@ -266,14 +303,14 @@ mod tests {
 		let u: UrlBuf = "/root".parse()?;
 		assert_eq!(format!("{u:?}"), "/root");
 
-		let u = u.into_search("kw");
+		let u = u.into_search("kw")?;
 		assert_eq!(format!("{u:?}"), "search://kw//root");
 		assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", u.parent().unwrap()), "/");
 
-		let u = u.join("examples");
+		let u = u.try_join("examples")?;
 		assert_eq!(format!("{u:?}"), format!("search://kw:1:1//root{S}examples"));
 
-		let u = u.join("README.md");
+		let u = u.try_join("README.md")?;
 		assert_eq!(format!("{u:?}"), format!("search://kw:2:2//root{S}examples{S}README.md"));
 
 		let u = u.parent().unwrap();
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/component.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/component.rs
index acc8f025..37835a61 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/component.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/component.rs
@@ -1,175 +1,77 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, iter::FusedIterator, ops::Not, path::{self, PathBuf, PrefixComponent}};
+use std::path::PrefixComponent;
 
-use crate::{scheme::{Scheme, SchemeRef}, url::{Encode, Url, UrlBuf}};
+use anyhow::Result;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+use crate::{path::{self, PathDynError}, scheme::SchemeRef, strand::Strand};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Component<'a> {
 	Scheme(SchemeRef<'a>),
 	Prefix(PrefixComponent<'a>),
 	RootDir,
 	CurDir,
 	ParentDir,
-	Normal(&'a OsStr),
+	Normal(Strand<'a>),
 }
 
 impl<'a> From<path::Component<'a>> for Component<'a> {
-	fn from(comp: path::Component<'a>) -> Self {
-		match comp {
-			path::Component::Prefix(p) => Component::Prefix(p),
-			path::Component::RootDir => Component::RootDir,
-			path::Component::CurDir => Component::CurDir,
-			path::Component::ParentDir => Component::ParentDir,
-			path::Component::Normal(s) => Component::Normal(s),
+	fn from(value: path::Component<'a>) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			path::Component::Prefix(p) => Self::Prefix(p),
+			path::Component::RootDir => Self::RootDir,
+			path::Component::CurDir => Self::CurDir,
+			path::Component::ParentDir => Self::ParentDir,
+			path::Component::Normal(s) => Self::Normal(s),
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for UrlBuf {
+impl<'a> Component<'a> {
+	pub fn downgrade(self) -> Option<path::Component<'a>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Scheme(_) => None?,
+			Self::Prefix(p) => path::Component::Prefix(p),
+			Self::RootDir => path::Component::RootDir,
+			Self::CurDir => path::Component::CurDir,
+			Self::ParentDir => path::Component::ParentDir,
+			Self::Normal(s) => path::Component::Normal(s),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for Result<UrlBuf> {
+// 	fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Component<'a>>>(iter: I) -> Self {
+// 		let mut buf = PathBuf::new();
+// 		let mut scheme = None;
+// 		iter.into_iter().for_each(|c| match c {
+// 			Component::Scheme(s) => scheme = Some(s),
+// 			Component::Prefix(p) => buf.push(path::Component::Prefix(p)),
+// 			Component::RootDir => buf.push(path::Component::RootDir),
+// 			Component::CurDir => buf.push(path::Component::CurDir),
+// 			Component::ParentDir => buf.push(path::Component::ParentDir),
+// 			Component::Normal(s) => buf.push(path::Component::Normal(s)),
+// 		});
+
+// 		Ok(if let Some(s) = scheme {
+// 			UrlCow::try_from((s, PathCow::Owned(PathBufDyn::Os(buf))))?.into_owned()
+// 		} else {
+// 			buf.into()
+// 		})
+// 	}
+// }
+
+impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for Result<std::path::PathBuf, PathDynError> {
 	fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Component<'a>>>(iter: I) -> Self {
-		let mut scheme = Scheme::Regular;
-		let mut buf = PathBuf::new();
-		iter.into_iter().for_each(|c| match c {
-			Component::Scheme(s) => scheme = s.into(),
-			Component::Prefix(p) => buf.push(path::Component::Prefix(p)),
-			Component::RootDir => buf.push(path::Component::RootDir),
-			Component::CurDir => buf.push(path::Component::CurDir),
-			Component::ParentDir => buf.push(path::Component::ParentDir),
-			Component::Normal(s) => buf.push(path::Component::Normal(s)),
-		});
-
-		Self { loc: buf.into(), scheme }
+		iter.into_iter().filter_map(|c| c.downgrade()).map(std::path::Component::try_from).collect()
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for PathBuf {
+impl<'a> FromIterator<Component<'a>> for Result<typed_path::UnixPathBuf, PathDynError> {
 	fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Component<'a>>>(iter: I) -> Self {
-		let mut buf = Self::new();
-		iter.into_iter().for_each(|c| match c {
-			Component::Scheme(_) => {}
-			Component::Prefix(p) => buf.push(path::Component::Prefix(p)),
-			Component::RootDir => buf.push(path::Component::RootDir),
-			Component::CurDir => buf.push(path::Component::CurDir),
-			Component::ParentDir => buf.push(path::Component::ParentDir),
-			Component::Normal(s) => buf.push(path::Component::Normal(s)),
-		});
-		buf
-	}
-}
-
-// --- Components
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Components<'a> {
-	inner:          path::Components<'a>,
-	url:            Url<'a>,
-	scheme_yielded: bool,
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<Url<'a>> for Components<'a> {
-	fn from(value: Url<'a>) -> Self {
-		Self {
-			inner:          value.loc.as_path().components(),
-			url:            value,
-			scheme_yielded: false,
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> Components<'a> {
-	pub fn os_str(&self) -> Cow<'a, OsStr> {
-		let path = self.inner.as_path();
-		if self.url.scheme.is_local() || self.scheme_yielded {
-			return path.as_os_str().into();
-		}
-
-		let mut s = OsString::from(Encode(self.url).to_string());
-		s.reserve_exact(path.as_os_str().len());
-		s.push(path);
-		s.into()
-	}
-
-	pub fn covariant(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-		match (self.scheme_yielded, other.scheme_yielded) {
-			(false, false) => {}
-			(true, true) if self.url.scheme.covariant(other.url.scheme) => {}
-			_ => return false,
-		}
-		self.inner == other.inner
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> {
-	type Item = Component<'a>;
-
-	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-		if !self.scheme_yielded {
-			self.scheme_yielded = true;
-			Some(Component::Scheme(self.url.scheme))
-		} else {
-			self.inner.next().map(Into::into)
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-		let (min, max) = self.inner.size_hint();
-		let scheme = self.scheme_yielded.not() as usize;
-
-		(min + scheme, max.map(|n| n + scheme))
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Components<'a> {
-	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-		if let Some(comp) = self.inner.next_back() {
-			Some(comp.into())
-		} else if !self.scheme_yielded {
-			self.scheme_yielded = true;
-			Some(Component::Scheme(self.url.scheme))
-		} else {
-			None
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'a> FusedIterator for Components<'a> {}
-
-impl<'a> PartialEq for Components<'a> {
-	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-		Some(self.url.scheme).filter(|_| !self.scheme_yielded)
-			== Some(other.url.scheme).filter(|_| !other.scheme_yielded)
-			&& self.inner == other.inner
-	}
-}
-
-// --- Tests
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-	use std::path::Path;
-
-	use super::*;
-	use crate::{pool::InternStr, url::UrlLike};
-
-	#[test]
-	fn test_collect() {
-		crate::init_tests();
-
-		let search: UrlBuf = "search://keyword//root/projects/yazi".parse().unwrap();
-		assert_eq!(search.loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new(""));
-		assert_eq!(search.scheme, Scheme::Search("keyword".intern()));
-
-		let item = search.join("main.rs");
-		assert_eq!(item.loc.uri().as_os_str(), OsStr::new("main.rs"));
-		assert_eq!(item.scheme, Scheme::Search("keyword".intern()));
-
-		let u: UrlBuf = item.components().take(4).collect();
-		assert_eq!(u.scheme, Scheme::Search("keyword".intern()));
-		assert_eq!(u.loc.as_path(), Path::new("/root/projects"));
-
-		let u: UrlBuf = item
-			.components()
-			.take(5)
-			.chain([Component::Normal(OsStr::new("target/release/yazi"))])
-			.collect();
-		assert_eq!(u.scheme, Scheme::Search("keyword".intern()));
-		assert_eq!(u.loc.as_path(), Path::new("/root/projects/yazi/target/release/yazi"));
+		iter
+			.into_iter()
+			.filter_map(|c| c.downgrade())
+			.map(typed_path::UnixComponent::try_from)
+			.collect()
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/components.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/components.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50778f81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/components.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, iter::FusedIterator, ops::Not};
+
+use crate::{loc::Loc, path, scheme::{Encode as EncodeScheme, SchemeCow, SchemeRef}, strand::{StrandBuf, StrandCow}, url::{Component, Encode as EncodeUrl, Url}};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Components<'a> {
+	inner:          path::Components<'a>,
+	url:            Url<'a>,
+	back_yields:    usize,
+	scheme_yielded: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<Url<'a>> for Components<'a> {
+	fn from(value: Url<'a>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			inner:          value.loc().components(),
+			url:            value,
+			back_yields:    0,
+			scheme_yielded: false,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> Components<'a> {
+	pub fn covariant(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+		match (self.scheme_yielded, other.scheme_yielded) {
+			(true, true) => {}
+			(false, false) if self.scheme().covariant(other.scheme()) => {}
+			_ => return false,
+		}
+		self.inner == other.inner
+	}
+
+	pub fn os_str(&self) -> Cow<'a, OsStr> {
+		let Ok(os) = self.inner.strand().as_os() else {
+			return OsString::from(EncodeUrl(self.url()).to_string()).into();
+		};
+
+		if self.url.is_regular() || self.scheme_yielded {
+			return os.into();
+		}
+
+		let mut s = OsString::from(EncodeScheme(self.url()).to_string());
+		s.reserve_exact(os.len());
+		s.push(os);
+		s.into()
+	}
+
+	pub fn scheme(&self) -> SchemeRef<'a> {
+		let left = self.inner.clone().count();
+
+		let (uri, urn) = SchemeCow::retrieve_ports(self.url);
+		let (uri, urn) = (
+			uri.saturating_sub(self.back_yields).min(left),
+			urn.saturating_sub(self.back_yields).min(left),
+		);
+
+		match self.url {
+			Url::Regular(_) => SchemeRef::Regular { uri, urn },
+			Url::Search { domain, .. } => SchemeRef::Search { domain, uri, urn },
+			Url::Archive { domain, .. } => SchemeRef::Archive { domain, uri, urn },
+			Url::Sftp { domain, .. } => SchemeRef::Sftp { domain, uri, urn },
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn strand(&self) -> StrandCow<'a> {
+		let s = self.inner.strand();
+		if self.url.is_regular() || self.scheme_yielded {
+			return s.into();
+		}
+
+		let mut buf = StrandBuf::with_str(s.kind(), EncodeScheme(self.url()).to_string());
+		buf.reserve_exact(s.len());
+		buf.try_push(s).expect("strand with same kind");
+		buf.into()
+	}
+
+	pub fn url(&self) -> Url<'a> {
+		let path = self.inner.path();
+		let (uri, urn) = self.scheme().ports();
+		match self.url {
+			Url::Regular(_) => Url::Regular(Loc::with(path.as_os().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap()),
+			Url::Search { domain, .. } => {
+				Url::Search { loc: Loc::with(path.as_os().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(), domain }
+			}
+			Url::Archive { domain, .. } => {
+				Url::Archive { loc: Loc::with(path.as_os().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(), domain }
+			}
+			Url::Sftp { domain, .. } => {
+				Url::Sftp { loc: Loc::with(path.as_unix().unwrap(), uri, urn).unwrap(), domain }
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> {
+	type Item = Component<'a>;
+
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		if !self.scheme_yielded {
+			self.scheme_yielded = true;
+			Some(Component::Scheme(self.scheme()))
+		} else {
+			self.inner.next().map(Into::into)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+		let (min, max) = self.inner.size_hint();
+		let scheme = self.scheme_yielded.not() as usize;
+
+		(min + scheme, max.map(|n| n + scheme))
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Components<'a> {
+	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		if let Some(c) = self.inner.next_back() {
+			self.back_yields += 1;
+			Some(c.into())
+		} else if !self.scheme_yielded {
+			self.scheme_yielded = true;
+			Some(Component::Scheme(self.scheme()))
+		} else {
+			None
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> FusedIterator for Components<'a> {}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq for Components<'a> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+		if self.inner != other.inner {
+			return false;
+		}
+		match (self.scheme_yielded, other.scheme_yielded) {
+			(true, true) => true,
+			(false, false) if self.scheme() == other.scheme() => true,
+			_ => false,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Tests
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use anyhow::Result;
+
+	use crate::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{Component, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_url() -> Result<()> {
+		use Component::*;
+		use SchemeRef as S;
+
+		crate::init_tests();
+
+		let search: UrlBuf = "search://keyword//root/projects/yazi".parse()?;
+		assert_eq!(search.uri(), "");
+		assert_eq!(search.scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 0, urn: 0 });
+
+		let src = search.try_join("src")?;
+		assert_eq!(src.uri(), "src");
+		assert_eq!(src.scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 1, urn: 1 });
+
+		let main = src.try_join("main.rs")?;
+		assert_eq!(main.urn(), "src/main.rs");
+		assert_eq!(main.scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 2, urn: 2 });
+
+		let mut it = main.components();
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 2, urn: 2 });
+		assert_eq!(it.next_back(), Some(Normal("main.rs".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 1, urn: 1 });
+		assert_eq!(it.next_back(), Some(Normal("src".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 0, urn: 0 });
+		assert_eq!(it.next_back(), Some(Normal("yazi".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 0, urn: 0 });
+
+		let mut it = main.components();
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(Scheme(S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 2, urn: 2 })));
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(RootDir));
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(Normal("root".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(Normal("projects".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(Normal("yazi".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 2, urn: 2 });
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(Normal("src".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 1, urn: 1 });
+		assert_eq!(it.next_back(), Some(Normal("main.rs".into())));
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 0, urn: 0 });
+		assert_eq!(it.next(), None);
+		assert_eq!(it.url().scheme(), S::Search { domain: "keyword", uri: 0, urn: 0 });
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/cov.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/cov.rs
index d0160ede..42520ae9 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/cov.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/cov.rs
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ impl PartialEq<UrlBufCov> for UrlCov<'_> {
 
 impl Hash for UrlCov<'_> {
 	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-		self.0.loc.hash(state);
-		if self.0.scheme.is_virtual() {
-			self.0.scheme.hash(state);
+		self.0.loc().hash(state);
+		if self.0.kind().is_virtual() {
+			self.0.scheme().hash(state);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ impl From<UrlBufCov> for UrlBuf {
 	fn from(value: UrlBufCov) -> Self { value.0 }
 }
 
+impl From<&UrlBufCov> for UrlBuf {
+	fn from(value: &UrlBufCov) -> Self { value.0.clone() }
+}
+
 impl From<UrlBuf> for UrlBufCov {
 	fn from(value: UrlBuf) -> Self { Self(value) }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/cow.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/cow.rs
index d18e6199..9734115e 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/cow.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/cow.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,37 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, hash::{Hash, Hasher}, path::PathBuf};
 
-use anyhow::Result;
-use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
+use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{IntoOsStr, loc::{Loc, LocBuf}, scheme::{AsScheme, SchemeCow, SchemeRef}, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
+use crate::{loc::{Loc, LocBuf}, path::{PathBufDyn, PathCow, PathDyn}, pool::SymbolCow, scheme::{AsScheme, Scheme, SchemeCow, SchemeKind, SchemeRef}, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum UrlCow<'a> {
-	Borrowed { loc: Loc<'a>, scheme: SchemeCow<'a> },
-	Owned { loc: LocBuf, scheme: SchemeCow<'a> },
+	Regular(LocBuf),
+	Search { loc: LocBuf, domain: SymbolCow<'a, str> },
+	Archive { loc: LocBuf, domain: SymbolCow<'a, str> },
+	Sftp { loc: LocBuf<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>, domain: SymbolCow<'a, str> },
+
+	RegularRef(Loc<'a>),
+	SearchRef { loc: Loc<'a>, domain: SymbolCow<'a, str> },
+	ArchiveRef { loc: Loc<'a>, domain: SymbolCow<'a, str> },
+	SftpRef { loc: Loc<'a, &'a typed_path::UnixPath>, domain: SymbolCow<'a, str> },
 }
 
+// FIXME: remove
 impl Default for UrlCow<'_> {
-	fn default() -> Self { Self::Borrowed { loc: Default::default(), scheme: Default::default() } }
+	fn default() -> Self { Self::RegularRef(Default::default()) }
 }
 
 impl<'a> From<Url<'a>> for UrlCow<'a> {
-	fn from(value: Url<'a>) -> Self { Self::Borrowed { loc: value.loc, scheme: value.scheme.into() } }
+	fn from(value: Url<'a>) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			Url::Regular(loc) => Self::RegularRef(loc),
+			Url::Search { loc, domain } => Self::SearchRef { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+			Url::Archive { loc, domain } => Self::ArchiveRef { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+			Url::Sftp { loc, domain } => Self::SftpRef { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for UrlCow<'a>
@@ -27,7 +42,14 @@ where
 }
 
 impl From<UrlBuf> for UrlCow<'_> {
-	fn from(value: UrlBuf) -> Self { Self::Owned { loc: value.loc, scheme: value.scheme.into() } }
+	fn from(value: UrlBuf) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			UrlBuf::Regular(loc) => Self::Regular(loc),
+			UrlBuf::Search { loc, domain } => Self::Search { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+			UrlBuf::Archive { loc, domain } => Self::Archive { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+			UrlBuf::Sftp { loc, domain } => Self::Sftp { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 impl From<PathBuf> for UrlCow<'_> {
@@ -45,20 +67,7 @@ impl From<&UrlCow<'_>> for UrlBuf {
 impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a [u8]> for UrlCow<'a> {
 	type Error = anyhow::Error;
 
