diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs
index 3ce23e65..2b7a96a4 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/elements/elements.rs
@@ -71,9 +71,12 @@ pub(super) fn lines(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<Value> {
 		let b = s.as_bytes();
 		let s = &*String::from_utf8_lossy(&b);
 
+		let parsed;
 		let tab_size = opts.raw_get("tab_size")?;
+
 		let mut it = if opts.raw_get("ansi")? {
-			LineIter::parsed(s.to_text().into_lua_err()?.lines, tab_size)
+			parsed = s.to_text().into_lua_err()?.lines;
+			LineIter::parsed(&parsed, tab_size)
 		} else {
 			LineIter::source(&s, tab_size)
 		};
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs
index be980fcb..3dd15a49 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/external/highlighter.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use yazi_shared::{Id, Ids, errors::PeekError, replace_to_printable};
 use yazi_shim::ratatui::LineIter;
 
 static INCR: Ids = Ids::new();
-static SYNTECT: OnceLock<(Theme, SyntaxSet)> = OnceLock::new();
 
 pub struct Highlighter {
 	path:   PathBuf,
@@ -37,8 +36,10 @@ impl Highlighter {
 	where
 		P: Into<PathBuf>,
 	{
+		static CACHE: OnceLock<(Theme, SyntaxSet)> = OnceLock::new();
+
 		let path = path.into();
-		let (theme, syntaxes) = Self::load();
+		let (theme, syntaxes) = CACHE.get_or_init(Self::load);
 
 		Ok(Self {
 			reader: BufReader::new(std::fs::File::open(&path)?),
@@ -117,9 +118,9 @@ impl Highlighter {
 		let h = self.inner.get_or_insert_with(|| HighlightLines::new(syntax, self.theme));
 
 		let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(buf);
-		let line = Self::to_line_widget(h.highlight_line(&s, self.syntaxes)?);
+		let line = [Self::to_line_widget(h.highlight_line(&s, self.syntaxes)?)];
 
-		let mut it = LineIter::parsed(vec![line], YAZI.preview.tab_size);
+		let mut it = LineIter::parsed(&line, YAZI.preview.tab_size);
 		if let Some(wrap) = YAZI.preview.wrap.into() {
 			it = it.wrapped(wrap, self.size.width);
 		}
@@ -141,20 +142,15 @@ impl Highlighter {
 		if self.ticket != INCR.current() { Err("Highlighting cancelled".into()) } else { Ok(()) }
 	}
 
-	fn load() -> (&'static Theme, &'static SyntaxSet) {
-		let f = || {
-			let theme = std::fs::File::open(&THEME.mgr.syntect_theme)
-				.map_err(LoadingError::Io)
-				.and_then(|f| ThemeSet::load_from_reader(&mut std::io::BufReader::new(f)))
-				.or_else(|_| ThemeSet::load_from_reader(&mut Cursor::new(yazi_prebuilt::ansi_theme())));
+	fn load() -> (Theme, SyntaxSet) {
+		let theme = std::fs::File::open(&THEME.mgr.syntect_theme)
+			.map_err(LoadingError::Io)
+			.and_then(|f| ThemeSet::load_from_reader(&mut std::io::BufReader::new(f)))
+			.or_else(|_| ThemeSet::load_from_reader(&mut Cursor::new(yazi_prebuilt::ansi_theme())));
 
-			let syntaxes = dumps::from_uncompressed_data(yazi_prebuilt::syntaxes());
+		let syntaxes = dumps::from_uncompressed_data(yazi_prebuilt::syntaxes());
 
-			(theme.unwrap(), syntaxes.unwrap())
-		};
-
-		let (theme, syntaxes) = SYNTECT.get_or_init(f);
-		(theme, syntaxes)
+		(theme.unwrap(), syntaxes.unwrap())
 	}
 
 	fn load_syntax(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/preview.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/preview.rs
index 302588b1..cfc1cf53 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/utils/preview.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/utils/preview.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use mlua::{ExternalError, Function, IntoLuaMulti, Lua, Table, Value};
 use yazi_binding::{Error, elements::{Area, Renderable, Text}};
-use yazi_config::YAZI;
 use yazi_fs::FsUrl;
 use yazi_parser::mgr::{PreviewLock, UpdatePeekedOpt};
 use yazi_proxy::MgrProxy;
@@ -24,12 +23,7 @@ impl Utils {
 				}
 			};
 
