diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index bea6b393..dc46cd88 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4717,6 +4717,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ratatui",
  "regex",
  "serde",
+ "tokio",
  "toml 0.9.7",
  "tracing",
  "yazi-codegen",
@@ -5035,6 +5036,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml 0.9.7",
  "tracing",
  "uzers",
+ "yazi-config",
  "yazi-fs",
  "yazi-macro",
  "yazi-sftp",
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs b/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs
index 2d0f6806..3ff86e7c 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/lives/folder.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl UserData for Folder {
 	fn add_fields<F: UserDataFields<Self>>(fields: &mut F) {
 		cached_field!(fields, cwd, |_, me| Ok(Url::new(me.url.to_owned())));
 		cached_field!(fields, files, |_, me| Files::make(0..me.files.len(), me, &me.tab));
-		cached_field!(fields, stage, |_, me| Ok(FolderStage::new(me.stage)));
+		cached_field!(fields, stage, |_, me| Ok(FolderStage::new(me.stage.clone())));
 		cached_field!(fields, window, |_, me| Files::make(me.window.clone(), me, &me.tab));
 
 		fields.add_field_method_get("offset", |_, me| Ok(me.offset));
diff --git a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs
index 379bf5ba..dca99f50 100644
--- a/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs
+++ b/yazi-actor/src/mgr/refresh.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl Refresh {
 
 			match Files::from_dir_bulk(&cwd).await {
 				Ok(files) => FilesOp::Full(cwd, files, cha).emit(),
-				Err(e) => FilesOp::issue_error(&cwd, e.kind()).await,
+				Err(e) => FilesOp::issue_error(&cwd, e).await,
 			}
 		}
 
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/error.rs b/yazi-binding/src/error.rs
index 575f36bf..382326f9 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/error.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/error.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const EXPECTED: &str = "expected a Error";
 
 pub enum Error {
 	Io(std::io::Error),
-	IoKind(std::io::ErrorKind),
+	Fs(yazi_fs::error::Error),
 	Serde(serde_json::Error),
 	Custom(SStr),
 }
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl Error {
 	pub fn into_string(self) -> SStr {
 		match self {
 			Self::Io(e) => Cow::Owned(e.to_string()),
-			Self::IoKind(e) => Cow::Owned(e.to_string()),
+			Self::Fs(e) => Cow::Owned(e.to_string()),
 			Self::Serde(e) => Cow::Owned(e.to_string()),
 			Self::Custom(s) => s,
 		}
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Display for Error {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 		match self {
 			Self::Io(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
-			Self::IoKind(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
+			Self::Fs(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
 			Self::Serde(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
 			Self::Custom(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
 		}
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ impl UserData for Error {
 		fields.add_field_method_get("code", |_, me| {
 			Ok(match me {
 				Self::Io(e) => e.raw_os_error(),
+				Self::Fs(e) => e.raw_os_error(),
 				_ => None,
 			})
 		});
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ impl UserData for Error {
 	fn add_methods<M: UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
 		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::ToString, |lua, me, ()| {
 			Ok(match me {
-				Self::Io(_) | Self::IoKind(_) | Self::Serde(_) => lua.create_string(me.to_string()),
+				Self::Io(_) | Self::Fs(_) | Self::Serde(_) => lua.create_string(me.to_string()),
 				Self::Custom(s) => lua.create_string(s.as_ref()),
 			})
 		});
diff --git a/yazi-binding/src/stage.rs b/yazi-binding/src/stage.rs
index 35de10ff..9678175c 100644
--- a/yazi-binding/src/stage.rs
+++ b/yazi-binding/src/stage.rs
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ impl UserData for FolderStage {
 		methods.add_meta_method(MetaMethod::Call, |lua, me, ()| {
 			use yazi_fs::FolderStage::*;
 
-			match me.0 {
+			match &me.0 {
 				Loading => false.into_lua_multi(lua),
 				Loaded => true.into_lua_multi(lua),
-				Failed(kind) => (true, crate::Error::IoKind(kind)).into_lua_multi(lua),
+				Failed(e) => (true, crate::Error::Fs(e.clone())).into_lua_multi(lua),
 			}
 		});
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-config/Cargo.toml b/yazi-config/Cargo.toml
index ee023832..382716fe 100644
--- a/yazi-config/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-config/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ indexmap  = { workspace = true }
 ratatui   = { workspace = true }
 regex     = { workspace = true }
 serde     = { workspace = true }
+tokio     = { workspace = true }
 toml      = { workspace = true }
 tracing   = { workspace = true }
 