-	fn try_from(value: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-		let (scheme, path, port) = Self::parse(value)?;
-
-		Ok(match (path, port) {
-			(Cow::Borrowed(p), None) => Self::Borrowed { loc: Loc::bare(p), scheme },
-			(Cow::Borrowed(p), Some((uri, urn))) => {
-				Self::Borrowed { loc: Loc::with(p, uri, urn)?, scheme }
-			}
-			(Cow::Owned(p), None) => Self::Owned { loc: LocBuf::from(p), scheme },
-			(Cow::Owned(p), Some((uri, urn))) => {
-				Self::Owned { loc: LocBuf::<PathBuf>::with(p, uri, urn)?, scheme }
-			}
-		})
-	}
+	fn try_from(value: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> { SchemeCow::parse(value)?.try_into() }
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for UrlCow<'_> {
@@ -94,69 +103,280 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<Cow<'a, str>> for UrlCow<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
+impl<'a> TryFrom<(SchemeRef<'a>, PathDyn<'a>)> for UrlCow<'a> {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from((scheme, path): (SchemeRef<'a>, PathDyn<'a>)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		(SchemeCow::Borrowed(scheme), path).try_into()
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<(SchemeRef<'a>, PathCow<'a>)> for UrlCow<'a> {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from((scheme, path): (SchemeRef<'a>, PathCow<'a>)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		(SchemeCow::Borrowed(scheme), path).try_into()
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<(Scheme, PathBufDyn)> for UrlCow<'_> {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from((scheme, path): (Scheme, PathBufDyn)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		(SchemeCow::Owned(scheme), path).try_into()
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<(SchemeCow<'a>, PathCow<'a>)> for UrlCow<'a> {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from((scheme, path): (SchemeCow<'a>, PathCow<'a>)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		match path {
+			PathCow::Borrowed(path) => (scheme, path).try_into(),
+			PathCow::Owned(path) => (scheme, path).try_into(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<(SchemeCow<'a>, PathDyn<'a>)> for UrlCow<'a> {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from((scheme, path): (SchemeCow<'a>, PathDyn<'a>)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		let kind = scheme.as_scheme().kind();
+		let (uri, urn) = scheme.as_scheme().ports();
+		let domain = scheme.into_domain();
+		Ok(match kind {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::RegularRef(Loc::bare(path.as_os()?)),
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::SearchRef {
+				loc:    Loc::with(path.as_os()?, uri, urn)?,
+				domain: domain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("missing domain for search scheme"))?,
+			},
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::ArchiveRef {
+				loc:    Loc::with(path.as_os()?, uri, urn)?,
+				domain: domain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("missing domain for archive scheme"))?,
+			},
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::SftpRef {
+				loc:    Loc::with(path.as_unix()?, uri, urn)?,
+				domain: domain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("missing domain for sftp scheme"))?,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<(SchemeCow<'a>, PathBufDyn)> for UrlCow<'a> {
+	type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+	fn try_from((scheme, path): (SchemeCow<'a>, PathBufDyn)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		let kind = scheme.as_scheme().kind();
+		let (uri, urn) = scheme.as_scheme().ports();
+		let domain = scheme.into_domain();
+		Ok(match kind {
+			SchemeKind::Regular => Self::Regular(path.into_os()?.into()),
+			SchemeKind::Search => Self::Search {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::with(path.try_into()?, uri, urn)?,
+				domain: domain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("missing domain for search scheme"))?,
+			},
+			SchemeKind::Archive => Self::Archive {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::with(path.try_into()?, uri, urn)?,
+				domain: domain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("missing domain for archive scheme"))?,
+			},
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => Self::Sftp {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>::with(path.try_into()?, uri, urn)?,
+				domain: domain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("missing domain for sftp scheme"))?,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Eq
+impl PartialEq for UrlCow<'_> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.as_url() == other.as_url() }
+}
+
 impl PartialEq<UrlBuf> for UrlCow<'_> {
 	fn eq(&self, other: &UrlBuf) -> bool { self.as_url() == other.as_url() }
 }
 
+impl Eq for UrlCow<'_> {}
+
+// --- Hash
+impl Hash for UrlCow<'_> {
+	fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) { self.as_url().hash(state); }
+}
+
 impl<'a> UrlCow<'a> {
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn loc(&self) -> Loc<'_> {
+	pub fn is_owned(&self) -> bool {
 		match self {
-			UrlCow::Borrowed { loc, .. } => *loc,
-			UrlCow::Owned { loc, .. } => loc.as_loc(),
+			Self::Regular(_) | Self::Search { .. } | Self::Archive { .. } | Self::Sftp { .. } => true,
+			Self::RegularRef(_)
+			| Self::SearchRef { .. }
+			| Self::ArchiveRef { .. }
+			| Self::SftpRef { .. } => false,
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn scheme(&self) -> SchemeRef<'_> {
-		match self {
-			UrlCow::Borrowed { scheme, .. } => scheme.as_scheme(),
-			UrlCow::Owned { scheme, .. } => scheme.as_scheme(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
 	pub fn into_owned(self) -> UrlBuf {
 		match self {
-			UrlCow::Borrowed { loc, scheme } => UrlBuf { loc: loc.into(), scheme: scheme.into() },
-			UrlCow::Owned { loc, scheme } => UrlBuf { loc, scheme: scheme.into() },
+			Self::Regular(loc) => UrlBuf::Regular(loc),
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => UrlBuf::Search { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => UrlBuf::Archive { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => UrlBuf::Sftp { loc, domain: domain.into() },
+
+			Self::RegularRef(loc) => UrlBuf::Regular(loc.into()),
+			Self::SearchRef { loc, domain } => {
+				UrlBuf::Search { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.into() }
+			}
+			Self::ArchiveRef { loc, domain } => {
+				UrlBuf::Archive { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.into() }
+			}
+			Self::SftpRef { loc, domain } => UrlBuf::Sftp { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.into() },
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[inline]
 	pub fn into_scheme(self) -> SchemeCow<'a> {
+		let (uri, urn) = self.as_url().scheme().ports();
 		match self {
-			UrlCow::Borrowed { scheme, .. } => scheme,
-			UrlCow::Owned { scheme, .. } => scheme,
+			Self::Regular(_) => Scheme::Regular { uri, urn }.into(),
+			Self::RegularRef(_) => SchemeRef::Regular { uri, urn }.into(),
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } | Self::SearchRef { domain, .. } => match domain {
+				SymbolCow::Borrowed(domain) => SchemeRef::Search { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+				SymbolCow::Owned(domain) => Scheme::Search { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+			},
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } | Self::ArchiveRef { domain, .. } => match domain {
+				SymbolCow::Borrowed(domain) => SchemeRef::Archive { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+				SymbolCow::Owned(domain) => Scheme::Archive { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+			},
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } | Self::SftpRef { domain, .. } => match domain {
+				SymbolCow::Borrowed(domain) => SchemeRef::Sftp { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+				SymbolCow::Owned(domain) => Scheme::Sftp { domain, uri, urn }.into(),
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn into_static(self) -> UrlCow<'static> {
+		match self {
+			UrlCow::Regular(loc) => UrlCow::Regular(loc),
+			UrlCow::Search { loc, domain } => UrlCow::Search { loc, domain: domain.into_owned().into() },
+			UrlCow::Archive { loc, domain } => {
+				UrlCow::Archive { loc, domain: domain.into_owned().into() }
+			}
+			UrlCow::Sftp { loc, domain } => UrlCow::Sftp { loc, domain: domain.into_owned().into() },
+
+			UrlCow::RegularRef(loc) => UrlCow::Regular(loc.into()),
+			UrlCow::SearchRef { loc, domain } => {
+				UrlCow::Search { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.into_owned().into() }
+			}
+			UrlCow::ArchiveRef { loc, domain } => {
+				UrlCow::Archive { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.into_owned().into() }
+			}
+			UrlCow::SftpRef { loc, domain } => {
+				UrlCow::Sftp { loc: loc.into(), domain: domain.into_owned().into() }
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn to_owned(&self) -> UrlBuf { self.as_url().into() }
+}
 
-	pub fn parse(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(SchemeCow<'_>, Cow<'_, Path>, Option<(usize, usize)>)> {
-		let mut skip = 0;
-		let (scheme, tilde, uri, urn) = SchemeCow::parse(bytes, &mut skip)?;
-
-		let rest = if tilde {
-			Cow::from(percent_decode(&bytes[skip..])).into_os_str()?
-		} else {
-			bytes[skip..].into_os_str()?
-		};
-
-		let path: Cow<_> = match rest {
-			Cow::Borrowed(s) => Path::new(s).into(),
-			Cow::Owned(s) => PathBuf::from(s).into(),
-		};
-
-		let ports = scheme.normalize_ports(uri, urn, &path)?;
-
-		Ok((scheme, path, ports))
+impl Serialize for UrlCow<'_> {
+	fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+	where
+		S: serde::Serializer,
+	{
+		self.as_url().serialize(serializer)
 	}
 }
 
-impl UrlCow<'_> {
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_regular(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_regular() }
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for UrlCow<'_> {
+	fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+	where
+		D: Deserializer<'de>,
+	{
+		UrlBuf::deserialize(deserializer).map(UrlCow::from)
+	}
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+	use crate::url::UrlLike;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_parse() -> Result<()> {
+		struct Case {
+			url:   &'static str,
+			urn:   &'static str,
+			uri:   &'static str,
+			trail: &'static str,
+			base:  &'static str,
+		}
+
+		let cases = [
+			// Regular
+			Case {
+				url:   "/root/music/rock/song.mp3",
+				urn:   "song.mp3",
+				uri:   "song.mp3",
+				trail: "/root/music/rock/",
+				base:  "/root/music/rock/",
+			},
+			// Search portal
+			Case {
+				url:   "search://keyword//root/Documents/reports",
+				urn:   "",
+				uri:   "",
+				trail: "search://keyword//root/Documents/reports",
+				base:  "search://keyword//root/Documents/reports",
+			},
+			// Search item
+			Case {
+				url:   "search://keyword:2:2//root/Documents/reports/2023/summary.docx",
+				urn:   "2023/summary.docx",
+				uri:   "2023/summary.docx",
+				trail: "search://keyword//root/Documents/reports/",
+				base:  "search://keyword//root/Documents/reports/",
+			},
+			// Archive portal
+			Case {
+				url:   "archive://domain//root/Downloads/images.zip",
+				urn:   "",
+				uri:   "",
+				trail: "archive://domain//root/Downloads/images.zip",
+				base:  "archive://domain//root/Downloads/images.zip",
+			},
+			// Archive item
+			Case {
+				url:   "archive://domain:2:1//root/Downloads/images.zip/2025/city.jpg",
+				urn:   "city.jpg",
+				uri:   "2025/city.jpg",
+				trail: "archive://domain:1:1//root/Downloads/images.zip/2025/",
+				base:  "archive://domain//root/Downloads/images.zip/",
+			},
+			// SFTP
+			Case {
+				url:   "sftp://my-server//root/docs/report.pdf",
+				urn:   "report.pdf",
+				uri:   "report.pdf",
+				trail: "sftp://my-server//root/docs/",
+				base:  "sftp://my-server//root/docs/",
+			},
+		];
+
+		for case in cases {
+			let url = UrlCow::try_from(case.url)?;
+			assert_eq!(url.urn().to_str()?, case.urn);
+			assert_eq!(url.uri().to_str()?, case.uri);
+			assert_eq!(
+				format!("{:?}", url.trail()),
+				format!("{:?}", UrlCow::try_from(case.trail)?.as_url())
+			);
+			assert_eq!(
+				format!("{:?}", url.base()),
+				format!("{:?}", UrlCow::try_from(case.base)?.as_url())
+			);
+		}
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/display.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/display.rs
index b9768530..ad797709 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/display.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/display.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
-use crate::url::{Encode, Url};
+use crate::{scheme::Encode, url::Url};
 
-pub struct Display<'a> {
-	inner: Url<'a>,
-}
+pub struct Display<'a>(pub Url<'a>);
 
-impl<'a> From<Url<'a>> for Display<'a> {
-	fn from(value: Url<'a>) -> Self { Self { inner: value } }
-}
-
-impl<'a> std::fmt::Display for Display<'a> {
+impl std::fmt::Display for Display<'_> {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-		let Url { loc, scheme } = self.inner;
-		if scheme.is_virtual() {
-			Encode(self.inner).fmt(f)?;
+		let (kind, loc) = (self.0.kind(), self.0.loc());
+		if kind.is_virtual() {
+			Encode(self.0).fmt(f)?;
 		}
 		loc.display().fmt(f)
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/encode.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/encode.rs
index 3e578404..1695e50e 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/encode.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/encode.rs
@@ -1,93 +1,28 @@
-use std::{fmt::{self, Display}, ops::Not};
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
 
-use percent_encoding::{AsciiSet, CONTROLS, PercentEncode, percent_encode};
+use percent_encoding::{CONTROLS, percent_encode};
 
-use crate::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
+use crate::url::Url;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct Encode<'a>(pub Url<'a>);
 
-impl<'a> From<&'a UrlBuf> for Encode<'a> {
-	fn from(value: &'a UrlBuf) -> Self { Self(value.as_url()) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Encode<'a> {
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn domain<'s>(s: &'s str) -> PercentEncode<'s> {
-		const SET: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b'/').add(b':');
-		percent_encode(s.as_bytes(), SET)
-	}
-
-	fn ports(self) -> impl Display {
-		struct D<'a>(Encode<'a>);
-
-		impl Display for D<'_> {
-			fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-				macro_rules! w {
-					($default_uri:expr, $default_urn:expr) => {{
-						let uri = self.0.0.loc.uri().components().count();
-						let urn = self.0.0.loc.urn().components().count();
-						match (uri != $default_uri, urn != $default_urn) {
-							(true, true) => write!(f, ":{uri}:{urn}"),
-							(true, false) => write!(f, ":{uri}"),
-							(false, true) => write!(f, "::{urn}"),
-							(false, false) => Ok(()),
-						}
-					}};
-				}
-
-				match self.0.0.scheme {
-					SchemeRef::Regular => Ok(()),
-					SchemeRef::Search(_) | SchemeRef::Archive(_) => w!(0, 0),
-					SchemeRef::Sftp(_) => w!(
-						self.0.0.loc.as_os_str().is_empty().not() as usize,
-						self.0.0.loc.file_name().is_some() as usize
-					),
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		D(self)
-	}
-}
-
 impl Display for Encode<'_> {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-		match self.0.scheme {
-			S::Regular => write!(f, "regular://"),
-			S::Search(d) => write!(f, "search://{}{}/", Self::domain(d), self.ports()),
-			S::Archive(d) => write!(f, "archive://{}{}/", Self::domain(d), self.ports()),
-			S::Sftp(d) => write!(f, "sftp://{}{}/", Self::domain(d), self.ports()),
-		}
-	}
-}
+		use crate::scheme::Encode as E;
 
-// --- Tilded
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct EncodeTilded<'a>(pub Url<'a>);
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a UrlBuf> for EncodeTilded<'a> {
-	fn from(value: &'a UrlBuf) -> Self { Self(value.as_url()) }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<EncodeTilded<'a>> for Encode<'a> {
-	fn from(value: EncodeTilded<'a>) -> Self { Self(value.0) }
-}
-
-impl Display for EncodeTilded<'_> {
-	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-		use Encode as E;
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-
-		let loc = percent_encode(self.0.loc.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes(), CONTROLS);
-		match self.0.scheme {
-			S::Regular => write!(f, "regular~://{loc}"),
-			S::Search(d) => write!(f, "search~://{}{}/{loc}", E::domain(d), E::ports((*self).into())),
-			S::Archive(d) => {
-				write!(f, "archive~://{}{}/{loc}", E::domain(d), E::ports((*self).into()))
+		let loc = percent_encode(self.0.loc().encoded_bytes(), CONTROLS);
+		match self.0 {
+			Url::Regular(_) => write!(f, "regular~://{loc}"),
+			Url::Search { domain, .. } => {
+				write!(f, "search~://{}{}/{loc}", E::domain(domain), E::ports((*self).into()))
+			}
+			Url::Archive { domain, .. } => {
+				write!(f, "archive~://{}{}/{loc}", E::domain(domain), E::ports((*self).into()))
+			}
+			Url::Sftp { domain, .. } => {
+				write!(f, "sftp~://{}{}/{loc}", E::domain(domain), E::ports((*self).into()))
 			}
-			S::Sftp(d) => write!(f, "sftp~://{}{}/{loc}", E::domain(d), E::ports((*self).into())),
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/like.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/like.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48e7b847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/like.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, path::Path};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::{path::{AsPathRef, EndsWithError, JoinError, PathDyn, StartsWithError, StripPrefixError}, scheme::{SchemeKind, SchemeRef}, strand::{AsStrand, Strand}, url::{AsUrl, Components, Display, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+
+pub trait UrlLike
+where
+	Self: AsUrl,
+{
+	fn as_local(&self) -> Option<&Path> { self.as_url().as_local() }
+
+	fn base(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.as_url().base() }
+
+	fn components(&self) -> Components<'_> { self.as_url().into() }
+
+	fn covariant(&self, other: impl AsUrl) -> bool { self.as_url().covariant(other) }
+
+	fn display(&self) -> Display<'_> { Display(self.as_url()) }
+
+	fn ext(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.as_url().ext() }
+
+	fn has_base(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().has_base() }
+
+	fn has_root(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().has_root() }
+
+	fn has_trail(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().has_trail() }
+
+	fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_absolute() }
+
+	fn is_archive(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_archive() }
+
+	fn is_internal(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_internal() }
+
+	fn is_regular(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_regular() }
+
+	fn is_search(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_search() }
+
+	fn kind(&self) -> SchemeKind { self.as_url().kind() }
+
+	fn loc(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_url().loc() }
+
+	fn name(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.as_url().name() }
+
+	fn os_str(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> { self.components().os_str() }
+
+	fn pair(&self) -> Option<(Url<'_>, PathDyn<'_>)> { self.as_url().pair() }
+
+	fn parent(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { self.as_url().parent() }
+
+	fn scheme(&self) -> SchemeRef<'_> { self.as_url().scheme() }
+
+	fn stem(&self) -> Option<Strand<'_>> { self.as_url().stem() }
+
+	fn trail(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.as_url().trail() }
+
+	fn triple(&self) -> (PathDyn<'_>, PathDyn<'_>, PathDyn<'_>) { self.as_url().triple() }
+
+	fn try_ends_with(&self, child: impl AsUrl) -> Result<bool, EndsWithError> {
+		self.as_url().try_ends_with(child)
+	}
+
+	fn try_join(&self, path: impl AsStrand) -> Result<UrlBuf, JoinError> {
+		self.as_url().try_join(path)
+	}
+
+	fn try_replace<'a>(&self, take: usize, path: impl AsPathRef<'a>) -> Result<UrlCow<'a>> {
+		self.as_url().try_replace(take, path)
+	}
+
+	fn try_starts_with(&self, base: impl AsUrl) -> Result<bool, StartsWithError> {
+		self.as_url().try_starts_with(base)
+	}
+
+	fn try_strip_prefix(&self, base: impl AsUrl) -> Result<PathDyn<'_>, StripPrefixError> {
+		self.as_url().try_strip_prefix(base)
+	}
+
+	fn uri(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_url().uri() }
+
+	fn urn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_url().urn() }
+}
+
+impl UrlLike for UrlBuf {}
+impl UrlLike for UrlCow<'_> {}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/mod.rs
index c94d033a..207f15eb 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(buf component cov cow display encode traits url);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(buf component components cov cow display encode like traits url);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/traits.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/traits.rs
index 49fc2950..0b0c5d73 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/traits.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/traits.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
-use crate::{loc::Loc, path::{AsPathDyn, PathDyn}, scheme::{AsScheme, SchemeRef}, url::{Components, Display, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use crate::{loc::Loc, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 // --- AsUrl
 pub trait AsUrl {
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub trait AsUrl {
 
 impl AsUrl for Path {
 	#[inline]
-	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { Url { loc: Loc::bare(self), scheme: SchemeRef::Regular } }
+	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { Url::Regular(Loc::bare(self)) }
 }
 
 impl AsUrl for &Path {
@@ -27,15 +27,6 @@ impl AsUrl for &PathBuf {
 	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { (*self).as_path().as_url() }
 }
 