-			lock.data = vec![Renderable::Text(Text {
-				area,
-				inner,
-				wrap: YAZI.preview.wrap.into(),
-				scroll: Default::default(),
-			})];
+			lock.data = vec![Renderable::Text(Text { area, inner, ..Default::default() })];
 
 			MgrProxy::update_peeked(UpdatePeekedOpt { lock });
 			().into_lua_multi(&lua)
diff --git a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/grapheme.rs b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/grapheme.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index a2b8da4c..00000000
--- a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/grapheme.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copied from https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/ratatui-core/src/text/grapheme.rs
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-
-use ratatui::style::{Style, Styled};
-
-const NBSP: &str = "\u{00a0}";
-const ZWSP: &str = "\u{200b}";
-
-/// A grapheme associated to a style.
-/// Note that, although `StyledGrapheme` is the smallest divisible unit of text,
-/// it actually is not a member of the text type hierarchy (`Text` -> `Line` ->
-/// `Span`). It is a separate type used mostly for rendering purposes. A `Span`
-/// consists of components that can be split into `StyledGrapheme`s, but it does
-/// not contain a collection of `StyledGrapheme`s.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct StyledGrapheme<'a> {
-	pub symbol: Cow<'a, str>,
-	pub style:  Style,
-}
-
-impl<'a> StyledGrapheme<'a> {
-	/// Creates a new `StyledGrapheme` with the given symbol and style.
-	///
-	/// `style` accepts any type that is convertible to [`Style`] (e.g. [`Style`],
-	/// [`Color`], or your own type that implements [`Into<Style>`]).
-	///
-	/// [`Color`]: crate::style::Color
-	pub fn new<S: Into<Cow<'a, str>>>(symbol: S, style: Style) -> Self {
-		Self { symbol: symbol.into(), style }
-	}
-
-	pub fn is_whitespace(&self) -> bool {
-		let symbol = &*self.symbol;
-		symbol == ZWSP || symbol.chars().all(char::is_whitespace) && symbol != NBSP
-	}
-}
-
-impl Styled for StyledGrapheme<'_> {
-	type Item = Self;
-
-	fn style(&self) -> Style { self.style }
-
-	fn set_style<S: Into<Style>>(mut self, style: S) -> Self::Item {
-		self.style = style.into();
-		self
-	}
-}
diff --git a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/line.rs b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/line.rs
index 8e532a29..554e9545 100644
--- a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/line.rs
+++ b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/line.rs
@@ -1,83 +1,79 @@
-use std::{boxed::Box, iter, mem, str::{self, Lines}, vec::IntoIter};
+use std::{boxed::Box, iter, slice::Iter, str::{self, Lines}};
 
-use ratatui::{layout::Alignment, text::Line, widgets::Wrap};
+use ratatui::{layout::Alignment, style::Style, text::Line, widgets::Wrap};
 
 use super::wrapper::{LineComposer, WordWrapper};
 use crate::ratatui::SpanIter;
 
-type WrappedLines<'text> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (SpanIter<'text, 'text>, Alignment)> + 'text>;
+type WrappedLines<'lend, 'text> =
+	Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (SpanIter<'lend, 'text>, Alignment)> + 'lend>;
 
-pub struct LineIter<'text> {
-	inner:    LineIterInner<'text>,
+pub struct LineIter<'lend, 'text> {
+	inner:    LineIterInner<'lend, 'text>,
 	tab_size: u8,
 }
 