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/lib.rs b/yazi-config/src/lib.rs
index 57f8b011..627de4df 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::module_inception)]
 
-yazi_macro::mod_pub!(keymap mgr open opener plugin popup preview tasks theme which);
+yazi_macro::mod_pub!(keymap mgr open opener plugin popup preview tasks theme which vfs);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(color icon layout pattern platform preset priority style yazi);
 
diff --git a/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs b/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs
index 0ae0a0a5..ece50d42 100644
--- a/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs
+++ b/yazi-config/src/preview/preview.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ impl Preview {
 			bail!("[preview].cache_dir must be a path within local filesystem.");
 		};
 
-		std::fs::create_dir_all(&self.cache_dir).context("Failed to create cache directory")?;
+		std::fs::create_dir_all(&self.cache_dir)
+			.context(format!("Failed to create cache directory: {}", self.cache_dir.display()))?;
 
 		Ok(self)
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/config/mod.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/mod.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from yazi-vfs/src/config/mod.rs
rename to yazi-config/src/vfs/mod.rs
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/config/provider.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/provider.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from yazi-vfs/src/config/provider.rs
rename to yazi-config/src/vfs/provider.rs
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/config/vfs.rs b/yazi-config/src/vfs/vfs.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from yazi-vfs/src/config/vfs.rs
rename to yazi-config/src/vfs/vfs.rs
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs
index 54d2f896..200304b7 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/folder.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<T: Into<UrlBuf>> From<T> for Folder {
 
 impl Folder {
 	pub fn update(&mut self, op: FilesOp) -> bool {
-		let (stage, revision) = (self.stage, self.files.revision);
+		let (stage, revision) = (self.stage.clone(), self.files.revision);
 		match op {
 			FilesOp::Full(_, _, cha) => {
 				(self.cha, self.stage) = (cha, FolderStage::Loaded);
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ impl Folder {
 			FilesOp::Done(_, cha, ticket) if ticket == self.files.ticket() => {
 				(self.cha, self.stage) = (cha, FolderStage::Loaded);
 			}
-			FilesOp::IOErr(_, kind) => {
-				(self.cha, self.stage) = (Cha::default(), FolderStage::Failed(kind));
+			FilesOp::IOErr(_, ref err) => {
+				(self.cha, self.stage) = (Cha::default(), FolderStage::Failed(err.clone()));
 			}
 			_ => {}
 		}
@@ -83,17 +83,15 @@ impl Folder {
 		self.trace = self.trace.take_if(|_| !self.files.is_empty() || self.stage.is_loading());
 		self.repos(None);
 
-		(stage, revision) != (self.stage, self.files.revision)
+		(&stage, revision) != (&self.stage, self.files.revision)
 	}
 
 	pub fn update_pub(&mut self, tab: Id, op: FilesOp) -> bool {
-		let old = self.stage;
-		if !self.update(op) {
-			return false;
-		} else if self.stage != old {
-			err!(Pubsub::pub_after_load(tab, &self.url, self.stage));
+		if self.update(op) {
+			err!(Pubsub::pub_after_load(tab, &self.url, &self.stage));
+			return true;
 		}
-		true
+		false
 	}
 
 	pub fn arrow(&mut self, step: impl Into<Step>) -> bool {
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs
index 19ecee73..d1ad23ca 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/preview.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl Preview {
 
 			let rx = match Files::from_dir(&wd).await {
 				Ok(rx) => rx,
-				Err(e) => return FilesOp::issue_error(&wd, e.kind()).await,
+				Err(e) => return FilesOp::issue_error(&wd, e).await,
 			};
 
 			let stream =
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/ember/load.rs b/yazi-dds/src/ember/load.rs
index a174d79a..86bf4fb4 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/ember/load.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/ember/load.rs
@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ use super::Ember;
 pub struct EmberLoad<'a> {
 	pub tab:   Id,
 	pub url:   Cow<'a, UrlBuf>,
-	pub stage: FolderStage,
+	pub stage: Cow<'a, FolderStage>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> EmberLoad<'a> {
-	pub fn borrowed(tab: Id, url: &'a UrlBuf, stage: FolderStage) -> Ember<'a> {
-		Self { tab, url: url.into(), stage }.into()
+	pub fn borrowed(tab: Id, url: &'a UrlBuf, stage: &'a FolderStage) -> Ember<'a> {
+		Self { tab, url: url.into(), stage: Cow::Borrowed(stage) }.into()
 	}
 }
 