-impl AsUrl for PathDyn<'_> {
-	#[inline]
-	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> {
-		match *self {
-			Self::Os(p) => p.as_url(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 impl AsUrl for Url<'_> {
 	#[inline]
 	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { *self }
@@ -43,7 +34,14 @@ impl AsUrl for Url<'_> {
 
 impl AsUrl for UrlBuf {
 	#[inline]
-	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { Url { loc: self.loc.as_loc(), scheme: self.scheme.as_scheme() } }
+	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => Url::Regular(loc.as_loc()),
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => Url::Search { loc: loc.as_loc(), domain },
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => Url::Archive { loc: loc.as_loc(), domain },
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => Url::Sftp { loc: loc.as_loc(), domain },
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 impl AsUrl for &UrlBuf {
@@ -57,20 +55,29 @@ impl AsUrl for &mut UrlBuf {
 }
 
 impl AsUrl for UrlCow<'_> {
-	#[inline]
 	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> {
 		match self {
-			UrlCow::Borrowed { loc, scheme } => Url { loc: *loc, scheme: scheme.as_scheme() },
-			UrlCow::Owned { loc, scheme } => Url { loc: loc.as_loc(), scheme: scheme.as_scheme() },
+			Self::Regular(loc) => Url::Regular(loc.as_loc()),
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => Url::Search { loc: loc.as_loc(), domain },
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => Url::Archive { loc: loc.as_loc(), domain },
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => Url::Sftp { loc: loc.as_loc(), domain },
+
+			Self::RegularRef(loc) => Url::Regular(*loc),
+			Self::SearchRef { loc, domain } => Url::Search { loc: *loc, domain },
+			Self::ArchiveRef { loc, domain } => Url::Archive { loc: *loc, domain },
+			Self::SftpRef { loc, domain } => Url::Sftp { loc: *loc, domain },
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl AsUrl for &UrlCow<'_> {
-	#[inline]
 	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { (**self).as_url() }
 }
 
+impl AsUrl for super::Components<'_> {
+	fn as_url(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.url() }
+}
+
 impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for Url<'a>
 where
 	T: AsUrl + ?Sized,
@@ -84,54 +91,3 @@ where
 {
 	fn from(value: &'a mut T) -> Self { value.as_url() }
 }
-
-// UrlLike
-pub trait UrlLike
-where
-	Self: AsUrl + Sized,
-{
-	fn as_path(&self) -> Option<&Path> { self.as_url().as_path() }
-
-	fn base(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { self.as_url().base() }
-
-	fn components(&self) -> Components<'_> { self.as_url().into() }
-
-	fn covariant(&self, other: impl AsUrl) -> bool { self.as_url().covariant(other) }
-
-	fn display(&self) -> Display<'_> { self.as_url().into() }
-
-	fn ends_with(&self, child: impl AsUrl) -> bool { self.as_url().ends_with(child) }
-
-	fn ext(&self) -> Option<&OsStr> { self.as_url().ext() }
-
-	fn has_root(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().has_root() }
-
-	fn has_trail(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().has_trail() }
-
-	fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool { self.as_url().is_absolute() }
-
-	fn join(&self, path: impl AsPathDyn) -> UrlBuf { self.as_url().join(path) }
-
-	fn name(&self) -> Option<&OsStr> { self.as_url().name() }
-
-	fn os_str(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> { self.components().os_str() }
-
-	fn pair(&self) -> Option<(Url<'_>, PathDyn<'_>)> { self.as_url().pair() }
-
-	fn parent(&self) -> Option<Url<'_>> { self.as_url().parent() }
-
-	fn starts_with(&self, base: impl AsUrl) -> bool { self.as_url().starts_with(base) }
-
-	fn stem(&self) -> Option<&OsStr> { self.as_url().stem() }
-
-	fn strip_prefix(&self, base: impl AsUrl) -> Option<PathDyn<'_>> {
-		self.as_url().strip_prefix(base)
-	}
-
-	fn uri(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_url().uri() }
-
-	fn urn(&self) -> PathDyn<'_> { self.as_url().urn() }
-}
-
-impl UrlLike for UrlBuf {}
-impl UrlLike for UrlCow<'_> {}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/url/url.rs b/yazi-shared/src/url/url.rs
index 9c3e38a9..54fdd1e1 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/url/url.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/url/url.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, fmt::{Debug, Formatter}, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
 
+use anyhow::Result;
 use hashbrown::Equivalent;
+use serde::Serialize;
 
-use crate::{loc::{Loc, LocBuf}, path::{AsPathDyn, PathDyn, PathLike}, scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, Components, Encode, UrlBuf}};
+use super::Encode as EncodeUrl;
+use crate::{loc::{Loc, LocBuf}, path::{AsPath, AsPathRef, EndsWithError, JoinError, PathBufDyn, PathDyn, PathDynError, PathLike, StartsWithError, StripPrefixError, StripSuffixError}, pool::InternStr, scheme::{Encode as EncodeScheme, SchemeCow, SchemeKind, SchemeRef}, strand::{AsStrand, Strand}, url::{AsUrl, Components, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Url<'a> {
-	pub loc:    Loc<'a>,
-	pub scheme: SchemeRef<'a>,
+pub enum Url<'a> {
+	Regular(Loc<'a>),
+	Search { loc: Loc<'a>, domain: &'a str },
+	Archive { loc: Loc<'a>, domain: &'a str },
+	Sftp { loc: Loc<'a, &'a typed_path::UnixPath>, domain: &'a str },
 }
 
 // --- Eq
@@ -23,195 +28,436 @@ impl Equivalent<UrlBuf> for Url<'_> {
 // --- Debug
 impl Debug for Url<'_> {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-		if self.scheme == SchemeRef::Regular {
-			write!(f, "{}", self.loc.display())
+		if self.is_regular() {
+			write!(f, "{}", self.loc().display())
 		} else {
-			write!(f, "{}{}", Encode(*self), self.loc.display())
+			write!(f, "{}{}", EncodeScheme(*self), self.loc().display())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Serialize for Url<'_> {
+	fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+		let (kind, loc) = (self.kind(), self.loc());
+		match (kind == SchemeKind::Regular, loc.to_str()) {
+			(true, Ok(s)) => serializer.serialize_str(s),
+			(false, Ok(s)) => serializer.serialize_str(&format!("{}{s}", EncodeScheme(*self))),
+			(_, Err(_)) => serializer.collect_str(&EncodeUrl(*self)),
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl<'a> Url<'a> {
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn regular<T: AsRef<Path> + ?Sized>(path: &'a T) -> Self {
-		Self { loc: Loc::bare(path.as_ref()), scheme: SchemeRef::Regular }
+	pub fn as_local(self) -> Option<&'a Path> {
+		self.loc().as_os().ok().filter(|_| self.kind().is_local())
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_regular(self) -> bool { self.scheme == SchemeRef::Regular }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn into_regular(self) -> Self {
-		Self { loc: Loc::bare(self.loc.as_path()), scheme: SchemeRef::Regular }
+	pub fn as_regular(self) -> Result<Self, PathDynError> {
+		Ok(Self::Regular(Loc::bare(self.loc().as_os()?)))
 	}
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_search(self) -> bool { matches!(self.scheme, SchemeRef::Search(_)) }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_absolute(self) -> bool {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-
-		match self.scheme {
-			S::Regular | S::Search(_) => self.loc.is_absolute(),
-			S::Archive(_) | S::Sftp(_) => self.loc.has_root(),
+	pub fn base(self) -> Self {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => Self::Regular(Loc::bare(loc.base())),
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => Self::Search { loc: Loc::zeroed(loc.base()), domain },
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => Self::Archive { loc: Loc::zeroed(loc.base()), domain },
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => Self::Sftp { loc: Loc::bare(loc.base()), domain },
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn has_root(self) -> bool { self.loc.has_root() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn to_owned(self) -> UrlBuf { self.into() }
-
-	pub fn join(self, path: impl AsPathDyn) -> UrlBuf {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-
-		let joined = match path.as_path_dyn() {
-			PathDyn::Os(p) => self.loc.join(p),
-		};
-
-		let loc = match self.scheme {
-			S::Regular => joined.into(),
-			S::Search(_) => LocBuf::<PathBuf>::new(joined, self.loc.base(), self.loc.base()),
-			S::Archive(_) => LocBuf::<PathBuf>::floated(joined, self.loc.base()),
-			S::Sftp(_) => joined.into(),
-		};
-
-		UrlBuf { loc, scheme: self.scheme.into() }
-	}
-
-	pub fn strip_prefix(self, base: impl AsUrl) -> Option<PathDyn<'a>> {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-
-		let base = base.as_url();
-		let prefix = self.loc.strip_prefix(base.loc)?.into();
-
-		match (self.scheme, base.scheme) {
-			// Same scheme
-			(S::Regular, S::Regular) => Some(prefix),
-			(S::Search(_), S::Search(_)) => Some(prefix),
-			(S::Archive(a), S::Archive(b)) => Some(prefix).filter(|_| a == b),
-			(S::Sftp(a), S::Sftp(b)) => Some(prefix).filter(|_| a == b),
-
-			// Both are local files
-			(S::Regular, S::Search(_)) => Some(prefix),
-			(S::Search(_), S::Regular) => Some(prefix),
-
-			// Only the entry of archives is a local file
-			(S::Regular, S::Archive(_)) => Some(prefix).filter(|_| base.uri().is_empty()),
-			(S::Search(_), S::Archive(_)) => Some(prefix).filter(|_| base.uri().is_empty()),
-			(S::Archive(_), S::Regular) => Some(prefix).filter(|_| self.uri().is_empty()),
-			(S::Archive(_), S::Search(_)) => Some(prefix).filter(|_| self.uri().is_empty()),
-
-			// Independent virtual file space
-			(S::Regular, S::Sftp(_)) => None,
-			(S::Search(_), S::Sftp(_)) => None,
-			(S::Archive(_), S::Sftp(_)) => None,
-			(S::Sftp(_), S::Regular) => None,
-			(S::Sftp(_), S::Search(_)) => None,
-			(S::Sftp(_), S::Archive(_)) => None,
-		}
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn uri(self) -> PathDyn<'a> { self.loc.uri().into() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn urn(self) -> PathDyn<'a> { self.loc.urn().into() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn name(self) -> Option<&'a OsStr> { self.loc.name() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn stem(self) -> Option<&'a OsStr> { self.loc.stem() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn ext(self) -> Option<&'a OsStr> { self.loc.ext() }
-
-	pub fn base(self) -> Option<Self> {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-
-		if !self.loc.has_base() {
-			return None;
-		}
-
-		let loc = Loc::bare(self.loc.base());
-		Some(match self.scheme {
-			S::Regular => Self { loc, scheme: S::Regular },
-			S::Search(_) => Self { loc, scheme: self.scheme },
-			S::Archive(_) => Self { loc, scheme: self.scheme },
-			S::Sftp(_) => Self { loc, scheme: self.scheme },
-		})
-	}
-
-	pub fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> {
-		use SchemeRef as S;
-
-		let parent = self.loc.parent()?;
-		let uri = self.loc.uri();
-
-		Some(match self.scheme {
-			// Regular
-			S::Regular => Self { loc: Loc::bare(parent), scheme: S::Regular },
-
-			// Search
-			S::Search(_) if uri.as_os_str().is_empty() => {
-				Self { loc: Loc::bare(parent), scheme: S::Regular }
-			}
-			S::Search(_) => {
-				Self { loc: Loc::new(parent, self.loc.base(), self.loc.base()), scheme: self.scheme }
-			}
-
-			// Archive
-			S::Archive(_) if uri.as_os_str().is_empty() => {
-				Self { loc: Loc::bare(parent), scheme: S::Regular }
-			}
-			S::Archive(_) if uri.components().nth(1).is_none() => {
-				Self { loc: Loc::zeroed(parent), scheme: self.scheme }
-			}
-			S::Archive(_) => Self { loc: Loc::floated(parent, self.loc.base()), scheme: self.scheme },
-
-			// SFTP
-			S::Sftp(_) => Self { loc: Loc::bare(parent), scheme: self.scheme },
-		})
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn starts_with(self, base: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
-		let base = base.as_url();
-		self.scheme.covariant(base.scheme) && self.loc.starts_with(base.loc)
-	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn ends_with(self, child: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
-		let child = child.as_url();
-		self.scheme.covariant(child.scheme) && self.loc.ends_with(child.loc)
-	}
-
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn components(self) -> Components<'a> { Components::from(self) }
 
