diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs b/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs
index 30a2b8e4..7b0808e2 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/path/relative.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn path_relative_to_impl<'a>(from: PathCow<'_>, to: PathCow<'a>) -> Result<PathC
 	}
 
 	if from == to {
-		return Ok(PathDyn::with_str(to.kind(), ".").into());
+		return Ok(PathDyn::with_str(from.kind(), ".").into());
 	}
 
 	let (mut f_it, mut t_it) = (from.components(), to.components());
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn path_relative_to_impl<'a>(from: PathCow<'_>, to: PathCow<'a>) -> Result<PathC
 	let dots = f_head.into_iter().chain(f_it).map(|_| ParentDir);
 	let rest = t_head.into_iter().chain(t_it);
 
-	let buf = PathBufDyn::from_components(to.kind(), dots.chain(rest))?;
+	let buf = PathBufDyn::from_components(from.kind(), dots.chain(rest))?;
 	Ok(buf.into())
 }
 
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs
index a3e25b17..53ce13a1 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/local/local.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{io, path::Path, sync::Arc};
 
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, scheme::SchemeKind, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, scheme::SchemeKind, strand::AsStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 use crate::{cha::Cha, path::absolute_url, provider::{Attrs, Provider}};
 
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Local<'a> {
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink<P, F>(&self, original: P, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 	{
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
-			let original = original.as_path().as_os()?;
+			let original = original.as_strand().as_os()?;
 			tokio::fs::symlink(original, self.path).await
 		}
 		#[cfg(windows)]
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Local<'a> {
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink_dir<P>(&self, original: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_dir<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
-		let original = original.as_path().as_os()?;
+		let original = original.as_strand().as_os()?;
 
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Local<'a> {
 	}
 
 	#[inline]
-	async fn symlink_file<P>(&self, original: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_file<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
-		let original = original.as_path().as_os()?;
+		let original = original.as_strand().as_os()?;
 
 		#[cfg(unix)]
 		{
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
index cc7c43f4..cfe2db55 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::io;
 
 use tokio::{io::{AsyncRead, AsyncSeek, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt}, sync::mpsc};
 use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
-use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, strand::StrandCow, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, strand::{AsStrand, StrandCow}, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
 
 use crate::{cha::{Cha, ChaType}, provider::Attrs};
 
@@ -155,21 +155,21 @@ pub trait Provider: Sized {
 	where
 		P: AsPath;
 
-	fn symlink<P, F>(&self, original: P, _is_dir: F) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, _is_dir: F) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>;
 
-	fn symlink_dir<P>(&self, original: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn symlink_dir<S>(&self, original: S) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
 		self.symlink(original, async || Ok(true))
 	}
 
-	fn symlink_file<P>(&self, original: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
+	fn symlink_file<S>(&self, original: S) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
 		self.symlink(original, async || Ok(false))
 	}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
index da141ab2..496e54c8 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{collections::VecDeque, hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher}, time::Duration};
+use std::{collections::VecDeque, hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher}};
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow};
 use tokio::{io::{self, ErrorKind::{AlreadyExists, NotFound}}, sync::mpsc};
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ impl File {
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn paste(&self, mut task: FileInPaste) -> Result<(), FileOutPaste> {
-		if task.cut && ok_or_not_found(provider::rename(&task.from, &task.to).await).is_ok() {
+		if task.cut
+			&& !task.follow
+			&& ok_or_not_found(provider::rename(&task.from, &task.to).await).is_ok()
+		{
 			return Ok(self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPaste::Succ));
 		}
 