 impl EmberLoad<'static> {
-	pub fn owned(tab: Id, url: &UrlBuf, stage: FolderStage) -> Ember<'static> {
-		Self { tab, url: url.clone().into(), stage }.into()
+	pub fn owned(tab: Id, url: &UrlBuf, stage: &FolderStage) -> Ember<'static> {
+		Self { tab, url: url.clone().into(), stage: Cow::Owned(stage.clone()) }.into()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl IntoLua for EmberLoad<'_> {
 			.create_table_from([
 				("tab", self.tab.get().into_lua(lua)?),
 				("url", yazi_binding::Url::new(self.url).into_lua(lua)?),
-				("stage", yazi_binding::FolderStage::new(self.stage).into_lua(lua)?),
+				("stage", yazi_binding::FolderStage::new(self.stage.into_owned()).into_lua(lua)?),
 			])?
 			.into_lua(lua)
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs b/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs
index 4bcbb4c0..1d3d945e 100644
--- a/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs
+++ b/yazi-dds/src/pubsub.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl Pubsub {
 
 	pub_after!(cd(tab: Id, url: &UrlBuf), (tab, url));
 
-	pub_after!(load(tab: Id, url: &UrlBuf, stage: FolderStage), (tab, url, stage));
+	pub_after!(load(tab: Id, url: &UrlBuf, stage: &FolderStage), (tab, url, stage));
 
 	pub_after!(hover(tab: Id, url: Option<&UrlBuf>), (tab, url));
 