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn covariant(self, other: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
+		let other = other.as_url();
+		self.loc() == other.loc() && self.scheme().covariant(other.scheme())
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn ext(self) -> Option<Strand<'a>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.extension()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.extension()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.extension()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.extension()?.as_strand(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn has_base(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.has_base(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.has_base(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.has_base(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.has_base(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn has_root(self) -> bool { self.loc().has_root() }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn has_trail(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.has_trail(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.has_trail(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.has_trail(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.has_trail(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_absolute(self) -> bool { self.loc().is_absolute() }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_archive(self) -> bool { matches!(self, Self::Archive { .. }) }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_internal(self) -> bool {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(_) | Self::Sftp { .. } => true,
+			Self::Search { .. } => !self.uri().is_empty(),
+			Self::Archive { .. } => false,
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_regular(self) -> bool { matches!(self, Self::Regular(_)) }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_search(self) -> bool { matches!(self, Self::Search { .. }) }
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn kind(self) -> SchemeKind {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(_) => SchemeKind::Regular,
+			Self::Search { .. } => SchemeKind::Search,
+			Self::Archive { .. } => SchemeKind::Archive,
+			Self::Sftp { .. } => SchemeKind::Sftp,
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn loc(self) -> PathDyn<'a> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.as_path(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.as_path(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.as_path(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.as_path(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn name(self) -> Option<Strand<'a>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.file_name()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.file_name()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.file_name()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.file_name()?.as_strand(),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn os_str(self) -> Cow<'a, OsStr> { self.components().os_str() }
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn covariant(self, other: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
+	pub fn pair(self) -> Option<(Self, PathDyn<'a>)> { Some((self.parent()?, self.urn())) }
+
+	pub fn parent(self) -> Option<Self> {
+		let uri = self.uri();
+
+		Some(match self {
+			// Regular
+			Self::Regular(loc) => Self::regular(loc.parent()?),
+
+			// Search
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } if uri.is_empty() => Self::regular(loc.parent()?),
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => {
+				Self::Search { loc: Loc::new(loc.parent()?, loc.base(), loc.base()), domain }
+			}
+
+			// Archive
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } if uri.is_empty() => Self::regular(loc.parent()?),
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } if uri.components().nth(1).is_none() => {
+				Self::Archive { loc: Loc::zeroed(loc.parent()?), domain }
+			}
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => {
+				Self::Archive { loc: Loc::floated(loc.parent()?, loc.base()), domain }
+			}
+
+			// SFTP
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => Self::Sftp { loc: Loc::bare(loc.parent()?), domain },
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn regular<T: AsRef<Path> + ?Sized>(path: &'a T) -> Self {
+		Self::Regular(Loc::bare(path.as_ref()))
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn scheme(self) -> SchemeRef<'a> {
+		let (uri, urn) = SchemeCow::retrieve_ports(self);
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(_) => SchemeRef::Regular { uri, urn },
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } => SchemeRef::Search { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } => SchemeRef::Archive { domain, uri, urn },
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => SchemeRef::Sftp { domain, uri, urn },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn stem(self) -> Option<Strand<'a>> {
+		Some(match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.file_stem()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.file_stem()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.file_stem()?.as_strand(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.file_stem()?.as_strand(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn to_owned(self) -> UrlBuf { self.into() }
+
+	pub fn trail(self) -> Self {
+		let uri = self.uri();
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => Self::Regular(Loc::bare(loc.trail())),
+
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } if uri.is_empty() => {
+				Self::Search { loc: Loc::zeroed(loc.trail()), domain }
+			}
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } => {
+				Self::Search { loc: Loc::new(loc.trail(), loc.base(), loc.base()), domain }
+			}
+
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } if uri.is_empty() => {
+				Self::Archive { loc: Loc::zeroed(loc.trail()), domain }
+			}
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } => {
+				Self::Archive { loc: Loc::new(loc.trail(), loc.base(), loc.base()), domain }
+			}
+
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } => Self::Sftp { loc: Loc::bare(loc.trail()), domain },
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn triple(self) -> (PathDyn<'a>, PathDyn<'a>, PathDyn<'a>) {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) | Self::Search { loc, .. } | Self::Archive { loc, .. } => {
+				let (base, rest, urn) = loc.triple();
+				(base.as_path(), rest.as_path(), urn.as_path())
+			}
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => {
+				let (base, rest, urn) = loc.triple();
+				(base.as_path(), rest.as_path(), urn.as_path())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn try_ends_with(self, child: impl AsUrl) -> Result<bool, EndsWithError> {
+		let child = child.as_url();
+		Ok(self.loc().try_ends_with(child.loc())? && self.scheme().covariant(child.scheme()))
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_join(self, path: impl AsStrand) -> Result<UrlBuf, JoinError> {
+		let joined = self.loc().try_join(path)?;
+
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Regular(_) => UrlBuf::Regular(joined.into_os()?.into()),
+
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } if joined.try_starts_with(loc.base())? => UrlBuf::Search {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::new(joined.try_into()?, loc.base(), loc.base()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Search {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(joined.into_os()?),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } if joined.try_starts_with(loc.base())? => UrlBuf::Archive {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::floated(joined.try_into()?, loc.base()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Archive {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::zeroed(joined.into_os()?),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => {
+				UrlBuf::Sftp { loc: joined.into_unix()?.into(), domain: domain.intern() }
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_replace<'b>(self, take: usize, to: impl AsPathRef<'b>) -> Result<UrlCow<'b>> {
+		self.try_replace_impl(take, to.as_path_ref())
+	}
+
+	fn try_replace_impl<'b>(self, take: usize, rep: PathDyn<'b>) -> Result<UrlCow<'b>> {
+		let b = rep.encoded_bytes();
+		if take == 0 {
+			return UrlCow::try_from(b);
+		} else if SchemeKind::parse(b)?.is_some() {
+			return UrlCow::try_from(b);
+		}
+
+		let loc = self.loc();
+		let mut path = PathBufDyn::from_components(loc.kind(), loc.components().take(take - 1))?;
+		path.try_push(rep)?;
+
+		let url = match self {
+			Self::Regular(_) => UrlBuf::from(path.into_os()?),
+
+			Self::Search { loc, domain } if path.try_starts_with(loc.trail())? => UrlBuf::Search {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<PathBuf>::new(path.into_os()?, loc.base(), loc.trail()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+			Self::Archive { loc, domain } if path.try_starts_with(loc.trail())? => UrlBuf::Archive {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::new(path.into_os()?, loc.base(), loc.trail()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+			Self::Sftp { loc, domain } if path.try_starts_with(loc.trail())? => UrlBuf::Sftp {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>::new(path.into_unix()?, loc.base(), loc.trail()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+
+			Self::Search { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Search {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::saturated(path.into_os()?, self.kind()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+			Self::Archive { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Archive {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<std::path::PathBuf>::saturated(path.into_os()?, self.kind()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+			Self::Sftp { domain, .. } => UrlBuf::Sftp {
+				loc:    LocBuf::<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>::saturated(path.into_unix()?, self.kind()),
+				domain: domain.intern(),
+			},
+		};
+
+		Ok(url.into())
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn try_starts_with(self, base: impl AsUrl) -> Result<bool, StartsWithError> {
+		let base = base.as_url();
+		Ok(self.loc().try_starts_with(base.loc())? && self.scheme().covariant(base.scheme()))
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_strip_prefix(self, base: impl AsUrl) -> Result<PathDyn<'a>, StripPrefixError> {
+		use StripPrefixError::{Exotic, NotPrefix};
+		use Url as U;
+
+		let base = base.as_url();
+		let prefix = self.loc().try_strip_prefix(base.loc())?;
+
+		match (self, base) {
+			// Same scheme
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Regular(_)) => Ok(prefix),
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Search { .. }) => Ok(prefix),
+			(U::Archive { domain: a, .. }, U::Archive { domain: b, .. }) => {
+				Some(prefix).filter(|_| a == b).ok_or(Exotic)
+			}
+			(U::Sftp { domain: a, .. }, U::Sftp { domain: b, .. }) => {
+				Some(prefix).filter(|_| a == b).ok_or(Exotic)
+			}
+
+			// Both are local files
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Search { .. }) => Ok(prefix),
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Regular(_)) => Ok(prefix),
+
+			// Only the entry of archives is a local file
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Archive { .. }) => {
+				Some(prefix).filter(|_| base.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotPrefix)
+			}
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Archive { .. }) => {
+				Some(prefix).filter(|_| base.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotPrefix)
+			}
+			(U::Archive { .. }, U::Regular(_)) => {
+				Some(prefix).filter(|_| self.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotPrefix)
+			}
+			(U::Archive { .. }, U::Search { .. }) => {
+				Some(prefix).filter(|_| self.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotPrefix)
+			}
+
+			// Independent virtual file space
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Sftp { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Sftp { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Archive { .. }, U::Sftp { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Sftp { .. }, U::Regular(_)) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Sftp { .. }, U::Search { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Sftp { .. }, U::Archive { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn try_strip_suffix(self, other: impl AsUrl) -> Result<PathDyn<'a>, StripSuffixError> {
+		use StripSuffixError::{Exotic, NotSuffix};
+		use Url as U;
+
 		let other = other.as_url();
-		self.scheme.covariant(other.scheme) && self.loc == other.loc
+		let suffix = self.loc().try_strip_suffix(other.loc())?;
+
+		match (self, other) {
+			// Same scheme
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Regular(_)) => Ok(suffix),
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Search { .. }) => Ok(suffix),
+			(U::Archive { domain: a, .. }, U::Archive { domain: b, .. }) => {
+				Some(suffix).filter(|_| a == b).ok_or(Exotic)
+			}
+			(U::Sftp { domain: a, .. }, U::Sftp { domain: b, .. }) => {
+				Some(suffix).filter(|_| a == b).ok_or(Exotic)
+			}
+
+			// Both are local files
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Search { .. }) => Ok(suffix),
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Regular(_)) => Ok(suffix),
+
+			// Only the entry of archives is a local file
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Archive { .. }) => {
+				Some(suffix).filter(|_| other.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotSuffix)
+			}
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Archive { .. }) => {
+				Some(suffix).filter(|_| other.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotSuffix)
+			}
+			(U::Archive { .. }, U::Regular(_)) => {
+				Some(suffix).filter(|_| self.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotSuffix)
+			}
+			(U::Archive { .. }, U::Search { .. }) => {
+				Some(suffix).filter(|_| self.uri().is_empty()).ok_or(NotSuffix)
+			}
+
+			// Independent virtual file space
+			(U::Regular(_), U::Sftp { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Search { .. }, U::Sftp { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Archive { .. }, U::Sftp { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Sftp { .. }, U::Regular(_)) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Sftp { .. }, U::Search { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+			(U::Sftp { .. }, U::Archive { .. }) => Err(Exotic),
+		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn pair(self) -> Option<(Self, PathDyn<'a>)> { Some((self.parent()?, self.loc.urn().into())) }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn as_path(self) -> Option<&'a Path> {
-		Some(self.loc.as_path()).filter(|_| self.scheme.is_local())
+	pub fn uri(self) -> PathDyn<'a> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.uri().as_path(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.uri().as_path(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.uri().as_path(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.uri().as_path(),
+		}
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn has_base(self) -> bool { self.loc.has_base() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn has_trail(self) -> bool { self.loc.has_trail() }
+	pub fn urn(self) -> PathDyn<'a> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Regular(loc) => loc.urn().as_path(),
+			Self::Search { loc, .. } => loc.urn().as_path(),
+			Self::Archive { loc, .. } => loc.urn().as_path(),
+			Self::Sftp { loc, .. } => loc.urn().as_path(),
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/mod.rs b/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a7d6a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(validator wtf8);
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/validator.rs b/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/validator.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..247589e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/validator.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub(super) fn valid_wtf8(bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
+	let mut i = 0;
+	while i < bytes.len() {
+		let b = bytes[i];
+		if b < 0b1000_0000 {
+			// ASCII
+			i += 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// 2-byte: 110x_xxxx 10xx_xxxx
+		// first byte must be >= 0b1100_0010 to forbid overlongs
+		if (b & 0b1110_0000) == 0b1100_0000 {
+			if b < 0b1100_0010 {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if i + 1 >= bytes.len() {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if (bytes[i + 1] & 0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000 {
+				return false;
+			}
+			i += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// 3-byte: 1110_xxxx 10xx_xxxx 10xx_xxxx
+		if (b & 0b1111_0000) == 0b1110_0000 {
+			if i + 2 >= bytes.len() {
+				return false;
+			}
+			let (b1, b2) = (bytes[i + 1], bytes[i + 2]);
+			if (b1 & 0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000 || (b2 & 0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000 {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if b == 0b1110_0000 && b1 < 0b1010_0000 {
+				// to forbid overlongs, second byte must be >= 0xA0
+				return false;
+			}
+			i += 3;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// 4-byte: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+		if (b & 0b1111_1000) == 0b1111_0000 {
+			if b > 0b1111_0100 {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if i + 3 >= bytes.len() {
+				return false;
+			}
+			let (b1, b2, b3) = (bytes[i + 1], bytes[i + 2], bytes[i + 3]);
+			if (b1 & 0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000
+				|| (b2 & 0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000
+				|| (b3 & 0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+			if b == 0b1111_0000 && b1 < 0b1001_0000 {
+				// to forbid overlongs for > U+FFFF, second byte must be >= 0x90
+				return false;
+			} else if b == 0b1111_0100 && b1 > 0b1000_1111 {
+				// to stay <= U+10FFFF, second byte must be <= 0x8F
+				return false;
+			}
+			i += 4;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+	true
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_valid_wtf8() {
+		let cases: &[(&[u8], bool)] = &[
+			// Valid ASCII
+			(b"hello", true),
+			// Valid 2-byte UTF-8
+			(&[0xc2, 0xa0], true), // U+00A0
+			// Invalid 2-byte: overlong encoding
+			(&[0xc0, 0x80], false), // overlong for U+0000
+			(&[0xc1, 0xbf], false), // overlong for U+007F
+			// Valid 3-byte UTF-8
+			(&[0xe0, 0xa0, 0x80], true), // U+0800
+			// Invalid 3-byte: overlong encoding
+			(&[0xe0, 0x9f, 0xbf], false), // overlong for U+07FF
+			// WTF-8 specific: unpaired surrogates (should be valid in WTF-8)
+			((&[0xed, 0xa0, 0x80]), true), // U+D800 = ED A0 80 (high surrogate)
+			((&[0xed, 0xbf, 0xbf]), true), // U+DFFF = ED BF BF (low surrogate)
+			// Valid 4-byte UTF-8
+			((&[0xf0, 0x90, 0x80, 0x80]), true), // U+10000
+			// Invalid 4-byte: overlong
+			((&[0xf0, 0x8f, 0xbf, 0xbf]), false), // overlong for U+FFFF
+			// Invalid 4-byte: beyond U+10FFFF
+			((&[0xf4, 0x90, 0x80, 0x80]), false), // U+110000
+			// Invalid continuation byte
+			((&[0xc2, 0x00]), false),
+			// Incomplete sequence
+			((&[0xc2]), false),
+			((&[0xe0, 0xa0]), false),
+			((&[0xf0, 0x90, 0x80]), false),
+		];
+
+		for &(input, expected) in cases {
+			assert_eq!(valid_wtf8(input), expected, "input: {:?}", input);
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/wtf8.rs b/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/wtf8.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ab86e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/wtf8/wtf8.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+// --- AsWtf8
+pub trait AsWtf8 {
+	fn as_wtf8(&self) -> &[u8];
+}
+
+impl AsWtf8 for OsStr {
+	fn as_wtf8(&self) -> &[u8] {
+		#[cfg(unix)]
+		{
+			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+			self.as_bytes()
+		}
+		#[cfg(windows)]
+		{
+			self.as_encoded_bytes()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- FromWtf8
+pub trait FromWtf8 {
+	fn from_wtf8(wtf8: &[u8]) -> Result<&Self>;
+}
+
+impl FromWtf8 for OsStr {
+	fn from_wtf8(wtf8: &[u8]) -> Result<&Self> {
+		#[cfg(unix)]
+		{
+			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+			Ok(Self::from_bytes(wtf8))
+		}
+		#[cfg(windows)]
+		{
+			if super::valid_wtf8(wtf8) {
+				Ok(unsafe { Self::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(wtf8) })
+			} else {
+				Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Invalid WTF-8 sequence"))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl FromWtf8 for std::path::Path {
+	fn from_wtf8(wtf8: &[u8]) -> Result<&Self> { Ok(OsStr::from_wtf8(wtf8)?.as_ref()) }
+}
+
+// --- FromWtf8Vec
+pub trait FromWtf8Vec {
+	fn from_wtf8_vec(wtf8: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self>
+	where
+		Self: Sized;
+}
+
+impl FromWtf8Vec for OsString {
+	fn from_wtf8_vec(wtf8: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> {
+		#[cfg(unix)]
+		{
+			use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
+			Ok(Self::from_vec(wtf8))
+		}
+		#[cfg(windows)]
+		{
+			if super::valid_wtf8(&wtf8) {
+				Ok(unsafe { Self::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(wtf8) })
+			} else {
+				Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Invalid WTF-8 sequence"))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl FromWtf8Vec for std::path::PathBuf {
+	fn from_wtf8_vec(wtf8: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(OsString::from_wtf8_vec(wtf8)?.into()) }
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shim/Cargo.toml b/yazi-shim/Cargo.toml
index 069ae5c2..70bceaff 100644
--- a/yazi-shim/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-shim/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-shim"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ description = "Yazi crate shims"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-macro = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-macro = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 twox-hash = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-shim/README.md b/yazi-shim/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66f18015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-shim/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-shim
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-term/Cargo.toml b/yazi-term/Cargo.toml
index a75c8946..5cdd5ca0 100644
--- a/yazi-term/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-term/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-term"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ description = "Yazi terminal extensions"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # Logging
 tracing = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-term/README.md b/yazi-term/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..965513dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-term/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-term
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-term/src/background.rs b/yazi-term/src/background.rs
index de20c482..0ec18df7 100644
--- a/yazi-term/src/background.rs
+++ b/yazi-term/src/background.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pub struct SetBackground(pub bool, pub String);
 impl crossterm::Command for SetBackground {
 	fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
 		if self.1.is_empty() {
-			return Ok(());
+			Ok(())
 		} else if self.0 {
 			write!(f, "\x1b]11;{}\x1b\\", self.1)
 		} else {
diff --git a/yazi-term/src/lib.rs b/yazi-term/src/lib.rs
index c743409c..1be38f4f 100644
--- a/yazi-term/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-term/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(tty);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(background cursor r#if);
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml b/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml
index 4e755ae8..0b4dac5f 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-vfs"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ description = "Yazi virtual file system"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-sftp   = { path = "../yazi-sftp", version = "0.1.0" }
-yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-sftp   = { path = "../yazi-sftp", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow      = { workspace = true }
@@ -24,3 +27,4 @@ parking_lot = { workspace = true }
 russh       = { workspace = true }
 tokio       = { workspace = true }
 tracing     = { workspace = true }
+typed-path  = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/README.md b/yazi-vfs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91c709f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-vfs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-vfs
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs
index 6da53277..ed57afdf 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl VfsFiles for Files {
 
 	async fn from_dir_bulk(dir: &UrlBuf) -> std::io::Result<Vec<File>> {
 		let mut it = provider::read_dir(dir).await?;
-		let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(5000);
+		let mut entries = Vec::new();
 		while let Ok(Some(entry)) = it.next().await {
 			entries.push(entry);
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs
index d6b035e4..479d54d5 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsString, io};
+use std::io::{self};
 
-use tokio::{select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}};
-use yazi_fs::provider::Attrs;
 use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
-use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlLike};
+use yazi_shared::{strand::{StrandBuf, StrandLike}, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 use crate::provider;
 
@@ -15,11 +13,7 @@ pub async fn maybe_exists(url: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
 	}
 }
 
-#[inline]
-pub async fn must_be_dir(url: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
-	provider::metadata(url).await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_dir())
-}
-
+// TODO: deprecate
 pub async fn unique_name<F>(u: UrlBuf, append: F) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
 where
 	F: Future<Output = bool>,
@@ -36,92 +30,91 @@ async fn _unique_name(mut url: UrlBuf, append: bool) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
 		return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "empty file stem"));
 	};
 
-	let dot_ext = url.ext().map_or_else(OsString::new, |e| {
-		let mut s = OsString::with_capacity(e.len() + 1);
-		s.push(".");
-		s.push(e);
-		s
-	});
+	let dot_ext = match url.ext() {
+		Some(e) => {
+			let mut s = StrandBuf::with_capacity(url.kind(), e.len() + 1);
+			s.push_str(".");
+			s.try_push(e)?;
+			s
+		}
+		None => StrandBuf::default(),
+	};
 
-	let mut name = OsString::with_capacity(stem.len() + dot_ext.len() + 5);
+	let mut name = StrandBuf::with_capacity(url.kind(), stem.len() + dot_ext.len() + 5);
 	for i in 1u64.. {
 		name.clear();
-		name.push(&stem);
+		name.try_push(&stem)?;
 
 		if append {
-			name.push(&dot_ext);
-			name.push(format!("_{i}"));
+			name.try_push(&dot_ext)?;
+			name.push_str(format!("_{i}"));
 		} else {
-			name.push(format!("_{i}"));
-			name.push(&dot_ext);
+			name.push_str(format!("_{i}"));
+			name.try_push(&dot_ext)?;
 		}
 
-		url.set_name(&name);
+		url.try_set_name(&name)?;
 		ok_or_not_found!(provider::symlink_metadata(&url).await, break);
 	}
 
 	Ok(url)
 }
 
-pub fn copy_with_progress<U, V, A>(
-	from: U,
-	to: V,
-	attrs: A,
-) -> mpsc::Receiver<Result<u64, io::Error>>
-where
-	U: AsUrl,
-	V: AsUrl,
-	A: Into<Attrs>,
-{
-	_copy_with_progress(from.as_url(), to.as_url(), attrs.into())
+pub async fn unique_file(u: UrlBuf, is_dir: bool) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+	let result = if is_dir {
+		provider::create_dir(&u).await
+	} else {
+		provider::create_new(&u).await.map(|_| ())
+	};
+
+	match result {
+		Ok(()) => Ok(u),
+		Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => _unique_file(u, is_dir).await,
+		Err(e) => Err(e),
+	}
 }
 
-fn _copy_with_progress(from: Url, to: Url, attrs: Attrs) -> mpsc::Receiver<Result<u64, io::Error>> {
-	let (prog_tx, prog_rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
-	let (done_tx, mut done_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+async fn _unique_file(mut url: UrlBuf, is_dir: bool) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+	let Some(stem) = url.stem().map(|s| s.to_owned()) else {
+		return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "empty file stem"));
+	};
 
-	tokio::spawn({
-		let (from, to) = (from.to_owned(), to.to_owned());
-		async move {
-			done_tx.send(provider::copy(from, to, attrs).await).ok();
+	let dot_ext = match url.ext() {
+		Some(e) => {
+			let mut s = StrandBuf::with_capacity(url.kind(), e.len() + 1);
+			s.push_str(".");
+			s.try_push(e)?;
+			s
 		}
-	});
+		None => StrandBuf::default(),
+	};
 
-	tokio::spawn({
-		let (prog_tx, to) = (prog_tx.to_owned(), to.to_owned());
-		async move {
-			let mut last = 0;
-			let mut done = None;
-			loop {
-				select! {
-					res = &mut done_rx => done = Some(res.unwrap()),
-					_ = prog_tx.closed() => break,
-					_ = tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)) => {},
-				}
+	let mut name = StrandBuf::with_capacity(url.kind(), stem.len() + dot_ext.len() + 5);
+	for i in 1u64.. {
+		name.clear();
+		name.try_push(&stem)?;
 
-				match done {
-					Some(Ok(len)) => {
-						if len > last {
-							prog_tx.send(Ok(len - last)).await.ok();
-						}
-						prog_tx.send(Ok(0)).await.ok();
-						break;
-					}
-					Some(Err(e)) => {
-						prog_tx.send(Err(e)).await.ok();
-						break;
-					}
-					None => {}
-				}
-
-				let len = provider::symlink_metadata(&to).await.map(|m| m.len).unwrap_or(0);
-				if len > last {
-					prog_tx.send(Ok(len - last)).await.ok();
-					last = len;
-				}
-			}
+		if is_dir {
+			name.try_push(&dot_ext)?;
+			name.push_str(format!("_{i}"));
+		} else {
+			name.push_str(format!("_{i}"));
+			name.try_push(&dot_ext)?;
 		}
-	});
 