@@ -108,8 +111,17 @@ impl File {
 				}
 				Ok(n) => self.ops.out(task.id, FileOutPasteDo::Adv(n)),
 				Err(e) if e.kind() == NotFound => {
-					warn!("Paste task partially done: {task:?}");
-					break;
+					let Ok(cha) = Self::cha(&task.from, task.follow, None).await else {
+						warn!("Paste task partially done: {task:?}");
+						break;
+					};
+
+					if cha.is_orphan() || (cha.is_link() && !task.follow) {
+						task.cha = Some(cha);
+						return Ok(self.queue(task.into_link(), NORMAL));
+					}
+
+					Err(e)?
 				}
 				// Operation not permitted (os error 1)
 				// Attribute not found (os error 93)
@@ -132,10 +144,6 @@ impl File {
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn link_do(&self, task: FileInLink) -> Result<(), FileOutLink> {
-		if !task.from.scheme().covariant(task.to.scheme()) {
-			Err(anyhow!("Source and target must be on the same filesystem: {task:?}"))?
-		}
-
 		let mut src: PathCow = if task.resolve {
 			ok_or_not_found!(
 				provider::read_link(&task.from).await,
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs
index 2c72a50b..f14547ec 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs
@@ -79,13 +79,7 @@ impl Scheduler {
 		let mut ongoing = self.ongoing.lock();
 		let id = ongoing.add::<FileProgPaste>(format!("Cut {} to {}", from.display(), to.display()));
 
-		let Ok(prefixed) = to.try_starts_with(&from) else {
-			return self
-				.ops
-				.out(id, FileOutPaste::Fail("Path being cut has a different encoding".to_owned()));
-		};
-
-		if prefixed && !to.covariant(&from) {
+		if to.try_starts_with(&from).unwrap_or(false) && !to.covariant(&from) {
 			return self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::Fail("Cannot cut directory into itself".to_owned()));
 		}
 
@@ -103,11 +97,12 @@ impl Scheduler {
 		});
 
 		let file = self.file.clone();
+		let follow = !from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme());
 		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
 			if !force {
 				to = unique_name(to, must_be_dir(&from)).await?;
 			}
-			file.paste(FileInPaste { id, from, to, cha: None, cut: true, follow: false, retry: 0 }).await
+			file.paste(FileInPaste { id, from, to, cha: None, cut: true, follow, retry: 0 }).await
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -118,17 +113,12 @@ impl Scheduler {
 			to.display()
 		));
 
-		let Ok(prefixed) = to.try_starts_with(&from) else {
-			return self
-				.ops
-				.out(id, FileOutPaste::Fail("Path being copied has a different encoding".to_owned()));
-		};
-
-		if prefixed && !to.covariant(&from) {
+		if to.try_starts_with(&from).unwrap_or(false) && !to.covariant(&from) {
 			return self.ops.out(id, FileOutPaste::Fail("Cannot copy directory into itself".to_owned()));
 		}
 
 		let file = self.file.clone();
+		let follow = follow || !from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme());
 		self.send_micro(id, LOW, async move {
 			if !force {
 				to = unique_name(to, must_be_dir(&from)).await?;
@@ -160,14 +150,13 @@ impl Scheduler {
 			to.display()
 		));
 
-		let Ok(prefixed) = to.try_starts_with(&from) else {
-			return self.ops.out(
-				id,
-				FileOutHardlink::Fail("Path being hardlinked has a different encoding".to_owned()),
-			);
-		};
+		if !from.scheme().covariant(to.scheme()) {
+			return self
+				.ops
+				.out(id, FileOutHardlink::Fail("Cannot hardlink cross filesystem".to_owned()));
+		}
 
-		if prefixed && !to.covariant(&from) {
+		if to.try_starts_with(&from).unwrap_or(false) && !to.covariant(&from) {
 			return self
 				.ops
 				.out(id, FileOutHardlink::Fail("Cannot hardlink directory into itself".to_owned()));
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs
index 22e0a354..ddc2f0d3 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/fs/read_dir.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
+use std::{mem, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
-use crate::{Error, Session, SftpPath, fs::DirEntry, requests, responses};
+use crate::{Error, Operator, Session, SftpPath, fs::DirEntry, requests, responses};
 
 pub struct ReadDir {
 	session: Arc<Session>,
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ pub struct ReadDir {
 	done:   bool,
 }
 
+impl Drop for ReadDir {
+	fn drop(&mut self) { Operator::from(&self.session).close(&self.handle).ok(); }
+}
+
 impl ReadDir {
 	pub(crate) fn new(session: &Arc<Session>, dir: SftpPath, handle: String) -> Self {
 		Self {
@@ -49,7 +53,12 @@ impl ReadDir {
 			return Ok(());
 		}
 