-enum LineIterInner<'text> {
-	Source { empty: bool, lines: Lines<'text> },
-	Parsed(IntoIter<Line<'text>>),
-	Wrapped(WordWrapper<'text, WrappedLines<'text>, SpanIter<'text, 'text>>),
-	Unlimited(WrappedLines<'text>),
-}
-
-impl<'text> LineIter<'text> {
+impl<'lend, 'text> LineIter<'lend, 'text> {
 	pub fn source(source: &'text str, tab_size: u8) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			inner: LineIterInner::Source { empty: source.is_empty(), lines: source.lines() },
+			inner: LineIterInner::Source(if source.is_empty() { "\n" } else { source }.lines()),
 			tab_size,
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn parsed(mut text: Vec<Line<'text>>, tab_size: u8) -> Self {
+	pub fn parsed(text: &'lend [Line<'text>], tab_size: u8) -> Self {
 		if text.is_empty() {
-			text.push(Line::from(""));
+			Self::source("", tab_size)
+		} else {
+			Self { inner: LineIterInner::Parsed(text.iter()), tab_size }
 		}
-		Self { inner: LineIterInner::Parsed(text.into_iter()), tab_size }
 	}
 
 	pub fn wrapped(mut self, wrap: Wrap, width: u16) -> Self {
+		if width == 0 || matches!(self.inner, LineIterInner::Wrapped(_)) {
+			return self; // No wrapping needed, return the original iterator
+		}
+
 		let lines = Box::new(iter::from_fn(move || self.next_owned()));
 		Self {
-			inner:    if width == 0 {
-				LineIterInner::Unlimited(lines)
-			} else {
-				LineIterInner::Wrapped(WordWrapper::new(lines, width, wrap.trim))
-			},
+			inner:    LineIterInner::Wrapped(WordWrapper::new(lines, width, wrap.trim)),
 			tab_size: 0,
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn next<'lend>(&'lend mut self) -> Option<(SpanIter<'lend, 'text>, Alignment)> {
+	pub fn next<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Option<(SpanIter<'a, 'text>, Alignment)> {
 		match self.inner {
-			LineIterInner::Source { .. } | LineIterInner::Parsed(_) => self.next_owned(),
+			LineIterInner::Source { .. } | LineIterInner::Parsed { .. } => self.next_owned(),
 			LineIterInner::Wrapped(ref mut wrapper) => {
 				let wrapped = wrapper.next_line()?;
 				Some((SpanIter::Wrapped(wrapped.graphemes.iter()), wrapped.alignment))
 			}
-			LineIterInner::Unlimited(ref mut lines) => lines.next(),
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn next_owned(&mut self) -> Option<(SpanIter<'text, 'text>, Alignment)> {
+	fn next_owned(&mut self) -> Option<(SpanIter<'lend, 'text>, Alignment)> {
 		match &mut self.inner {
-			LineIterInner::Source { empty, lines } => {
-				let line = if mem::replace(empty, false) {
-					Some(Line::from(""))
-				} else {
-					lines.next().map(Line::from)
-				}?;
-				let alignment = line.alignment.unwrap_or(Alignment::Left);
-
-				Some((SpanIter::new(line, self.tab_size), alignment))
+			LineIterInner::Source(it) => {
+				Some((SpanIter::from_span(it.next()?, Style::new(), self.tab_size), Alignment::Left))
 			}
-			LineIterInner::Parsed(lines) => {
-				let line = lines.next()?;
+			LineIterInner::Parsed(it) => {
+				let line = it.next()?;
 				let alignment = line.alignment.unwrap_or(Alignment::Left);
-
-				Some((SpanIter::new(line, self.tab_size), alignment))
+				Some((SpanIter::from_line(&line.spans, line.style, self.tab_size), alignment))
 			}
-			LineIterInner::Wrapped(_) | LineIterInner::Unlimited(_) => {
+			LineIterInner::Wrapped(_) => {
 				unreachable!(); // This branch is handled by next() and should never call next_owned()
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// -- LineIterInner
+enum LineIterInner<'lend, 'text>
+where
+	'lend: 'text,
+{
+	Source(Lines<'text>),
+	Parsed(Iter<'lend, Line<'text>>),
+	Wrapped(WordWrapper<'text, WrappedLines<'lend, 'text>, SpanIter<'lend, 'text>>),
+}
diff --git a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/mod.rs b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/mod.rs
index e9c80ba7..ae7fd6e5 100644
--- a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(grapheme line span wrapper);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(line span wrapper);
diff --git a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/span.rs b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/span.rs
index 9aaec920..17eaf114 100644
--- a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/span.rs
+++ b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/span.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, slice::Iter, vec::IntoIter};
+use std::slice::Iter;
 