-	prog_rx
+		url.try_set_name(&name)?;
+		let result = if is_dir {
+			provider::create_dir(&url).await
+		} else {
+			provider::create_new(&url).await.map(|_| ())
+		};
+
+		match result {
+			Ok(()) => break,
+			Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => {}
+			Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+		};
+	}
+
+	Ok(url)
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs
index 28b92170..8abc3e7d 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else, clippy::unit_arg)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(provider);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cha file files fns op);
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs
index 68a7783c..b0fe21d8 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use yazi_fs::FilesOp;
-use yazi_shared::{path::PathLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
 
 use crate::maybe_exists;
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ impl VfsFilesOp for FilesOp {
 		} else if maybe_exists(cwd).await {
 			Self::IOErr(cwd.clone(), err).emit();
 		} else if let Some((p, n)) = cwd.pair() {
-			Self::Deleting(p.into(), [n.owned()].into()).emit();
+			Self::Deleting(p.into(), [n.into()].into()).emit();
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f8f81c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+use std::{io::{self, SeekFrom}, sync::{Arc, atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering}}};
+
+use futures::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
+use tokio::{io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncSeekExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader, BufWriter}, select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}};
+use yazi_fs::provider::{Attrs, FileBuilder};
+use yazi_shared::url::{Url, UrlBuf};
+
+use crate::provider::{self, Gate};
+
+const BUF_SIZE: usize = 512 * 1024;
+const PER_CHUNK: u64 = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+pub(super) async fn copy_impl(from: Url<'_>, to: Url<'_>, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64> {
+	let src = provider::open(from).await?;
+	let dist = provider::create(to).await?;
+
+	let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, src);
+	let mut writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, dist);
+	let written = tokio::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer).await?;
+
+	writer.flush().await?;
+	writer.get_ref().set_attrs(attrs).await.ok();
+	writer.shutdown().await.ok();
+	Ok(written)
+}
+
+pub(super) fn copy_with_progress_impl(
+	from: UrlBuf,
+	to: UrlBuf,
+	attrs: Attrs,
+) -> mpsc::Receiver<io::Result<u64>> {
+	let acc = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0));
+	let (from, to) = (Arc::new(from), Arc::new(to));
+	let (prog_tx, prog_rx) = mpsc::channel(10);
+	let (done_tx, mut done_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
+	let (acc_, prog_tx_) = (acc.clone(), prog_tx.clone());
+	tokio::spawn(async move {
+		let init = async {
+			let src = provider::open(&*from).await?;
+			let cha = src.metadata().await?;
+
+			let dist = provider::create(&*to).await?;
+			dist.set_len(cha.len).await?;
+			Ok((cha, Some(src), Some(dist)))
+		};
+
+		let (cha, mut src, mut dist) = match init.await {
+			Ok(r) => r,
+			Err(e) => {
+				prog_tx_.send(Err(e)).await.ok();
+				done_tx.send(()).ok();
+				return;
+			}
+		};
+
+		let chunks = cha.len.div_ceil(PER_CHUNK);
+		let it = futures::stream::iter(0..chunks)
+			.map(|i| {
+				let acc_ = acc_.clone();
+				let (from, to) = (from.clone(), to.clone());
+				let (src, dist) = (src.take(), dist.take());
+				async move {
+					let offset = i * PER_CHUNK;
+					let take = cha.len.saturating_sub(offset).min(PER_CHUNK);
+
+					let mut src = BufReader::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, match src {
+						Some(f) => f,
+						None => provider::open(&*from).await?,
+					});
+					let mut dist = BufWriter::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, match dist {
+						Some(f) => f,
+						None => Gate::default().write(true).open(&*to).await?,
+					});
+
+					src.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset)).await?;
+					dist.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset)).await?;
+
+					let mut src = src.take(take);
+					let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+					let mut copied = 0u64;
+					loop {
+						let n = src.read(&mut buf).await?;
+						if n == 0 {
+							break;
+						}
+
+						dist.write_all(&buf[..n]).await?;
+						copied += n as u64;
+						acc_.fetch_add(n as u64, Ordering::SeqCst);
+					}
+					dist.flush().await?;
+
+					if copied != take {
+						Err(io::Error::other(format!(
+							"short copy for chunk {i}: copied {copied} bytes, expected {take}"
+						)))
+					} else if i == chunks - 1 {
+						Ok(Some(dist.into_inner()))
+					} else {
+						dist.shutdown().await.ok();
+						Ok(None)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			.buffer_unordered(4)
+			.try_fold(None, |first, file| async { Ok(first.or(file)) });
+
+		let mut result = select! {
+			r = it => r,
+			_ = prog_tx_.closed() => return,
+		};
+		done_tx.send(()).ok();
+
+		let n = acc_.swap(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
+		if n > 0 {
+			prog_tx_.send(Ok(n)).await.ok();
+		}
+
+		if let Ok(Some(file)) = &mut result {
+			file.set_attrs(attrs).await.ok();
+			file.shutdown().await.ok();
+		}
+
+		if let Err(e) = result {
+			prog_tx_.send(Err(e)).await.ok();
+		} else {
+			prog_tx_.send(Ok(0)).await.ok();
+		}
+	});
+
+	tokio::spawn(async move {
+		loop {
+			select! {
+				_ = &mut done_rx => break,
+				_ = prog_tx.closed() => break,
+				_ = tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)) => {},
+			}
+
+			let n = acc.swap(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
+			if n > 0 {
+				prog_tx.send(Ok(n)).await.ok();
+			}
+		}
+	});
+
+	prog_rx
+}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/dir_entry.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/dir_entry.rs
index db1e0173..40b75e64 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/dir_entry.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/dir_entry.rs
@@ -1,55 +1,46 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, io, sync::Arc};
+use std::io;
 
 use yazi_fs::{cha::{Cha, ChaType}, provider::FileHolder};
-use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathBufDyn, strand::StrandCow, url::UrlBuf};
 
 pub enum DirEntry {
-	Regular(yazi_fs::provider::local::DirEntry),
-	Search((Arc<UrlBuf>, yazi_fs::provider::local::DirEntry)),
-	Sftp((Arc<UrlBuf>, super::sftp::DirEntry)),
+	Local(yazi_fs::provider::local::DirEntry),
+	Sftp(super::sftp::DirEntry),
 }
 
 impl FileHolder for DirEntry {
-	fn path(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+	async fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<ChaType> {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular(ent) => ent.path(),
-			Self::Search((_, ent)) => ent.path(),
-			Self::Sftp((_, ent)) => ent.path(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn name(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Regular(ent) => ent.name(),
-			Self::Search((_, ent)) => ent.name(),
-			Self::Sftp((_, ent)) => ent.name(),
+			Self::Local(entry) => entry.file_type().await,
+			Self::Sftp(entry) => entry.file_type().await,
 		}
 	}
 
 	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular(ent) => ent.metadata().await,
-			Self::Search((_, ent)) => ent.metadata().await,
-			Self::Sftp((_, ent)) => ent.metadata().await,
+			Self::Local(entry) => entry.metadata().await,
+			Self::Sftp(entry) => entry.metadata().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<ChaType> {
+	fn name(&self) -> StrandCow<'_> {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular(ent) => ent.file_type().await,
-			Self::Search((_, ent)) => ent.file_type().await,
-			Self::Sftp((_, ent)) => ent.file_type().await,
+			Self::Local(entry) => entry.name(),
+			Self::Sftp(entry) => entry.name(),
 		}
 	}
-}
 
-impl DirEntry {
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn url(&self) -> UrlBuf {
+	fn path(&self) -> PathBufDyn {
 		match self {
-			Self::Regular(ent) => ent.path().into(),
-			Self::Search((dir, ent)) => dir.join(ent.name()),
-			Self::Sftp((dir, ent)) => dir.join(ent.name()),
+			Self::Local(entry) => entry.path(),
+			Self::Sftp(entry) => entry.path(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn url(&self) -> UrlBuf {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(entry) => entry.url(),
+			Self::Sftp(entry) => entry.url(),
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/gate.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/gate.rs
index 8031e902..a62f9465 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/gate.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/gate.rs
@@ -1,99 +1,96 @@
-use std::{io, path::Path};
+use std::io;
 
 use yazi_fs::provider::{Attrs, FileBuilder};
-use yazi_shared::scheme::SchemeRef;
+use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeKind, url::AsUrl};
 
-pub enum Gate {
-	Local(yazi_fs::provider::local::Gate),
-	Sftp(super::sftp::Gate),
-}
-
-impl From<yazi_fs::provider::local::Gate> for Gate {
-	fn from(value: yazi_fs::provider::local::Gate) -> Self { Self::Local(value) }
-}
-
-impl From<super::sftp::Gate> for Gate {
-	fn from(value: super::sftp::Gate) -> Self { Self::Sftp(value) }
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct Gate {
+	pub(super) append:     bool,
+	pub(super) attrs:      Attrs,
+	pub(super) create:     bool,
+	pub(super) create_new: bool,
+	pub(super) read:       bool,
+	pub(super) truncate:   bool,
+	pub(super) write:      bool,
 }
 
 impl FileBuilder for Gate {
 	type File = super::RwFile;
 
 	fn append(&mut self, append: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.append(append),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.append(append),
-		};
+		self.append = append;
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn attrs(&mut self, attrs: Attrs) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.attrs(attrs),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.attrs(attrs),
-		};
+		self.attrs = attrs;
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn create(&mut self, create: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.create(create),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.create(create),
-		};
+		self.create = create;
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.create_new(create_new),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.create_new(create_new),
-		};
+		self.create_new = create_new;
 		self
 	}
 
-	async fn new(scheme: SchemeRef<'_>) -> io::Result<Self> {
-		Ok(match scheme {
-			SchemeRef::Regular | SchemeRef::Search(_) => {
-				yazi_fs::provider::local::Gate::new(scheme).await?.into()
+	async fn open<U>(&self, url: U) -> io::Result<Self::File>
+	where
+		U: AsUrl,
+	{
+		let url = url.as_url();
+		Ok(match url.kind() {
+			SchemeKind::Regular | SchemeKind::Search => {
+				self.build::<yazi_fs::provider::local::Gate>().open(url).await?.into()
 			}
-			SchemeRef::Archive(_) => {
+			SchemeKind::Archive => {
 				Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Unsupported filesystem: archive"))?
 			}
-			SchemeRef::Sftp(_) => super::sftp::Gate::new(scheme).await?.into(),
-		})
-	}
-
-	async fn open<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::File>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(match self {
-			Gate::Local(g) => g.open(path).await?.into(),
-			Gate::Sftp(g) => g.open(path).await?.into(),
+			SchemeKind::Sftp => self.build::<super::sftp::Gate>().open(url).await?.into(),
 		})
 	}
 
 	fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.read(read),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.read(read),
-		};
+		self.read = read;
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn truncate(&mut self, truncate: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.truncate(truncate),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.truncate(truncate),
-		};
+		self.truncate = truncate;
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn write(&mut self, write: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		match self {
-			Self::Local(g) => _ = g.write(write),
-			Self::Sftp(g) => _ = g.write(write),
-		};
+		self.write = write;
 		self
 	}
 }
+
+impl Gate {
+	fn build<T: FileBuilder>(self) -> T {
+		let mut gate = T::default();
+		if self.append {
+			gate.append(true);
+		}
+		gate.attrs(self.attrs);
+		if self.create {
+			gate.create(true);
+		}
+		if self.create_new {
+			gate.create_new(true);
+		}
+		if self.read {
+			gate.read(true);
+		}
+		if self.truncate {
+			gate.truncate(true);
+		}
+		if self.write {
+			gate.write(true);
+		}
+		gate
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/mod.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/mod.rs
index 913efe06..375515cc 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(sftp);
 
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(calculator dir_entry gate provider providers read_dir rw_file);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(calculator copier dir_entry gate provider providers read_dir rw_file);
 
 pub(super) fn init() { sftp::init(); }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
index 1ddddc99..52d9a011 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::io;
 
-use tokio::io::{AsyncWriteExt, BufReader, BufWriter};
-use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Provider, local::Local}};
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Capabilities, Provider, local::Local}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathBufDyn, strand::AsStrand, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 use super::{Providers, ReadDir, RwFile};
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub async fn absolute<'a, U>(url: &'a U) -> io::Result<UrlCow<'a>>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.absolute(url).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.absolute().await
 }
 
 pub async fn calculate<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<u64>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
 	let url = url.as_url();
-	if let Some(path) = url.as_path() {
+	if let Some(path) = url.as_local() {
 		yazi_fs::provider::local::SizeCalculator::total(path).await
 	} else {
 		super::SizeCalculator::total(url).await
@@ -29,32 +29,21 @@ pub async fn canonicalize<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	let canon = Providers::new(url).await?.canonicalize(url.loc).await?;
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.canonicalize().await
+}
 
-	Ok(match url.scheme {
-		SchemeRef::Regular | SchemeRef::Search(_) => canon.into(),
-		SchemeRef::Archive(_) => {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Unsupported filesystem: archive"))?
-		}
-		SchemeRef::Sftp(_) => UrlBuf { loc: canon.into(), scheme: url.scheme.into() },
-	})
+pub async fn capabilities<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<Capabilities>
+where
+	U: AsUrl,
+{
+	Ok(Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.capabilities())
 }
 
 pub async fn casefold<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	let fold = Providers::new(url).await?.casefold(url.loc).await?;
-
-	Ok(match url.scheme {
-		SchemeRef::Regular | SchemeRef::Search(_) => fold.into(),
-		SchemeRef::Archive(_) => {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Unsupported filesystem: archive"))?
-		}
-		SchemeRef::Sftp(_) => UrlBuf { loc: fold.into(), scheme: url.scheme.into() },
-	})
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.casefold().await
 }
 
 pub async fn copy<U, V>(from: U, to: V, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
@@ -64,23 +53,34 @@ where
 {
 	let (from, to) = (from.as_url(), to.as_url());
 
-	match (from.as_path(), to.as_path()) {
-		(Some(from), Some(to)) => Local.copy(from, to, attrs).await,
-		(None, None) if from.scheme.covariant(to.scheme) => {
-			Providers::new(from).await?.copy(from.loc, to.loc, attrs).await
+	match (from.kind().is_local(), to.kind().is_local()) {
+		(true, true) => Local::new(from).await?.copy(to.loc(), attrs).await,
+		(false, false) if from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme()) => {
+			Providers::new(from).await?.copy(to.loc(), attrs).await
 		}
-		(Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) | (None, None) => {
-			let src = Providers::new(from).await?.open(from.loc).await?;
-			let dist = Providers::new(to).await?.create(to.loc).await?;
+		(true, false) | (false, true) | (false, false) => super::copy_impl(from, to, attrs).await,
+	}
+}
 
-			let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(524288, src);
-			let mut writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(524288, dist);
-			let written = tokio::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer).await?;
+pub async fn copy_with_progress<U, V, A>(
+	from: U,
+	to: V,
+	attrs: A,
+) -> io::Result<mpsc::Receiver<Result<u64, io::Error>>>
+where
+	U: AsUrl,
+	V: AsUrl,
+	A: Into<Attrs>,
+{
+	let (from, to) = (from.as_url(), to.as_url());
 
-			writer.flush().await?;
-			writer.get_ref().set_attrs(attrs).await.ok();
-			writer.shutdown().await.ok();
-			Ok(written)
+	match (from.kind().is_local(), to.kind().is_local()) {
+		(true, true) => Local::new(from).await?.copy_with_progress(to.loc(), attrs),
+		(false, false) if from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme()) => {
+			Providers::new(from).await?.copy_with_progress(to.loc(), attrs)
+		}
+		(true, false) | (false, true) | (false, false) => {
+			Ok(super::copy_with_progress_impl(from.to_owned(), to.to_owned(), attrs.into()))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -89,24 +89,28 @@ pub async fn create<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<RwFile>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.create(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.create().await
 }
 
 pub async fn create_dir<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.create_dir(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.create_dir().await
 }
 
 pub async fn create_dir_all<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.create_dir_all(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.create_dir_all().await
+}
+
+pub async fn create_new<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<RwFile>
+where
+	U: AsUrl,
+{
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.create_new().await
 }
 
 pub async fn hard_link<U, V>(original: U, link: V) -> io::Result<()>
@@ -115,8 +119,8 @@ where
 	V: AsUrl,
 {
 	let (original, link) = (original.as_url(), link.as_url());
-	if original.scheme.covariant(link.scheme) {
-		Providers::new(original).await?.hard_link(original.loc, link.loc).await
+	if original.scheme().covariant(link.scheme()) {
+		Providers::new(original).await?.hard_link(link.loc()).await
 	} else {
 		Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::CrossesDevices))
 	}
@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@ where
 	U: AsUrl,
 	V: AsUrl,
 {
-	if let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (a.as_url().as_path(), b.as_url().as_path()) {
+	if let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (a.as_url().as_local(), b.as_url().as_local()) {
 		yazi_fs::provider::local::identical(a, b).await
 	} else {
 		Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Unsupported filesystem"))
@@ -138,8 +142,7 @@ pub async fn metadata<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<Cha>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.metadata(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.metadata().await
 }
 
 pub async fn must_identical<U, V>(a: U, b: V) -> bool
@@ -150,52 +153,53 @@ where
 	identical(a, b).await.unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
+pub async fn open<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<RwFile>
+where
+	U: AsUrl,
+{
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.open().await
+}
+
 pub async fn read_dir<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<ReadDir>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.read_dir(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.read_dir().await
 }
 
-pub async fn read_link<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
+pub async fn read_link<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<PathBufDyn>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.read_link(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.read_link().await
 }
 
 pub async fn remove_dir<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.remove_dir(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.remove_dir().await
 }
 
 pub async fn remove_dir_all<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.remove_dir_all(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.remove_dir_all().await
 }
 
 pub async fn remove_dir_clean<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Ok(Providers::new(url).await?.remove_dir_clean(url.loc).await)
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.remove_dir_clean().await
 }
 
 pub async fn remove_file<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.remove_file(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.remove_file().await
 }
 
 pub async fn rename<U, V>(from: U, to: V) -> io::Result<()>
@@ -204,52 +208,62 @@ where
 	V: AsUrl,
 {
 	let (from, to) = (from.as_url(), to.as_url());
-	if from.scheme.covariant(to.scheme) {
-		Providers::new(from).await?.rename(from.loc, to.loc).await
+	if from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme()) {
+		Providers::new(from).await?.rename(to.loc()).await
 	} else {
 		Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::CrossesDevices))
 	}
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink<U, F>(original: &Path, link: U, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+pub async fn symlink<U, S, F>(link: U, original: S, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
+	S: AsStrand,
 	F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 {
-	let link = link.as_url();
-	Providers::new(link).await?.symlink(original, link.loc, is_dir).await
+	Providers::new(link.as_url()).await?.symlink(original, is_dir).await
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink_dir<U>(original: &Path, link: U) -> io::Result<()>
+pub async fn symlink_dir<U, S>(link: U, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
+	S: AsStrand,
 {
-	let link = link.as_url();
-	Providers::new(link).await?.symlink_dir(original, link.loc).await
+	Providers::new(link.as_url()).await?.symlink_dir(original).await
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink_file<U>(original: &Path, link: U) -> io::Result<()>
+pub async fn symlink_file<U, S>(link: U, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
+	S: AsStrand,
 {
-	let link = link.as_url();
-	Providers::new(link).await?.symlink_file(original, link.loc).await
+	Providers::new(link.as_url()).await?.symlink_file(original).await
 }
 
 pub async fn symlink_metadata<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<Cha>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.symlink_metadata(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.symlink_metadata().await
 }
 
 pub async fn trash<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.trash(url.loc).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.trash().await
+}
+
+pub fn try_absolute<'a, U>(url: U) -> Option<UrlCow<'a>>
+where
+	U: Into<UrlCow<'a>>,
+{
+	let url = url.into();
+	match url.as_url() {
+		Url::Regular(_) | Url::Search { .. } => yazi_fs::provider::local::try_absolute(url),
+		Url::Archive { .. } => None, // TODO
+		Url::Sftp { .. } => crate::provider::sftp::try_absolute(url),
+	}
 }
 
 pub async fn write<U, C>(url: U, contents: C) -> io::Result<()>
@@ -257,6 +271,5 @@ where
 	U: AsUrl,
 	C: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {
-	let url = url.as_url();
-	Providers::new(url).await?.write(url.loc, contents).await
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.write(contents).await
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
index aac8c07e..48aefbbc 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
@@ -1,274 +1,239 @@
-use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}, sync::Arc};
+use std::io;
 
-use yazi_config::vfs::{ProviderSftp, Vfs};
-use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Provider, local::Local}};
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlCow}};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Capabilities, Provider}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, strand::AsStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
-pub(super) struct Providers<'a>(Inner<'a>);
-
-enum Inner<'a> {
-	Regular,
-	Search(Url<'a>),
-	Sftp((super::sftp::Sftp, Url<'a>)),
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(super) enum Providers<'a> {
+	Local(yazi_fs::provider::local::Local<'a>),
+	Sftp(super::sftp::Sftp<'a>),
 }
 