-		self.name = match self.session.send(requests::ReadDir::new(&self.handle)).await {
+		let result = self
+			.session
+			.send_with_timeout(requests::ReadDir::new(&self.handle), Duration::from_mins(5))
+			.await;
+
+		self.name = match result {
 			Ok(resp) => resp,
 			Err(Error::Status(status)) if status.is_eof() => {
 				self.done = true;
diff --git a/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs b/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs
index 0857bc2c..1ad674b5 100644
--- a/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs
+++ b/yazi-sftp/src/session.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::{any::TypeId, collections::HashMap, io::{self, ErrorKind}, sync::Arc, t
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use russh::{ChannelStream, client::Msg};
 use serde::Serialize;
-use tokio::{io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, ReadHalf, WriteHalf}, select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}, time::timeout};
+use tokio::{io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, ReadHalf, WriteHalf}, select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}};
 
 use crate::{Error, Id, Packet, Receiver, responses};
 
@@ -93,12 +93,7 @@ impl Session {
 		I: Into<Packet<'a>> + Serialize,
 		O: TryFrom<Packet<'static>, Error = Error> + 'static,
 	{
-		match timeout(Duration::from_secs(30), self.send_sync(input)?).await?? {
-			Packet::Status(status) if TypeId::of::<O>() != TypeId::of::<responses::Status>() => {
-				Err(Error::Status(status))
-			}
-			response => response.try_into(),
-		}
+		self.send_with_timeout(input, Duration::from_secs(45)).await
 	}
 
 	pub fn send_sync<'a, I>(self: &Arc<Self>, input: I) -> Result<Receiver, Error>
@@ -118,5 +113,22 @@ impl Session {
 		Ok(Receiver::new(self, id, rx))
 	}
 
+	pub async fn send_with_timeout<'a, I, O>(
+		self: &Arc<Self>,
+		input: I,
+		timeout: Duration,
+	) -> Result<O, Error>
+	where
+		I: Into<Packet<'a>> + Serialize,
+		O: TryFrom<Packet<'static>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+	{
+		match tokio::time::timeout(timeout, self.send_sync(input)?).await?? {
+			Packet::Status(status) if TypeId::of::<O>() != TypeId::of::<responses::Status>() => {
+				Err(Error::Status(status))
+			}
+			response => response.try_into(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	pub fn is_closed(self: &Arc<Self>) -> bool { self.tx.is_closed() }
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs
index c07b0946..211a1bf1 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/copier.rs
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@ use yazi_shared::url::{Url, UrlBuf};
 
 use crate::provider::{self, Gate};
 
+const BUF_SIZE: usize = 512 * 1024;
+const PER_CHUNK: u64 = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+
 pub(super) async fn copy_impl(from: Url<'_>, to: Url<'_>, attrs: Attrs) -> io::Result<u64> {
 	let src = provider::open(from).await?;
 	let dist = provider::create(to).await?;
 
-	let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(524288, src);
-	let mut writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(524288, dist);
+	let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, src);
+	let mut writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, dist);
 	let written = tokio::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer).await?;
 
 	writer.flush().await?;
@@ -33,32 +36,39 @@ pub(super) fn copy_with_progress_impl(
 
 	let (acc_, prog_tx_) = (acc.clone(), prog_tx.clone());
 	tokio::spawn(async move {
-		let (cha, mut src) = {
-			let f = provider::open(&*from).await?;
-			(f.metadata().await?, Some(f))
+		let init = async {
+			let src = provider::open(&*from).await?;
+			let cha = src.metadata().await?;
+
+			let dist = provider::create(&*to).await?;
+			dist.set_len(cha.len).await?;
+			Ok((cha, Some(src), Some(dist)))
 		};
 
-		let mut dist = {
-			let f = provider::create(&*to).await?;
-			f.set_len(cha.len).await?;
-			Some(f)
+		let (cha, mut src, mut dist) = match init.await {
+			Ok(r) => r,
+			Err(e) => {
+				prog_tx_.send(Err(e)).await.ok();
+				done_tx.send(()).ok();
+				return;
+			}
 		};
 