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs b/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..161636c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/error/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use std::{fmt, io, sync::Arc};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Error {
+	Kind(io::ErrorKind),
+	Raw(i32),
+	Custom { kind: io::ErrorKind, code: Option<i32>, message: Arc<str> },
+}
+
+impl From<io::Error> for Error {
+	fn from(err: io::Error) -> Self {
+		if err.get_ref().is_some() {
+			Self::Custom {
+				kind:    err.kind(),
+				code:    err.raw_os_error(),
+				message: err.to_string().into(),
+			}
+		} else if let Some(code) = err.raw_os_error() {
+			Self::Raw(code)
+		} else {
+			Self::Kind(err.kind())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<io::ErrorKind> for Error {
+	fn from(kind: io::ErrorKind) -> Self { Self::Kind(kind) }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Error {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+		match self {
+			Self::Kind(kind) => io::Error::from(*kind).fmt(f),
+			Self::Raw(code) => io::Error::from_raw_os_error(*code).fmt(f),
+			Self::Custom { message, .. } => write!(f, "{message}"),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Error {
+	pub fn kind(&self) -> io::ErrorKind {
+		match self {
+			Self::Kind(kind) => *kind,
+			Self::Raw(code) => io::Error::from_raw_os_error(*code).kind(),
+			Self::Custom { kind, .. } => *kind,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn raw_os_error(&self) -> Option<i32> {
+		match self {
+			Self::Kind(_) => None,
+			Self::Raw(code) => Some(*code),
+			Self::Custom { code, .. } => *code,
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/error/mod.rs b/yazi-fs/src/error/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..869a29d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/error/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(error serde);
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs b/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06ee5779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/error/serde.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+use std::io;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+
+use super::Error;
+
+fn kind_to_str(kind: io::ErrorKind) -> &'static str {
+	use std::io::ErrorKind as K;
+	match kind {
+		K::NotFound => "not_found",
+		K::PermissionDenied => "permission_denied",
+		K::ConnectionRefused => "connection_refused",
+		K::ConnectionReset => "connection_reset",
+		K::HostUnreachable => "host_unreachable",
+		K::NetworkUnreachable => "network_unreachable",
+		K::ConnectionAborted => "connection_aborted",
+		K::NotConnected => "not_connected",
+		K::AddrInUse => "addr_in_use",
+		K::AddrNotAvailable => "addr_not_available",
+		K::NetworkDown => "network_down",
+		K::BrokenPipe => "broken_pipe",
+		K::AlreadyExists => "already_exists",
+		K::WouldBlock => "would_block",
+		K::NotADirectory => "not_a_directory",
+		K::IsADirectory => "is_a_directory",
+		K::DirectoryNotEmpty => "directory_not_empty",
+		K::ReadOnlyFilesystem => "read_only_filesystem",
+		// K::FilesystemLoop => "filesystem_loop",
+		K::StaleNetworkFileHandle => "stale_network_file_handle",
+		K::InvalidInput => "invalid_input",
+		K::InvalidData => "invalid_data",
+		K::TimedOut => "timed_out",
+		K::WriteZero => "write_zero",
+		K::StorageFull => "storage_full",
+		K::NotSeekable => "not_seekable",
+		K::QuotaExceeded => "quota_exceeded",
+		K::FileTooLarge => "file_too_large",
+		K::ResourceBusy => "resource_busy",
+		K::ExecutableFileBusy => "executable_file_busy",
+		K::Deadlock => "deadlock",
+		K::CrossesDevices => "crosses_devices",
+		K::TooManyLinks => "too_many_links",
+		K::InvalidFilename => "invalid_filename",
+		K::ArgumentListTooLong => "argument_list_too_long",
+		K::Interrupted => "interrupted",
+		K::Unsupported => "unsupported",
+		K::UnexpectedEof => "unexpected_eof",
+		K::OutOfMemory => "out_of_memory",
+		// K::InProgress => "in_progress",
+		K::Other => "other",
+		_ => "other",
+	}
+}
+
+fn kind_from_str(s: &str) -> io::ErrorKind {
+	use std::io::ErrorKind as K;
+	match s {
+		"not_found" => K::NotFound,
+		"permission_denied" => K::PermissionDenied,
+		"connection_refused" => K::ConnectionRefused,
+		"connection_reset" => K::ConnectionReset,
+		"host_unreachable" => K::HostUnreachable,
+		"network_unreachable" => K::NetworkUnreachable,
+		"connection_aborted" => K::ConnectionAborted,
+		"not_connected" => K::NotConnected,
+		"addr_in_use" => K::AddrInUse,
+		"addr_not_available" => K::AddrNotAvailable,
+		"network_down" => K::NetworkDown,
+		"broken_pipe" => K::BrokenPipe,
+		"already_exists" => K::AlreadyExists,
+		"would_block" => K::WouldBlock,
+		"not_a_directory" => K::NotADirectory,
+		"is_a_directory" => K::IsADirectory,
+		"directory_not_empty" => K::DirectoryNotEmpty,
+		"read_only_filesystem" => K::ReadOnlyFilesystem,
+		// "filesystem_loop" => K::FilesystemLoop,
+		"stale_network_file_handle" => K::StaleNetworkFileHandle,
+		"invalid_input" => K::InvalidInput,
+		"invalid_data" => K::InvalidData,
+		"timed_out" => K::TimedOut,
+		"write_zero" => K::WriteZero,
+		"storage_full" => K::StorageFull,
+		"not_seekable" => K::NotSeekable,
+		"quota_exceeded" => K::QuotaExceeded,
+		"file_too_large" => K::FileTooLarge,
+		"resource_busy" => K::ResourceBusy,
+		"executable_file_busy" => K::ExecutableFileBusy,
+		"deadlock" => K::Deadlock,
+		"crosses_devices" => K::CrossesDevices,
+		"too_many_links" => K::TooManyLinks,
+		"invalid_filename" => K::InvalidFilename,
+		"argument_list_too_long" => K::ArgumentListTooLong,
+		"interrupted" => K::Interrupted,
+		"unsupported" => K::Unsupported,
+		"unexpected_eof" => K::UnexpectedEof,
+		"out_of_memory" => K::OutOfMemory,
+		// "in_progress" => K::InProgress,
+		"other" => K::Other,
+		_ => K::Other,
+	}
+}
+
+impl Serialize for Error {
+	fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+	where
+		S: Serializer,
+	{
+		#[derive(Serialize)]
+		#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "kebab-case")]
+		enum Shadow<'a> {
+			Kind { kind: &'a str },
+			Raw { code: i32 },
+			Dyn { kind: &'a str, code: Option<i32>, message: &'a str },
+		}
+
+		match self {
+			Error::Kind(kind) => Shadow::Kind { kind: kind_to_str(*kind) }.serialize(serializer),
+			Error::Raw(code) => Shadow::Raw { code: *code }.serialize(serializer),
+			Error::Custom { kind, code, message } => {
+				Shadow::Dyn { kind: kind_to_str(*kind), code: *code, message }.serialize(serializer)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Error {
+	fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+	where
+		D: Deserializer<'de>,
+	{
+		#[derive(Deserialize)]
+		#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "kebab-case")]
+		enum Shadow {
+			Kind { kind: String },
+			Raw { code: i32 },
+			Dyn { kind: String, code: Option<i32>, message: String },
+		}
+
+		let shadow = Shadow::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+		Ok(match shadow {
+			Shadow::Kind { kind } => Error::Kind(kind_from_str(&kind)),
+			Shadow::Raw { code } => Error::Raw(code),
+			Shadow::Dyn { kind, code, message } => {
+				if !message.is_empty() {
+					Error::Custom { kind: kind_from_str(&kind), code, message: message.into() }
+				} else if let Some(code) = code {
+					Error::Raw(code)
+				} else {
+					Error::Kind(kind_from_str(&kind))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs b/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs
index 85e9b336..04b7bba5 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else, clippy::option_map_unit_fn, clippy::unit_arg)]
 