-impl<'a> Providers<'a> {
-	pub(super) async fn new(url: Url<'a>) -> io::Result<Self> {
-		Ok(match url.scheme {
-			SchemeRef::Regular => Self(Inner::Regular),
-			SchemeRef::Search(_) => Self(Inner::Search(url)),
-			SchemeRef::Archive(_) => {
-				Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Unsupported filesystem: archive"))?
-			}
-			SchemeRef::Sftp(name) => {
-				Self(Inner::Sftp((Vfs::provider::<&ProviderSftp>(name).await?.into(), url)))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-impl Provider for Providers<'_> {
+impl<'a> Provider for Providers<'a> {
 	type File = super::RwFile;
 	type Gate = super::Gate;
+	type Me<'b> = Providers<'b>;
 	type ReadDir = super::ReadDir;
+	type UrlCow = UrlCow<'a>;
 
-	async fn absolute<'a, U>(&self, url: &'a U) -> io::Result<UrlCow<'a>>
-	where
-		U: AsUrl,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.absolute(url).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.absolute(url).await,
+	async fn absolute(&self) -> io::Result<Self::UrlCow> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.absolute().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.absolute().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn canonicalize<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.canonicalize(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.canonicalize(path).await,
+	async fn canonicalize(&self) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.canonicalize().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.canonicalize().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn casefold<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.casefold(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.casefold(path).await,
+	fn capabilities(&self) -> Capabilities {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.capabilities(),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.capabilities(),
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn copy<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.copy(from, to, attrs).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.copy(from, to, attrs).await,
+	async fn casefold(&self) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.casefold().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.casefold().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn create<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::File>
+	async fn copy<P>(&self, to: P, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: AsPath,
 	{
-		Ok(match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.create(path).await?.into(),
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.create(path).await?.into(),
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.copy(to, attrs).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.copy(to, attrs).await,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn copy_with_progress<P, A>(&self, to: P, attrs: A) -> io::Result<mpsc::Receiver<io::Result<u64>>>
+	where
+		P: AsPath,
+		A: Into<Attrs>,
+	{
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.copy_with_progress(to, attrs),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.copy_with_progress(to, attrs),
+		}
+	}
+
+	async fn create(&self) -> io::Result<Self::File> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.create().await?.into(),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.create().await?.into(),
 		})
 	}
 
-	async fn create_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.create_dir(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.create_dir(path).await,
+	async fn create_dir(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.create_dir().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.create_dir().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn create_dir_all<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.create_dir_all(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.create_dir_all(path).await,
+	async fn create_dir_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.create_dir_all().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.create_dir_all().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn gate(&self) -> io::Result<Self::Gate> {
-		Ok(match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.gate().await?.into(),
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.gate().await?.into(),
+	async fn create_new(&self) -> io::Result<Self::File> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.create_new().await?.into(),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.create_new().await?.into(),
 		})
 	}
 
-	async fn hard_link<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn hard_link<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: AsPath,
 	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.hard_link(original, link).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.hard_link(original, link).await,
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.hard_link(to).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.hard_link(to).await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Cha>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.metadata(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.metadata(path).await,
+	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.metadata().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.metadata().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn open<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::File>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.open(path).await?.into(),
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.open(path).await?.into(),
-		})
-	}
+	async fn new<'b>(url: Url<'b>) -> io::Result<Self::Me<'b>> {
+		use yazi_shared::scheme::SchemeKind as K;
 
-	async fn read_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::ReadDir>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular => Self::ReadDir::Regular(Local.read_dir(path).await?),
-			Inner::Search(dir) => {
-				Self::ReadDir::Search((Arc::new(dir.to_owned()), Local.read_dir(path).await?))
-			}
-			Inner::Sftp((p, dir)) => {
-				Self::ReadDir::Sftp((Arc::new(dir.to_owned()), p.read_dir(path).await?))
+		Ok(match url.kind() {
+			K::Regular | K::Search => Self::Me::Local(yazi_fs::provider::local::Local::new(url).await?),
+			K::Archive => {
+				Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Unsupported filesystem: archive"))?
 			}
+			K::Sftp => Self::Me::Sftp(super::sftp::Sftp::new(url).await?),
 		})
 	}
 
-	async fn read_link<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.read_link(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.read_link(path).await,
+	async fn open(&self) -> io::Result<Self::File> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.open().await?.into(),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.open().await?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	async fn read_dir(self) -> io::Result<Self::ReadDir> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => Self::ReadDir::Local(p.read_dir().await?),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => Self::ReadDir::Sftp(p.read_dir().await?),
+		})
+	}
+
+	async fn read_link(&self) -> io::Result<PathBufDyn> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.read_link().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.read_link().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn remove_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.remove_dir(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.remove_dir(path).await,
+	async fn remove_dir(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.remove_dir().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.remove_dir().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn remove_dir_all<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.remove_dir_all(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.remove_dir_all(path).await,
+	async fn remove_dir_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.remove_dir_all().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.remove_dir_all().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn remove_file<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.remove_file(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.remove_file(path).await,
+	async fn remove_file(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.remove_file().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.remove_file().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn rename<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn rename<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: AsPath,
 	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.rename(from, to).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.rename(from, to).await,
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.rename(to).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.rename(to).await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink<P, Q, F>(&self, original: P, link: Q, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.symlink(original, link, is_dir).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.symlink(original, link, is_dir).await,
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.symlink(original, is_dir).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.symlink(original, is_dir).await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink_dir<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_dir<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.symlink_dir(original, link).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.symlink_dir(original, link).await,
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.symlink_dir(original).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.symlink_dir(original).await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink_file<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_file<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.symlink_file(original, link).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.symlink_file(original, link).await,
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.symlink_file(original).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.symlink_file(original).await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink_metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Cha>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.symlink_metadata(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.symlink_metadata(path).await,
+	async fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Cha> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.symlink_metadata().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.symlink_metadata().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn trash<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.trash(path).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.trash(path).await,
+	async fn trash(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.trash().await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.trash().await,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn write<P, C>(&self, path: P, contents: C) -> io::Result<()>
+	fn url(&self) -> Url<'_> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.url(),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.url(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	async fn write<C>(&self, contents: C) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
 		C: AsRef<[u8]>,
 	{
-		match self.0 {
-			Inner::Regular | Inner::Search(_) => Local.write(path, contents).await,
-			Inner::Sftp((p, _)) => p.write(path, contents).await,
+		match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.write(contents).await,
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.write(contents).await,
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/read_dir.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/read_dir.rs
index 303144a4..55e63159 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/read_dir.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/read_dir.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-use std::{io, sync::Arc};
+use std::io;
 
 use yazi_fs::provider::DirReader;
-use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
 
 pub enum ReadDir {
-	Regular(yazi_fs::provider::local::ReadDir),
-	Search((Arc<UrlBuf>, yazi_fs::provider::local::ReadDir)),
-	Sftp((Arc<UrlBuf>, super::sftp::ReadDir)),
+	Local(yazi_fs::provider::local::ReadDir),
+	Sftp(super::sftp::ReadDir),
 }
 
 impl DirReader for ReadDir {
@@ -14,13 +12,8 @@ impl DirReader for ReadDir {
 
 	async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<Self::Entry>> {
 		Ok(match self {
-			Self::Regular(reader) => reader.next().await?.map(Self::Entry::Regular),
-			Self::Search((dir, reader)) => {
-				reader.next().await?.map(|ent| Self::Entry::Search((dir.clone(), ent)))
-			}
-			Self::Sftp((dir, reader)) => {
-				reader.next().await?.map(|ent| Self::Entry::Sftp((dir.clone(), ent)))
-			}
+			Self::Local(reader) => reader.next().await?.map(Self::Entry::Local),
+			Self::Sftp(reader) => reader.next().await?.map(Self::Entry::Sftp),
 		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/rw_file.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/rw_file.rs
index 8f8cb1df..0b4e6e0d 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/rw_file.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/rw_file.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::{io, pin::Pin};
 
-use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
+use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncSeek, AsyncWrite};
 use yazi_fs::provider::Attrs;
 
 pub enum RwFile {
@@ -17,26 +17,47 @@ impl From<yazi_sftp::fs::File> for RwFile {
 }
 
 impl RwFile {
+	// FIXME: path
+	pub async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Tokio(f) => yazi_fs::cha::Cha::new("// FIXME", f.metadata().await?),
+			Self::Sftp(f) => super::sftp::Cha::try_from(("// FIXME".as_bytes(), &f.fstat().await?))?.0,
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub async fn set_attrs(&self, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<()> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Tokio(f) => {
+				let (perm, times) = (attrs.try_into(), attrs.try_into());
+				if perm.is_err() && times.is_err() {
+					return Ok(());
+				}
+
 				let std = f.try_clone().await?.into_std().await;
 				tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-					#[cfg(unix)]
-					if let Some(mode) = attrs.mode {
-						std.set_permissions(mode.into()).ok();
-					}
-					std.set_times(attrs.into()).ok();
+					perm.map(|p| std.set_permissions(p)).ok();
+					times.map(|t| std.set_times(t)).ok();
 				})
 				.await?;
 			}
 			Self::Sftp(f) => {
-				f.fsetstat(&super::sftp::Attrs(attrs).into()).await?;
+				if let Ok(attrs) = super::sftp::Attrs(attrs).try_into() {
+					f.fsetstat(&attrs).await?;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		Ok(())
 	}
+
+	pub async fn set_len(&self, size: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Tokio(f) => f.set_len(size).await?,
+			Self::Sftp(f) => {
+				f.fsetstat(&yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs { size: Some(size), ..Default::default() }).await?
+			}
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 impl AsyncRead for RwFile {
@@ -53,6 +74,27 @@ impl AsyncRead for RwFile {
 	}
 }
 
+impl AsyncSeek for RwFile {
+	#[inline]
+	fn start_seek(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, position: io::SeekFrom) -> io::Result<()> {
+		match &mut *self {
+			Self::Tokio(f) => Pin::new(f).start_seek(position),
+			Self::Sftp(f) => Pin::new(f).start_seek(position),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	fn poll_complete(
+		mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+		cx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
+	) -> std::task::Poll<io::Result<u64>> {
+		match &mut *self {
+			Self::Tokio(f) => Pin::new(f).poll_complete(cx),
+			Self::Sftp(f) => Pin::new(f).poll_complete(cx),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 impl AsyncWrite for RwFile {
 	#[inline]
 	fn poll_write(
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/absolute.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/absolute.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..567d804b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/absolute.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use yazi_fs::CWD;
+use yazi_shared::url::{UrlCow, UrlLike};
+
+pub fn try_absolute<'a, U>(url: U) -> Option<UrlCow<'a>>
+where
+	U: Into<UrlCow<'a>>,
+{
+	try_absolute_impl(url.into())
+}
+
+fn try_absolute_impl<'a>(url: UrlCow<'a>) -> Option<UrlCow<'a>> {
+	if url.is_absolute() {
+		Some(url)
+	} else if let cwd = CWD.load()
+		&& cwd.scheme().covariant(url.scheme())
+	{
+		Some(cwd.try_join(url.loc()).ok()?.into())
+	} else {
+		None
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/conn.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/conn.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d77cf1c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/conn.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+use std::{io, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+
+use russh::keys::PrivateKeyWithHashAlg;
+use yazi_config::vfs::ServiceSftp;
+use yazi_fs::provider::local::Local;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct Conn {
+	pub(super) name:   &'static str,
+	pub(super) config: &'static ServiceSftp,
+}
+
+impl russh::client::Handler for Conn {
+	type Error = russh::Error;
+
+	async fn check_server_key(
+		&mut self,
+		_server_public_key: &russh::keys::PublicKey,
+	) -> Result<bool, Self::Error> {
+		Ok(true)
+	}
+}
+
+impl deadpool::managed::Manager for Conn {
+	type Error = io::Error;
+	type Type = yazi_sftp::Operator;
+
+	async fn create(&self) -> Result<Self::Type, Self::Error> {
+		let channel = self.connect().await.map_err(|e| {
+			io::Error::other(format!("Failed to connect to SFTP server `{}`: {e}", self.name))
+		})?;
+
+		let mut op = yazi_sftp::Operator::make(channel.into_stream());
+		op.init().await?;
+		Ok(op)
+	}
+
+	async fn recycle(
+		&self,
+		obj: &mut Self::Type,
+		_metrics: &deadpool::managed::Metrics,
+	) -> deadpool::managed::RecycleResult<Self::Error> {
+		if obj.is_closed() {
+			Err(deadpool::managed::RecycleError::Message("Channel closed".into()))
+		} else {
+			Ok(())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Conn {
+	pub(super) async fn roll(self) -> io::Result<deadpool::managed::Object<Self>> {
+		use deadpool::managed::PoolError;
+
+		let pool = *super::CONN.lock().entry(self.config).or_insert_with(|| {
+			Box::leak(Box::new(
+				deadpool::managed::Pool::builder(self)
+					.runtime(deadpool::Runtime::Tokio1)
+					.max_size(8)
+					.create_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(45)))
+					.build()
+					.unwrap(),
+			))
+		});
+
+		pool.get().await.map_err(|e| match e {
+			PoolError::Timeout(_) => io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, e.to_string()),
+			PoolError::Backend(e) => e,
+			PoolError::Closed | PoolError::NoRuntimeSpecified | PoolError::PostCreateHook(_) => {
+				io::Error::other(e.to_string())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	async fn connect(self) -> Result<russh::Channel<russh::client::Msg>, russh::Error> {
+		let pref = Arc::new(russh::client::Config {
+			inactivity_timeout: Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)),
+			keepalive_interval: Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10)),
+			..Default::default()
+		});
+
+		let session = if self.config.password.is_some() {
+			self.connect_by_password(pref).await
+		} else if !self.config.key_file.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+			self.connect_by_key(pref).await
+		} else {
+			self.connect_by_agent(pref).await
+		}?;
+
+		let channel = session.channel_open_session().await?;
+		channel.request_subsystem(true, "sftp").await?;
+		Ok(channel)
+	}
+
+	async fn connect_by_password(
+		self,
+		pref: Arc<russh::client::Config>,
+	) -> Result<russh::client::Handle<Self>, russh::Error> {
+		let Some(password) = &self.config.password else {
+			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Password not provided".to_owned()));
+		};
+
+		let mut session =
+			russh::client::connect(pref, (self.config.host.as_str(), self.config.port), self).await?;
+
+		if session.authenticate_password(&self.config.user, password).await?.success() {
+			Ok(session)
+		} else {
+			Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Password authentication failed".to_owned()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	async fn connect_by_key(
+		self,
+		pref: Arc<russh::client::Config>,
+	) -> Result<russh::client::Handle<Self>, russh::Error> {
+		let key_file = &self.config.key_file;
+		if key_file.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Key file not provided".to_owned()));
+		};
+
+		let key = Local::regular(key_file)
+			.read_to_string()
+			.await
+			.map_err(|e| russh::Error::InvalidConfig(format!("Failed to read key file: {e}")))?;
+
+		let key = russh::keys::decode_secret_key(&key, self.config.key_passphrase.as_deref())?;
+
+		let mut session =
+			russh::client::connect(pref, (self.config.host.as_str(), self.config.port), self).await?;
+
+		let result = session
+			.authenticate_publickey(
+				&self.config.user,
+				PrivateKeyWithHashAlg::new(
+					Arc::new(key),
+					session.best_supported_rsa_hash().await?.flatten(),
+				),
+			)
+			.await?;
+
+		if result.success() {
+			Ok(session)
+		} else {
+			Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Public key authentication failed".to_owned()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	async fn connect_by_agent(
+		self,
+		pref: Arc<russh::client::Config>,
+	) -> Result<russh::client::Handle<Self>, russh::Error> {
+		let identity_agent = &self.config.identity_agent;
+		if identity_agent.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Identity agent not provided".to_owned()));
+		};
+
+		#[cfg(unix)]
+		let mut agent = russh::keys::agent::client::AgentClient::connect_uds(identity_agent).await?;
+		#[cfg(windows)]
+		let mut agent =
+			russh::keys::agent::client::AgentClient::connect_named_pipe(identity_agent).await?;
+
+		let keys = agent.request_identities().await?;
+		if keys.is_empty() {
+			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("No keys found in SSH agent".to_owned()));
+		}
+
+		let mut session =
+			russh::client::connect(pref, (self.config.host.as_str(), self.config.port), self).await?;
+
+		for key in keys {
+			let hash_alg = session.best_supported_rsa_hash().await?.flatten();
+			match session.authenticate_publickey_with(&self.config.user, key, hash_alg, &mut agent).await
+			{
+				Ok(result) if result.success() => return Ok(session),
+				Ok(result) => tracing::debug!("Identity agent authentication failed: {result:?}"),
+				Err(e) => tracing::error!("Identity agent authentication error: {e}"),
+			}
+		}
+
+		Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Public key authentication via agent failed".to_owned()))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs
index 0f10ecb5..5ad087c0 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs
@@ -1,105 +1,101 @@
-use std::{io, path::Path};
+use std::io;
 
-use yazi_config::vfs::{ProviderSftp, Vfs};
+use yazi_config::vfs::{ServiceSftp, Vfs};
 use yazi_fs::provider::{Attrs, FileBuilder};
 use yazi_sftp::fs::Flags;
-use yazi_shared::scheme::SchemeRef;
+use yazi_shared::url::{AsUrl, Url};
 
-pub struct Gate {
-	sftp: super::Sftp,
+use crate::provider::sftp::Conn;
 
-	append:     bool,
-	attrs:      Attrs,
-	create:     bool,
-	create_new: bool,
-	read:       bool,
-	truncate:   bool,
-	write:      bool,
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct Gate(crate::provider::Gate);
+
+impl From<Gate> for Flags {
+	fn from(Gate(g): Gate) -> Self {
+		let mut flags = Self::empty();
+		if g.append {
+			flags |= Self::APPEND;
+		}
+		if g.create {
+			flags |= Self::CREATE;
+		}
+		if g.create_new {
+			flags |= Self::CREATE | Self::EXCLUDE;
+		}
+		if g.read {
+			flags |= Self::READ;
+		}
+		if g.truncate {
+			flags |= Self::TRUNCATE;
+		}
+		if g.write {
+			flags |= Self::WRITE;
+		}
+		flags
+	}
 }
 
 impl FileBuilder for Gate {
 	type File = yazi_sftp::fs::File;
 
 	fn append(&mut self, append: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		self.append = append;
+		self.0.append(append);
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn attrs(&mut self, attrs: Attrs) -> &mut Self {
-		self.attrs = attrs;
+		self.0.attrs(attrs);
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn create(&mut self, create: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		self.create = create;
+		self.0.create(create);
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		self.create_new = create_new;
+		self.0.create_new(create_new);
 		self
 	}
 
-	async fn new(scheme: SchemeRef<'_>) -> io::Result<Self> {
-		let sftp: super::Sftp = match scheme {
-			SchemeRef::Sftp(name) => Vfs::provider::<&ProviderSftp>(name).await?.into(),
-			_ => Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Not an SFTP URL"))?,
+	async fn open<U>(&self, url: U) -> io::Result<Self::File>
+	where
+		U: AsUrl,
+	{
+		let url = url.as_url();
+		let (path, (name, config)) = match url {
+			Url::Sftp { loc, domain } => (*loc, Vfs::service::<&ServiceSftp>(domain).await?),
+			_ => Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, format!("Not an SFTP URL: {url:?}")))?,
 		};
 