-		let chunks = (cha.len + 5242880 - 1) / 5242880;
+		let chunks = (cha.len + PER_CHUNK - 1) / PER_CHUNK;
 		let mut result = futures::stream::iter(0..chunks)
 			.map(|i| {
 				let acc_ = acc_.clone();
 				let (from, to) = (from.clone(), to.clone());
 				let (src, dist) = (src.take(), dist.take());
 				async move {
-					let offset = i * 5242880;
-					let take = cha.len.saturating_sub(offset).min(5242880);
+					let offset = i * PER_CHUNK;
+					let take = cha.len.saturating_sub(offset).min(PER_CHUNK);
 
-					let mut src = BufReader::with_capacity(524288, match src {
+					let mut src = BufReader::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, match src {
 						Some(f) => f,
 						None => provider::open(&*from).await?,
 					});
-					let mut dist = BufWriter::with_capacity(524288, match dist {
+					let mut dist = BufWriter::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE, match dist {
 						Some(f) => f,
 						None => Gate::default().write(true).open(&*to).await?,
 					});
@@ -114,7 +124,6 @@ pub(super) fn copy_with_progress_impl(
 		}
 
 		done_tx.send(()).ok();
-		Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
 	});
 
 	tokio::spawn(async move {
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
index 4a93a644..218f9ca3 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::io;
 
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Provider, local::Local}};
-use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathBufDyn, strand::AsStrand, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 use super::{Providers, ReadDir, RwFile};
 
@@ -201,27 +201,27 @@ where
 	}
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink<U, P, F>(link: U, original: P, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+pub async fn symlink<U, S, F>(link: U, original: S, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
-	P: AsPath,
+	S: AsStrand,
 	F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 {
 	Providers::new(link.as_url()).await?.symlink(original, is_dir).await
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink_dir<U, P>(link: U, original: P) -> io::Result<()>
+pub async fn symlink_dir<U, S>(link: U, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
-	P: AsPath,
+	S: AsStrand,
 {
 	Providers::new(link.as_url()).await?.symlink_dir(original).await
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink_file<U, P>(link: U, original: P) -> io::Result<()>
+pub async fn symlink_file<U, S>(link: U, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
-	P: AsPath,
+	S: AsStrand,
 {
 	Providers::new(link.as_url()).await?.symlink_file(original).await
 }
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
index 59e4b00e..e66b8356 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::io;
 
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use yazi_fs::{cha::Cha, provider::{Attrs, Provider}};
-use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
+use yazi_shared::{path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, strand::AsStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow}};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(super) enum Providers<'a> {
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Providers<'a> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink<P, F>(&self, original: P, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 	{
 		match self {
@@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Providers<'a> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink_dir<P>(&self, original: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_dir<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
 		match self {
 			Self::Local(p) => p.symlink_dir(original).await,
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Providers<'a> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink_file<P>(&self, original: P) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink_file<S>(&self, original: S) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 	{
 		match self {
 			Self::Local(p) => p.symlink_file(original).await,
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
index 6fdc063a..00e1797d 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/sftp/sftp.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use tokio::{io::{AsyncWriteExt, BufReader, BufWriter}, sync::mpsc::Receiver};
 use yazi_config::vfs::{ServiceSftp, Vfs};
 use yazi_fs::{CWD, provider::{DirReader, FileHolder, Provider}};
 use yazi_sftp::fs::{Attrs, Flags};
-use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, pool::InternStr, scheme::SchemeKind, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_shared::{loc::LocBuf, path::{AsPath, PathBufDyn}, pool::InternStr, scheme::SchemeKind, strand::AsStrand, url::{Url, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
 
 use super::Cha;
 use crate::provider::sftp::Conn;
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Sftp<'a> {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	async fn symlink<P, F>(&self, original: P, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
+	async fn symlink<S, F>(&self, original: S, _is_dir: F) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
-		P: AsPath,
+		S: AsStrand,
 		F: AsyncFnOnce() -> io::Result<bool>,
 	{
-		let original = original.as_path().as_unix()?;
+		let original = original.as_strand().encoded_bytes();
 
-		Ok(self.op().await?.symlink(&original, self.path).await?)
+		Ok(self.op().await?.symlink(original, self.path).await?)
 	}
 
 	async fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> io::Result<yazi_fs::cha::Cha> {