-yazi_macro::mod_pub!(cha mounts provider path);
+yazi_macro::mod_pub!(cha error mounts path provider);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cwd file files filter fns op sorter sorting stage url xdg);
 
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/op.rs b/yazi-fs/src/op.rs
index e7dbbd52..04c4f906 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/op.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/op.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use yazi_macro::relay;
 use yazi_shared::{Id, Ids, url::{UrlBuf, UrnBuf}};
 
 use super::File;
-use crate::cha::Cha;
+use crate::{cha::Cha, error::Error};
 
 pub static FILES_TICKET: Ids = Ids::new();
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub enum FilesOp {
 	Part(UrlBuf, Vec<File>, Id),
 	Done(UrlBuf, Cha, Id),
 	Size(UrlBuf, HashMap<UrnBuf, u64>),
-	IOErr(UrlBuf, std::io::ErrorKind),
+	IOErr(UrlBuf, Error),
 
 	Creating(UrlBuf, Vec<File>),
 	Deleting(UrlBuf, HashSet<UrnBuf>),
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl FilesOp {
 			Self::Part(_, files, ticket) => Self::Part(w, files!(files), *ticket),
 			Self::Done(_, cha, ticket) => Self::Done(w, *cha, *ticket),
 			Self::Size(_, map) => Self::Size(w, map.iter().map(|(urn, &s)| (urn.clone(), s)).collect()),
-			Self::IOErr(_, err) => Self::IOErr(w, *err),
+			Self::IOErr(_, err) => Self::IOErr(w, err.clone()),
 
 			Self::Creating(_, files) => Self::Creating(w, files!(files)),
 			Self::Deleting(_, urns) => Self::Deleting(w, urns.clone()),
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/stage.rs b/yazi-fs/src/stage.rs
index 443383ae..4a6eaf0e 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/stage.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/stage.rs
@@ -1,42 +1,15 @@
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, ser::SerializeMap};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+use crate::error::Error;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub enum FolderStage {
 	#[default]
 	Loading,
 	Loaded,
-	Failed(std::io::ErrorKind),
+	Failed(Error),
 }
 
 impl FolderStage {
-	pub fn is_loading(self) -> bool { self == Self::Loading }
-}
-
-impl Serialize for FolderStage {
-	fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
-		let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(2))?;
-		match self {
-			Self::Loading => map.serialize_entry("state", "loading")?,
-			Self::Loaded => map.serialize_entry("state", "loaded")?,
-			Self::Failed(_) => map.serialize_entry("state", "failed")?,
-		}
-		map.end()
-	}
-}
-
-impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for FolderStage {
-	fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
-		#[derive(Deserialize)]
-		struct Shadow {
-			state: String,
-		}
-
-		let shadow = Shadow::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-		match shadow.state.as_str() {
-			"loading" => Ok(Self::Loading),
-			"loaded" => Ok(Self::Loaded),
-			"failed" => Ok(Self::Failed(std::io::ErrorKind::Other)),
-			_ => Err(serde::de::Error::custom("invalid folder stage")),
-		}
-	}
+	pub fn is_loading(&self) -> bool { *self == Self::Loading }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml b/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml
index 194b7d37..814538a3 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/yazi-vfs/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ homepage    = "https://yazi-rs.github.io"
 repository  = "https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi"
 