-		Ok(Self {
-			sftp,
+		let conn = Conn { name, config }.roll().await?;
+		let flags = Flags::from(*self);
+		let attrs = super::Attrs(self.0.attrs).try_into().unwrap_or_default();
 
-			append: false,
-			attrs: Attrs::default(),
-			create: false,
-			create_new: false,
-			read: false,
-			truncate: false,
-			write: false,
-		})
-	}
-
-	async fn open<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::File>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let mut flags = Flags::empty();
-		if self.append {
-			flags |= Flags::APPEND;
-		}
-		if self.create {
-			flags |= Flags::CREATE;
-		}
-		if self.create_new {
-			flags |= Flags::CREATE | Flags::EXCLUDE;
-		}
-		if self.read {
-			flags |= Flags::READ;
-		}
-		if self.truncate {
-			flags |= Flags::TRUNCATE;
-		}
-		if self.write {
-			flags |= Flags::WRITE;
+		let result = conn.open(path, flags, &attrs).await;
+		if self.0.create_new
+			&& let Err(yazi_sftp::Error::Status(status)) = &result
+			&& status.is_failure()
+			&& conn.lstat(path).await.is_ok()
+		{
+			return Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists));
 		}
 
-		let attrs = super::Attrs(self.attrs).into();
-
-		Ok(self.sftp.op().await?.open(&path, flags, &attrs).await?)
+		Ok(result?)
 	}
 
 	fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		self.read = read;
+		self.0.read(read);
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn truncate(&mut self, truncate: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		self.truncate = truncate;
+		self.0.truncate(truncate);
 		self
 	}
 
 	fn write(&mut self, write: bool) -> &mut Self {
-		self.write = write;
+		self.0.write(write);
 		self
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/metadata.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/metadata.rs
index 5e2282a1..4f6cbfc2 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/metadata.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/metadata.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
-use std::{ffi::OsStr, io, time::{Duration, UNIX_EPOCH}};
+use std::{io, time::{Duration, UNIX_EPOCH}};
 
 use yazi_fs::cha::ChaKind;
 
 // --- Attrs
 pub(crate) struct Attrs(pub(crate) yazi_fs::provider::Attrs);
 
-impl From<Attrs> for yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs {
-	fn from(attrs: Attrs) -> Self {
-		Self {
+impl TryFrom<Attrs> for yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(value: Attrs) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		let attrs = Self {
 			size:     None,
 			uid:      None,
 			gid:      None,
-			perm:     attrs.0.mode.map(|m| m.bits() as u32),
-			atime:    attrs.0.atime_dur().map(|d| d.as_secs() as u32),
-			mtime:    attrs.0.mtime_dur().map(|d| d.as_secs() as u32),
+			perm:     value.0.mode.map(|m| m.bits() as u32),
+			atime:    value.0.atime_dur().map(|d| d.as_secs() as u32),
+			mtime:    value.0.mtime_dur().map(|d| d.as_secs() as u32),
 			extended: Default::default(),
-		}
+		};
+
+		if attrs.is_empty() { Err(()) } else { Ok(attrs) }
 	}
 }
 
@@ -26,20 +30,19 @@ impl TryFrom<&yazi_sftp::fs::DirEntry> for Cha {
 	type Error = io::Error;
 
 	fn try_from(ent: &yazi_sftp::fs::DirEntry) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-		let mut cha = Self::try_from((ent.name().as_ref(), ent.attrs()))?;
+		let mut cha = Self::try_from((ent.name(), ent.attrs()))?;
 		cha.0.nlink = ent.nlink().unwrap_or_default();
 		Ok(cha)
 	}
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<(&OsStr, &yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs)> for Cha {
+impl TryFrom<(&[u8], &yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs)> for Cha {
 	type Error = io::Error;
 
-	fn try_from((name, attrs): (&OsStr, &yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-		let kind =
-			if name.as_encoded_bytes().starts_with(b".") { ChaKind::HIDDEN } else { ChaKind::empty() };
+	fn try_from((name, attrs): (&[u8], &yazi_sftp::fs::Attrs)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		let kind = if name.starts_with(b".") { ChaKind::HIDDEN } else { ChaKind::empty() };
 
-		Ok(Cha(yazi_fs::cha::Cha {
+		Ok(Self(yazi_fs::cha::Cha {
 			kind,
 			mode: ChaMode::try_from(attrs)?.0,
 			len: attrs.size.unwrap_or(0),
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs
index f8766775..2726b934 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(gate metadata read_dir sftp);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(absolute conn gate metadata read_dir sftp);
 
-pub(super) static CONN: yazi_shared::RoCell<
+static CONN: yazi_shared::RoCell<
 	parking_lot::Mutex<
 		hashbrown::HashMap<
-			&'static yazi_config::vfs::ProviderSftp,
-			&'static deadpool::managed::Pool<Sftp>,
+			&'static yazi_config::vfs::ServiceSftp,
+			&'static deadpool::managed::Pool<Conn>,
 		>,
 	>,
 > = yazi_shared::RoCell::new();
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/read_dir.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/read_dir.rs
index 8be0a8b4..de55a16d 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/read_dir.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/read_dir.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,41 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi::OsStr, io, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{io, sync::Arc};
 
 use yazi_fs::provider::{DirReader, FileHolder};
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathBufDyn, strand::StrandCow, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 use super::{Cha, ChaMode};
 
-pub struct ReadDir(pub(super) yazi_sftp::fs::ReadDir);
+pub struct ReadDir {
+	pub(super) dir:    Arc<UrlBuf>,
+	pub(super) reader: yazi_sftp::fs::ReadDir,
+}
 
 impl DirReader for ReadDir {
 	type Entry = DirEntry;
 
 	async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<Self::Entry>> {
-		Ok(self.0.next().await?.map(DirEntry))
+		Ok(self.reader.next().await?.map(|entry| DirEntry { dir: self.dir.clone(), entry }))
 	}
 }
 
 // --- Entry
-pub struct DirEntry(yazi_sftp::fs::DirEntry);
+pub struct DirEntry {
+	dir:   Arc<UrlBuf>,
+	entry: yazi_sftp::fs::DirEntry,
+}
 
 impl FileHolder for DirEntry {
-	fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.0.path() }
-
-	fn name(&self) -> Cow<'_, OsStr> { self.0.name() }
-
-	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha> { Ok(Cha::try_from(&self.0)?.0) }
-
 	async fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::ChaType> {
-		Ok(ChaMode::try_from(self.0.attrs())?.0.into())
+		Ok(ChaMode::try_from(self.entry.attrs())?.0.into())
+	}
+
+	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha> { Ok(Cha::try_from(&self.entry)?.0) }
+
+	fn name(&self) -> StrandCow<'_> { self.entry.name().into() }
+
+	fn path(&self) -> PathBufDyn { self.entry.path().into() }
+
+	fn url(&self) -> UrlBuf {
+		self.dir.try_join(self.entry.name()).expect("entry name is a valid component of the SFTP URL")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
index 560b4308..364e97ed 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
@@ -1,365 +1,224 @@
-use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}, sync::Arc};
+use std::{io, sync::Arc};
 
-use russh::keys::PrivateKeyWithHashAlg;
-use tokio::io::{AsyncWriteExt, BufReader, BufWriter};
-use yazi_config::vfs::ProviderSftp;
-use yazi_fs::provider::{DirReader, FileBuilder, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local};
+use tokio::{io::{AsyncWriteExt, BufReader, BufWriter}, sync::mpsc::Receiver};
+use yazi_config::vfs::{ServiceSftp, Vfs};
+use yazi_fs::provider::{Capabilities, DirReader, FileHolder, Provider};
 use yazi_sftp::fs::{Attrs, Flags};
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, pool::InternStr, scheme::SchemeKind, strand::AsStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 
 use super::Cha;
+use crate::provider::sftp::Conn;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Sftp<'a> {
+	url:  Url<'a>,
+	path: &'a typed_path::UnixPath,
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct Sftp {
 	name:   &'static str,
-	config: &'static ProviderSftp,
+	config: &'static ServiceSftp,
 }
 
-impl From<(&'static str, &'static ProviderSftp)> for Sftp {
-	fn from((name, config): (&'static str, &'static ProviderSftp)) -> Self { Self { name, config } }
-}
-
-impl Provider for Sftp {
+impl<'a> Provider for Sftp<'a> {
 	type File = yazi_sftp::fs::File;
 	type Gate = super::Gate;
+	type Me<'b> = Sftp<'b>;
 	type ReadDir = super::ReadDir;
+	type UrlCow = UrlCow<'a>;
 
-	async fn absolute<'a, U>(&self, url: &'a U) -> io::Result<UrlCow<'a>>
-	where
-		U: AsUrl,
-	{
-		let url = url.as_url();
-		Ok(if url.is_absolute() {
-			url.into()
-		} else if let SchemeRef::Sftp(_) = url.scheme {
-			UrlBuf { loc: self.canonicalize(url.loc).await?.into(), scheme: url.scheme.into() }.into()
+	async fn absolute(&self) -> io::Result<Self::UrlCow> {
+		Ok(if let Some(u) = super::try_absolute(self.url) {
+			u
 		} else {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Not an SFTP URL"))?
+			self.canonicalize().await?.into()
 		})
 	}
 
-	async fn canonicalize<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.realpath(&path).await?)
+	async fn canonicalize(&self) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		Ok(UrlBuf::Sftp {
+			loc:    self.op().await?.realpath(self.path).await?.into(),
+			domain: self.name.intern(),
+		})
 	}
 
-	async fn casefold<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_ref();
-		let Some((parent, name)) = path.parent().zip(path.file_name()) else {
-			return Ok(path.to_owned());
+	fn capabilities(&self) -> Capabilities { Capabilities { symlink: true } }
+
+	async fn casefold(&self) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		let Some((parent, name)) = self.url.parent().zip(self.url.name()) else {
+			return Ok(self.url.to_owned());
 		};
 
-		if !self.symlink_metadata(path).await?.is_link() {
-			return match self.canonicalize(path).await?.file_name() {
-				Some(name) => Ok(parent.join(name)),
-				None => Err(io::Error::other("Cannot get filename")),
-			};
+		if !self.symlink_metadata().await?.is_link() {
+			return Ok(match self.canonicalize().await?.name() {
+				Some(name) => parent.try_join(name)?,
+				None => Err(io::Error::other("Cannot get filename"))?,
+			});
 		}
 
-		let mut it = self.read_dir(parent).await?;
+		let mut it = Self::new(parent).await?.read_dir().await?;
 		let mut similar = None;
 		while let Some(entry) = it.next().await? {
 			let s = entry.name();
-			if !s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name) {
+			if !name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&s) {
 				continue;
 			} else if s == name {
-				return Ok(entry.path());
+				return Ok(entry.url());
 			} else if similar.is_none() {
 				similar = Some(s.into_owned());
+			} else {
+				return Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::NotFound));
 			}
 		}
 
-		similar.map(|n| parent.join(n)).ok_or_else(|| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::NotFound))
+		similar
+			.map(|n| parent.try_join(n))
+			.transpose()?
+			.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::NotFound))
 	}
 
-	async fn copy<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q, attrs: yazi_fs::provider::Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
+	async fn copy<P>(&self, to: P, attrs: yazi_fs::provider::Attrs) -> io::Result<u64>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: AsPath,
 	{
-		let attrs = Attrs::from(super::Attrs(attrs));
+		let to = to.as_path().as_unix()?;
+		let attrs = super::Attrs(attrs).try_into().unwrap_or_default();
 
 		let op = self.op().await?;
-		let from = op.open(&from, Flags::READ, &Attrs::default()).await?;
-		let to = op.open(&to, Flags::WRITE | Flags::CREATE | Flags::TRUNCATE, &attrs).await?;
+		let from = op.open(self.path, Flags::READ, &Attrs::default()).await?;
+		let to = op.open(to, Flags::WRITE | Flags::CREATE | Flags::TRUNCATE, &attrs).await?;
 
 		let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(524288, from);
 		let mut writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(524288, to);
 		let written = tokio::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer).await?;
 
 		writer.flush().await?;
-		writer.get_ref().fsetstat(&attrs).await.ok();
+		if !attrs.is_empty() {
+			writer.get_ref().fsetstat(&attrs).await.ok();
+		}
+
 		writer.shutdown().await.ok();
 		Ok(written)
 	}
 
-	async fn create_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	fn copy_with_progress<P, A>(&self, to: P, attrs: A) -> io::Result<Receiver<io::Result<u64>>>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
+		P: AsPath,
+		A: Into<yazi_fs::provider::Attrs>,
 	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.mkdir(&path, Attrs::default()).await?)
+		let to = UrlBuf::Sftp {
+			loc:    LocBuf::<typed_path::UnixPathBuf>::saturated(
+				to.as_path().to_unix_owned()?,
+				SchemeKind::Sftp,
+			),
+			domain: self.name.intern(),
+		};
+		let from = self.url.to_owned();
+
+		Ok(crate::provider::copy_with_progress_impl(from, to, attrs.into()))
 	}
 
-	async fn gate(&self) -> io::Result<Self::Gate> {
-		super::Gate::new(SchemeRef::Sftp(self.name)).await
-	}
-
-	async fn hard_link<P, Q>(&self, original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.hardlink(&original, &link).await?)
-	}
-
-	async fn metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_ref();
-		let attrs = self.op().await?.stat(path).await?;
-		Ok(Cha::try_from((path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), &attrs))?.0)
-	}
-
-	async fn read_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<Self::ReadDir>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(super::ReadDir(self.op().await?.read_dir(&path).await?))
-	}
-
-	async fn read_link<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.readlink(&path).await?)
-	}
-
-	async fn remove_dir<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.rmdir(&path).await?)
-	}
-
-	async fn remove_file<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.remove(&path).await?)
-	}
-
-	async fn rename<P, Q>(&self, from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
+	async fn create_dir(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
 		let op = self.op().await?;
-		match op.rename_posix(&from, &to).await {
+		let result = op.mkdir(self.path, Attrs::default()).await;
+
+		if let Err(yazi_sftp::Error::Status(status)) = &result
+			&& status.is_failure()
+			&& op.lstat(self.path).await.is_ok()
+		{
+			return Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists));
+		}
+
+		Ok(result?)
+	}
+
+	async fn hard_link<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	where
+		P: AsPath,
+	{
+		let to = to.as_path().as_unix()?;
+
+		Ok(self.op().await?.hardlink(self.path, to).await?)
+	}
+
+	async fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha> {
+		let attrs = self.op().await?.stat(self.path).await?;
+		Ok(Cha::try_from((self.path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), &attrs))?.0)
+	}
+
+	async fn new<'b>(url: Url<'b>) -> io::Result<Self::Me<'b>> {
+		match url {
+			Url::Regular(_) | Url::Search { .. } | Url::Archive { .. } => {
+				Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, format!("Not a SFTP URL: {url:?}")))
+			}
+			Url::Sftp { loc, domain } => {
+				let (name, config) = Vfs::service::<&ServiceSftp>(domain).await?;
+				Ok(Self::Me { url, path: loc.as_inner(), name, config })
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	async fn read_dir(self) -> io::Result<Self::ReadDir> {
+		Ok(Self::ReadDir {
+			dir:    Arc::new(self.url.to_owned()),
+			reader: self.op().await?.read_dir(self.path).await?,
+		})
+	}
+
+	async fn read_link(&self) -> io::Result<PathBufDyn> {
+		Ok(self.op().await?.readlink(self.path).await?.into())
+	}
+
+	async fn remove_dir(&self) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(self.op().await?.rmdir(self.path).await?) }
+
+	async fn remove_file(&self) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(self.op().await?.remove(self.path).await?) }
+
+	async fn rename<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	where
+		P: AsPath,
+	{
+		let to = to.as_path().as_unix()?;
+		let op = self.op().await?;
+
+		match op.rename_posix(self.path, &to).await {
 			Ok(()) => {}
 			Err(yazi_sftp::Error::Unsupported) => {
-				op.remove(&to).await?;
-				op.rename(&from, &to).await?;
+				match op.remove(&to).await.map_err(io::Error::from) {
+					Ok(()) => {}
+					Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
+					Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+				}
+				op.rename(self.path, &to).await?;
 			}
 			Err(e) => Err(e)?,
 		}
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink<P, Q, F>(&self, original: P, link: Q, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-		Q: AsRef<Path>,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 	{
-		Ok(self.op().await?.symlink(&original, &link).await?)
+		let original = original.as_strand().encoded_bytes();
+
+		Ok(self.op().await?.symlink(original, self.path).await?)
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink_metadata<P>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
-		let path = path.as_ref();
-		let attrs = self.op().await?.lstat(path).await?;
-		Ok(Cha::try_from((path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), &attrs))?.0)
+	async fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha> {
+		let attrs = self.op().await?.lstat(self.path).await?;
+		Ok(Cha::try_from((self.path.file_name().unwrap_or_default(), &attrs))?.0)
 	}
 
-	async fn trash<P>(&self, _path: P) -> io::Result<()>
-	where
-		P: AsRef<Path>,
-	{
+	async fn trash(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
 		Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "Trash not supported"))
 	}
+
+	#[inline]
+	fn url(&self) -> Url<'_> { self.url }
 }
 
-impl Sftp {
-	pub(super) async fn op(self) -> io::Result<deadpool::managed::Object<Sftp>> {
-		use deadpool::managed::PoolError;
-
-		let pool = *super::CONN.lock().entry(self.config).or_insert_with(|| {
-			Box::leak(Box::new(deadpool::managed::Pool::builder(self).max_size(5).build().unwrap()))
-		});
-
-		pool.get().await.map_err(|e| match e {
-			PoolError::Timeout(_) => io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, e.to_string()),
-			PoolError::Backend(e) => e,
-			PoolError::Closed | PoolError::NoRuntimeSpecified | PoolError::PostCreateHook(_) => {
-				io::Error::other(e.to_string())
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-impl russh::client::Handler for Sftp {
-	type Error = russh::Error;
-
-	async fn check_server_key(
-		&mut self,
-		_server_public_key: &russh::keys::PublicKey,
-	) -> Result<bool, Self::Error> {
-		Ok(true)
-	}
-}
-
-impl deadpool::managed::Manager for Sftp {
-	type Error = io::Error;
-	type Type = yazi_sftp::Operator;
-
-	async fn create(&self) -> Result<Self::Type, Self::Error> {
-		let channel = self.connect().await.map_err(|e| {
-			io::Error::other(format!("Failed to connect to SFTP server `{}`: {e}", self.name))
-		})?;
-
-		let mut op = yazi_sftp::Operator::make(channel.into_stream());
-		op.init().await?;
-		Ok(op)
-	}
-
-	async fn recycle(
-		&self,
-		obj: &mut Self::Type,
-		_metrics: &deadpool::managed::Metrics,
-	) -> deadpool::managed::RecycleResult<Self::Error> {
-		if obj.is_closed() {
-			Err(deadpool::managed::RecycleError::Message("Channel closed".into()))
-		} else {
-			Ok(())
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl Sftp {
-	async fn connect(self) -> Result<russh::Channel<russh::client::Msg>, russh::Error> {
-		let pref = Arc::new(russh::client::Config {
-			inactivity_timeout: Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30)),
-			keepalive_interval: Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10)),
-			nodelay: true,
-			..Default::default()
-		});
-
-		let session = if self.config.password.is_some() {
-			self.connect_by_password(pref).await
-		} else if !self.config.key_file.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-			self.connect_by_key(pref).await
-		} else {
-			self.connect_by_agent(pref).await
-		}?;
-
-		let channel = session.channel_open_session().await?;
-		channel.request_subsystem(true, "sftp").await?;
-		Ok(channel)
-	}
-
-	async fn connect_by_password(
-		self,
-		pref: Arc<russh::client::Config>,
-	) -> Result<russh::client::Handle<Self>, russh::Error> {
-		let Some(password) = &self.config.password else {
-			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Password not provided".to_owned()));
-		};
-
-		let mut session =
-			russh::client::connect(pref, (self.config.host.as_str(), self.config.port), self).await?;
-
-		if session.authenticate_password(&self.config.user, password).await?.success() {
-			Ok(session)
-		} else {
-			Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Password authentication failed".to_owned()))
-		}
-	}
-
-	async fn connect_by_key(
-		self,
-		pref: Arc<russh::client::Config>,
-	) -> Result<russh::client::Handle<Self>, russh::Error> {
-		let key_file = &self.config.key_file;
-		if key_file.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Key file not provided".to_owned()));
-		};
-
-		let key = Local
-			.read_to_string(key_file)
-			.await
-			.map_err(|e| russh::Error::InvalidConfig(format!("Failed to read key file: {e}")))?;
-
-		let key = russh::keys::decode_secret_key(&key, self.config.key_passphrase.as_deref())?;
-
-		let mut session =
-			russh::client::connect(pref, (self.config.host.as_str(), self.config.port), self).await?;
-
-		let result = session
-			.authenticate_publickey(
-				&self.config.user,
-				PrivateKeyWithHashAlg::new(
-					Arc::new(key),
-					session.best_supported_rsa_hash().await?.flatten(),
-				),
-			)
-			.await?;
-
-		if result.success() {
-			Ok(session)
-		} else {
-			Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Public key authentication failed".to_owned()))
-		}
-	}
-
-	async fn connect_by_agent(
-		self,
-		pref: Arc<russh::client::Config>,
-	) -> Result<russh::client::Handle<Self>, russh::Error> {
-		let identity_agent = &self.config.identity_agent;
-		if identity_agent.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Identity agent not provided".to_owned()));
-		};
-
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		let mut agent = russh::keys::agent::client::AgentClient::connect_uds(identity_agent).await?;
-		#[cfg(windows)]
-		let mut agent =
-			russh::keys::agent::client::AgentClient::connect_named_pipe(identity_agent).await?;
-
-		let keys = agent.request_identities().await?;
-		if keys.is_empty() {
-			return Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("No keys found in SSH agent".to_owned()));
-		}
-
-		let mut session =
-			russh::client::connect(pref, (self.config.host.as_str(), self.config.port), self).await?;
-
-		for key in keys {
-			match session.authenticate_publickey_with(&self.config.user, key, None, &mut agent).await {
-				Ok(result) if result.success() => return Ok(session),
-				Ok(_) => {}
-				Err(e) => tracing::error!("Identity agent authentication error: {e}"),
-			}
-		}
-
-		Err(russh::Error::InvalidConfig("Public key authentication via agent failed".to_owned()))
+impl<'a> Sftp<'a> {
+	#[inline]
+	pub(super) async fn op(&self) -> io::Result<deadpool::managed::Object<Conn>> {
+		Conn { name: self.name, config: self.config }.roll().await
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/Cargo.toml b/yazi-watcher/Cargo.toml
index 00a6aa2b..85f67414 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-watcher/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-watcher"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ description = "Yazi file watcher"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-adapter = { path = "../yazi-adapter", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-dds     = { path = "../yazi-dds", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-fs      = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-proxy   = { path = "../yazi-proxy", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-vfs     = { path = "../yazi-vfs", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # Logging
 tracing = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/README.md b/yazi-watcher/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..851db65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-watcher/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-watcher
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/backend.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/backend.rs
index 1212de9e..10f6ca4e 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/backend.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/backend.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl Backend {
 
 	pub(super) fn watch(&mut self, url: impl AsUrl) -> Result<()> {
 		let url = url.as_url();
-		if let Some(path) = url.as_path() {
+		if let Some(path) = url.as_local() {
 			self.local.watch(path)?;
 		} else {
 			self.remote.watch(url)?;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Backend {
 
 	pub(super) fn unwatch(&mut self, url: impl AsUrl) -> Result<()> {
 		let url = url.as_url();
-		if let Some(path) = url.as_path() {
+		if let Some(path) = url.as_local() {
 			self.local.unwatch(path)?;
 		} else {
 			self.remote.unwatch(url)?;
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/local/linked.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/local/linked.rs
index e8c9afb5..41d5b4c1 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/local/linked.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/local/linked.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Linked {
 		U: Into<Url<'b>>,
 	{
 		let url: Url = url.into();
-		let Some(path) = url.as_path() else {
+		let Some(path) = url.as_local() else {
 			return Box::new(iter::empty());
 		};
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Linked {
 	}
 
 	pub fn from_file(&self, url: Url) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-		let Some(path) = url.as_path() else { return vec![] };
+		let Some(path) = url.as_local() else { return vec![] };
 		if let Some((parent, name)) = path.parent().zip(path.file_name()) {
 			self.from_dir(parent).map(|p| p.join(name)).collect()
 		} else {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Linked {
 					Ok(to) if to != *from => _ = linked.write().entry_ref(from).insert(to),
 					Ok(_) => _ = linked.write().remove(from),
 					Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => _ = linked.write().remove(from),
-					Err(_) => {}
+					Err(e) => tracing::error!("Failed to canonicalize watched path {from:?}: {e:?}"),
 				}
 			}
 		})
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/local/local.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/local/local.rs
index fd6725e4..53ca671e 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/local/local.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/local/local.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use tokio::{pin, sync::mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}};
 use tokio_stream::{StreamExt, wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream};
 use tracing::error;
 use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp, provider};
-use yazi_shared::{path::PathLike, url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::url::{UrlBuf, UrlLike};
 use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
 
 use crate::{Reporter, WATCHER};
@@ -70,18 +70,18 @@ impl Local {
 			for u in urls {
 				let Some((parent, urn)) = u.pair() else { continue };
 				let Ok(file) = File::new(&u).await else {
-					ops.push(FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.owned()].into()));
+					ops.push(FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.into()].into()));
 					continue;
 				};
 
-				if let Some(p) = file.url.as_path()
-					&& !provider::local::must_case_match(p).await
+				if let Some(p) = file.url.as_local()
+					&& !provider::local::match_name_case(p).await
 				{
-					ops.push(FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.owned()].into()));
+					ops.push(FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.into()].into()));
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				ops.push(FilesOp::Upserting(parent.into(), [(urn.owned(), file)].into()));
+				ops.push(FilesOp::Upserting(parent.into(), [(urn.into(), file)].into()));
 			}
 
 			FilesOp::mutate(ops);
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/remote/remote.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/remote/remote.rs
index 55269834..dde45220 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/remote/remote.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/remote/remote.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use tokio::{pin, sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver};
 use tokio_stream::{StreamExt, wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream};
 use yazi_fs::{File, FilesOp};
 use yazi_proxy::MgrProxy;
-use yazi_shared::{path::PathLike, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlLike};
 use yazi_vfs::VfsFile;
 
 use crate::{Reporter, WATCHER};
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ impl Remote {
 			for u in urls {
 				let Some((parent, urn)) = u.pair() else { continue };
 				let Ok(mut file) = File::new(&u).await else {
-					ops.push(FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.owned()].into()));
+					ops.push(FilesOp::Deleting(parent.into(), [urn.into()].into()));
 					continue;
 				};
 
 				let is_file = file.is_file();
 				file.cha.ctime = Some(SystemTime::now());
 
-				ops.push(FilesOp::Upserting(parent.into(), [(urn.owned(), file)].into()));
+				ops.push(FilesOp::Upserting(parent.into(), [(urn.into(), file)].into()));
 				if is_file {
 					ups.push(u);
 				}
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/reporter.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/reporter.rs
index a9a1776c..abda3763 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/reporter.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/reporter.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use yazi_shared::{path::PathLike, scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeKind, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 
 use crate::{WATCHED, local::LINKED};
 
@@ -16,16 +19,16 @@ impl Reporter {
 		I::Item: Into<UrlCow<'a>>,
 	{
 		for url in urls.into_iter().map(Into::into) {
-			match url.as_url().scheme {
-				SchemeRef::Regular | SchemeRef::Search(_) => self.report_local(url),
-				SchemeRef::Archive(_) => {}
-				SchemeRef::Sftp(_) => self.report_remote(url),
+			match url.as_url().kind() {
+				SchemeKind::Regular | SchemeKind::Search => self.report_local(url),
+				SchemeKind::Archive => {}
+				SchemeKind::Sftp => self.report_remote(url),
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn report_local<'a>(&self, url: UrlCow<'a>) {
-		let Some((parent, name)) = url.pair() else { return };
+	fn report_local(&self, url: UrlCow) {
+		let Some((parent, urn)) = url.pair() else { return };
 
 		// FIXME: LINKED should return Url instead of Path
 		let linked = LINKED.read();
@@ -37,18 +40,22 @@ impl Reporter {
 				self.local_tx.send(url.to_owned()).ok();
 				self.local_tx.send(parent.to_owned()).ok();
 			}
-			if name.extension() == Some("%tmp".as_ref()) {
+
+			if urn.ext().is_some_and(|e| e == "%tmp") {
 				continue;
 			}
-			// SFTP caches
-			if let Some(dir) = watched.find_by_cache(&parent.loc) {
-				self.remote_tx.send(dir.join(name)).ok();
-				self.remote_tx.send(dir.to_owned()).ok();
+
+			// Virtual caches
+			let Some(dir) = watched.find_by_cache(parent.loc()) else { continue };
+			let Some(name) = url.name() else { continue };
+			if let Ok(u) = dir.try_join(Cow::from(percent_decode(name.encoded_bytes()))) {
+				self.remote_tx.send(u).ok();
 			}
+			self.remote_tx.send(dir).ok();
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn report_remote<'a>(&self, url: UrlCow<'a>) {
+	fn report_remote(&self, url: UrlCow) {
 		let Some(parent) = url.parent() else { return };
 		if !WATCHED.read().contains(parent) {
 			return;
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/watched.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/watched.rs
index f8fcd889..cdb69a34 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/watched.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/watched.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use hashbrown::HashSet;
 use percent_encoding::percent_decode_str;
 use yazi_fs::{Xdg, path::PercentEncoding};
-use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{Component, PathBufDyn, PathDyn, PathLike}, pool::InternStr, scheme::SchemeKind, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlLike}};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Watched(HashSet<UrlBuf>);
@@ -22,33 +22,30 @@ impl Watched {
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub(crate) fn paths(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Path> {
-		self.0.iter().filter_map(|u| u.as_path())
+		self.0.iter().filter_map(|u| u.as_local())
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub(crate) fn remove(&mut self, url: impl AsUrl) { self.0.remove(&url.as_url()); }
 
-	pub(super) fn find_by_cache(&self, cache: &Path) -> Option<&UrlBuf> {
-		let mut it = cache.strip_prefix(Xdg::cache_dir()).ok()?.components();
+	pub(super) fn find_by_cache(&self, cache: PathDyn) -> Option<UrlBuf> {
+		let mut it = cache.try_strip_prefix(Xdg::cache_dir()).ok()?.components();
 
-		let l1 = it.next()?.as_os_str().to_str()?;
-		let (l2, rel) =
-			if let Ok(p) = it.as_path().strip_prefix(".%2F") { (p, true) } else { (it.as_path(), false) };
+		// Parse domain
+		let domain = it.next()?.as_normal()?.to_str().ok()?;
+		let domain = percent_decode_str(domain.strip_prefix("sftp-")?).decode_utf8().ok()?.intern();
 
-		let domain = percent_decode_str(l1.strip_prefix("sftp-")?).decode_utf8().ok()?;
-		let loc = l2.percent_decode();
+		// Parse path
+		let (path, abs) =
+			if let Ok(p) = it.path().try_strip_prefix(".%2F") { (p, false) } else { (it.path(), true) };
+		let path = path.percent_decode(SchemeKind::Sftp).ok()?;
+		let path = PathBufDyn::from_components(
+			SchemeKind::Sftp,
+			Some(Component::RootDir).filter(|_| abs).into_iter().chain(path.components()),
+		)
+		.ok()?;
 
-		self.0.iter().find(|u| {
-			if u.scheme != SchemeRef::Sftp(&domain) {
-				return false;
-			}
-
-			let mut it = u.loc.components();
-			if it.next() == Some(std::path::Component::RootDir) {
-				!rel && it.as_path().as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes() == loc.as_ref()
-			} else {
-				rel && u.loc.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes() == loc.as_ref()
-			}
-		})
+		let url = UrlBuf::Sftp { loc: path.into_unix().ok()?.into(), domain };
+		if self.contains(&url) { Some(url) } else { None }
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-watcher/src/watcher.rs b/yazi-watcher/src/watcher.rs
index de7fa1ee..a8ce1dcd 100644
--- a/yazi-watcher/src/watcher.rs
+++ b/yazi-watcher/src/watcher.rs
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ impl Watcher {
 
 			if !to_unwatch.is_empty() || !to_watch.is_empty() {
 				backend = Self::sync(backend, to_unwatch, to_watch).await;
-				if !rx.has_changed().unwrap_or(false) {
-					backend = backend.sync().await;
-				}
+				backend = backend.sync().await;
 			}
 
 			if rx.changed().await.is_err() {
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/Cargo.toml b/yazi-widgets/Cargo.toml
index 815eb3c0..1cf9868d 100644
--- a/yazi-widgets/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-widgets/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name        = "yazi-widgets"
-version     = "25.9.15"
+version     = "26.1.4"
 edition     = "2024"
 license     = "MIT"
 authors     = [ "sxyazi <sxyazi@gmail.com>" ]
@@ -8,13 +8,16 @@ description = "Yazi user interface widgets"
 homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
-yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "25.9.15" }
-yazi-term    = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "25.9.15" }
+yazi-binding = { path = "../yazi-binding", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-config  = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-macro   = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-parser  = { path = "../yazi-parser", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-shared  = { path = "../yazi-shared", version = "26.1.4" }
+yazi-term    = { path = "../yazi-term", version = "26.1.4" }
 
 # External dependencies
 anyhow        = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/README.md b/yazi-widgets/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb9f6b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-widgets/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# yazi-widgets
+
+This crate is part of [Yazi][source], and it is not supposed to be used outside, as there are no guarantees about the stability of its API.
+
+[source]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/src/clipboard.rs b/yazi-widgets/src/clipboard.rs
index 3554d052..8b0d20ec 100644
--- a/yazi-widgets/src/clipboard.rs
+++ b/yazi-widgets/src/clipboard.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::ffi::OsString;
-
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use yazi_shared::RoCell;
 
@@ -7,14 +5,12 @@ pub static CLIPBOARD: RoCell<Clipboard> = RoCell::new();
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Clipboard {
-	content: Mutex<OsString>,
+	content: Mutex<Vec<u8>>,
 }
 
 impl Clipboard {
 	#[cfg(unix)]
-	pub async fn get(&self) -> OsString {
-		use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStringExt;
-
+	pub async fn get(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
 		use tokio::process::Command;
 		use yazi_shared::in_ssh_connection;
 
@@ -35,26 +31,26 @@ impl Clipboard {
 				continue;
 			};
 			if output.status.success() {
-				return OsString::from_vec(output.stdout);
+				return output.stdout;
 			}
 		}
 		self.content.lock().clone()
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(windows)]
-	pub async fn get(&self) -> OsString {
-		use clipboard_win::{formats, get_clipboard};
+	pub async fn get(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+		use clipboard_win::get_clipboard_string;
 
-		let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(|| get_clipboard::<String, _>(formats::Unicode));
+		let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(get_clipboard_string);
 		if let Ok(Ok(s)) = result.await {
-			return s.into();
+			return s.into_bytes();
 		}
 
 		self.content.lock().clone()
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(unix)]
-	pub async fn set(&self, s: impl AsRef<std::ffi::OsStr>) {
+	pub async fn set(&self, s: impl AsRef<[u8]>) {
 		use std::process::Stdio;
 
 		use crossterm::execute;
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ impl Clipboard {
 			let Ok(mut child) = cmd else { continue };
 
 			let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().unwrap();
-			if stdin.write_all(s.as_ref().as_encoded_bytes()).await.is_err() {
+			if stdin.write_all(s.as_ref()).await.is_err() {
 				continue;
 			}
 			drop(stdin);
@@ -96,13 +92,13 @@ impl Clipboard {
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(windows)]
-	pub async fn set(&self, s: impl AsRef<std::ffi::OsStr>) {
-		use clipboard_win::{formats, set_clipboard};
+	pub async fn set(&self, s: impl AsRef<[u8]>) {
+		use clipboard_win::set_clipboard_string;
 
-		let s = s.as_ref().to_owned();
-		*self.content.lock() = s.clone();
+		let b = s.as_ref().to_owned();
+		*self.content.lock() = b.clone();
 
-		tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || set_clipboard(formats::Unicode, s.to_string_lossy()))
+		tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || set_clipboard_string(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&b)))
 			.await
 			.ok();
 	}
@@ -110,8 +106,6 @@ impl Clipboard {
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
 mod osc52 {
-	use std::ffi::OsStr;
-
 	use base64::{Engine, engine::general_purpose};
 
 	#[derive(Debug)]
@@ -120,8 +114,8 @@ mod osc52 {
 	}
 
 	impl SetClipboard {
-		pub fn new(content: &OsStr) -> Self {
-			Self { content: general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(content.as_encoded_bytes()) }
+		pub fn new(content: &[u8]) -> Self {
+			Self { content: general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(content) }
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/commands.rs b/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/commands.rs
index 86644ee3..1ca38cac 100644
--- a/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/commands.rs
+++ b/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/commands.rs
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ impl Input {
 
 				on!(backspace);
 				on!(kill);
-
-				on!(complete);
 			}
 			InputMode::Replace => {}
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/paste.rs b/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/paste.rs
index 5f795ae8..dbda56db 100644
--- a/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/paste.rs
+++ b/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/paste.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Input {
 		}
 
 		act!(insert, self, !opt.before)?;
-		self.type_str(&s.to_string_lossy())?;
+		self.type_str(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&s))?;
 		act!(escape, self)?;
 		succ!(render!());
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/visual.rs b/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/visual.rs
index fcfa3485..122ea128 100644
--- a/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/visual.rs
+++ b/yazi-widgets/src/input/commands/visual.rs
@@ -12,10 +12,15 @@ impl Input {
 		}
 
 		let snap = self.snap_mut();
+		if let InputOp::Select(_) = snap.op {
+			succ!();
+		}
+
 		if !snap.value.is_empty() {
 			snap.op = InputOp::Select(snap.cursor);
 			render!();
 		}
+
 		succ!();
 	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-widgets/src/lib.rs b/yazi-widgets/src/lib.rs
index 2b44b317..aab44f98 100644
--- a/yazi-widgets/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-widgets/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else)]
-
 yazi_macro::mod_pub!(input);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(clipboard scrollable);