 [dependencies]
+yazi-config = { path = "../yazi-config", version = "25.9.15" }
 yazi-fs     = { path = "../yazi-fs", version = "25.9.15" }
 yazi-macro  = { path = "../yazi-macro", version = "25.9.15" }
 yazi-sftp   = { path = "../yazi-sftp", version = "0.1.0" }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs
index f8c82469..6da53277 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/files.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl VfsFiles for Files {
 			Ok(c) if !c.is_dir() => FilesOp::issue_error(dir, ErrorKind::NotADirectory).await,
 			Ok(c) if c.hits(cha) && PARTITIONS.read().heuristic(cha) => {}
 			Ok(c) => return Some(c),
-			Err(e) => FilesOp::issue_error(dir, e.kind()).await,
+			Err(e) => FilesOp::issue_error(dir, e).await,
 		}
 		None
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs
index 498f440f..8abc3e7d 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_pub!(config provider);
+yazi_macro::mod_pub!(provider);
 
 yazi_macro::mod_flat!(cha file files fns op);
 
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs
index f8469abd..c8c0af7e 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/op.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
-use std::io;
-
 use yazi_fs::FilesOp;
 use yazi_shared::url::UrlBuf;
 
 use crate::maybe_exists;
 
 pub trait VfsFilesOp {
-	fn issue_error(cwd: &UrlBuf, kind: io::ErrorKind) -> impl Future<Output = ()>;
+	fn issue_error(cwd: &UrlBuf, kind: impl Into<yazi_fs::error::Error>) -> impl Future<Output = ()>;
 }
 
 impl VfsFilesOp for FilesOp {
-	async fn issue_error(cwd: &UrlBuf, kind: std::io::ErrorKind) {
-		use std::io::ErrorKind;
-		if kind != ErrorKind::NotFound {
-			Self::IOErr(cwd.clone(), kind).emit();
+	async fn issue_error(cwd: &UrlBuf, err: impl Into<yazi_fs::error::Error>) {
+		let err = err.into();
+		if err.kind() != std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
+			Self::IOErr(cwd.clone(), err).emit();
 		} else if maybe_exists(cwd).await {
-			Self::IOErr(cwd.clone(), kind).emit();
+			Self::IOErr(cwd.clone(), err).emit();
 		} else if let Some((p, n)) = cwd.pair() {
 			Self::Deleting(p.into(), [n.into()].into()).emit();
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
index 213b5177..bc8bcdd8 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}, sync::Arc};
 
+use yazi_config::vfs::{ProviderSftp, Vfs};
 use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Provider, local::Local}};
 use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{Url, UrlCow}};
 
-use crate::config::{ProviderSftp, Vfs};
-
 pub(super) struct Providers<'a>(Inner<'a>);
 
 enum Inner<'a> {
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs
index a82931e2..88e73247 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/gate.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 use std::{io, path::Path};
 
+use yazi_config::vfs::{ProviderSftp, Vfs};
 use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::FileBuilder};
 use yazi_sftp::fs::{Attrs, Flags};
 use yazi_shared::scheme::SchemeRef;
 
-use crate::config::{ProviderSftp, Vfs};
-
 pub struct Gate {
 	sftp: super::Sftp,
 
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs
index 20e52f28..f8766775 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/mod.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ yazi_macro::mod_flat!(gate metadata read_dir sftp);
 pub(super) static CONN: yazi_shared::RoCell<
 	parking_lot::Mutex<
 		hashbrown::HashMap<
-			&'static crate::config::ProviderSftp,
+			&'static yazi_config::vfs::ProviderSftp,
 			&'static deadpool::managed::Pool<Sftp>,
 		>,
 	>,
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
index 21c77beb..a976e9ce 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use std::{io, path::{Path, PathBuf}, sync::Arc};
 
 use russh::keys::PrivateKeyWithHashAlg;
 use tokio::io::{BufReader, BufWriter};
+use yazi_config::vfs::ProviderSftp;
 use yazi_fs::provider::{DirReader, FileBuilder, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local};
 use yazi_sftp::fs::{Attrs, Flags};
 use yazi_shared::{scheme::SchemeRef, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 use super::Cha;
-use crate::config::ProviderSftp;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct Sftp {