-use ratatui::{style::Style, text::{Line, Span}};
+use ratatui::{style::Style, text::{Line, Span, StyledGrapheme}};
 use unicode_segmentation::{Graphemes, UnicodeSegmentation};
 
-use crate::ratatui::StyledGrapheme;
-
 #[allow(private_interfaces)]
 pub enum SpanIter<'lend, 'text> {
+	Span {
+		style:        Style,
+		graphemes:    Graphemes<'text>,
+		tab_size:     u8,
+		pending_tabs: u8,
+	},
 	Line {
-		spans:         IntoIter<Span<'text>>,
+		spans:         Iter<'lend, Span<'text>>,
 		line_style:    Style,
 		current:       Option<CurrentSpan<'text>>,
 		tab_size:      u8,
@@ -19,10 +23,14 @@ pub enum SpanIter<'lend, 'text> {
 }
 
 impl<'lend, 'text> SpanIter<'lend, 'text> {
-	pub(super) fn new(line: Line<'text>, tab_size: u8) -> Self {
+	pub(super) fn from_span(source: &'text str, style: Style, tab_size: u8) -> Self {
+		Self::Span { style, graphemes: source.graphemes(true), tab_size, pending_tabs: 0 }
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn from_line(spans: &'lend [Span<'text>], line_style: Style, tab_size: u8) -> Self {
 		Self::Line {
-			spans: line.spans.into_iter(),
-			line_style: line.style,
+			spans: spans.iter(),
+			line_style,
 			current: None,
 			tab_size,
 			pending_tabs: 0,
@@ -31,16 +39,34 @@ impl<'lend, 'text> SpanIter<'lend, 'text> {
 	}
 
 	pub fn into_static_line(self) -> Line<'static> {
-		Line::from_iter(self.map(|g| Span { style: g.style, content: g.symbol.into_owned().into() }))
+		Line::from_iter(self.map(|g| Span { style: g.style, content: g.symbol.to_owned().into() }))
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'lend, 'text> Iterator for SpanIter<'lend, 'text> {
+impl<'lend, 'text> Iterator for SpanIter<'lend, 'text>
+where
+	'lend: 'text,
+{
 	type Item = StyledGrapheme<'text>;
 
 	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 		match self {
-			Self::Wrapped(inner) => inner.next().cloned(),
+			Self::Span { style, graphemes, tab_size, pending_tabs } => {
+				if *pending_tabs > 0 {
+					*pending_tabs -= 1;
+					return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(" ", *style));
+				}
+
+				loop {
+					let symbol = graphemes.next()?;
+					if symbol != "\t" {
+						return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(symbol, *style));
+					} else if let Some(n) = tab_size.checked_sub(1) {
+						*pending_tabs = n;
+						return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(" ", *style));
+					}
+				}
+			}
 			Self::Line { spans, line_style, current, tab_size, pending_tabs, pending_style } => loop {
 				if *pending_tabs > 0 {
 					*pending_tabs -= 1;
@@ -48,54 +74,31 @@ impl<'lend, 'text> Iterator for SpanIter<'lend, 'text> {
 				}
 
 				if let Some(span) = current
-					&& let Some(symbol) = span.next_symbol()
+					&& let Some(symbol) = span.graphemes.next()
 				{
-					if symbol == "\t" {
-						if *tab_size == 0 {
-							continue;
-						}
-
-						*pending_tabs = tab_size.saturating_sub(1);
-						*pending_style = span.style();
-						return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(" ", span.style()));
+					if symbol != "\t" {
+						return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(symbol, span.style));
+					} else if let Some(n) = tab_size.checked_sub(1) {
+						*pending_tabs = n;
+						*pending_style = span.style;
+						return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(" ", span.style));
 					}
-
-					return Some(StyledGrapheme::new(symbol, span.style()));
+					continue;
 				}
 
 				let span = spans.next()?;
-				*current = Some(match span.content {
-					Cow::Borrowed(content) => CurrentSpan::Borrowed {
-						style:     line_style.patch(span.style),
-						graphemes: content.graphemes(true),
-					},
-					Cow::Owned(content) => CurrentSpan::Owned {
-						style:     line_style.patch(span.style),
-						graphemes: content.graphemes(true).map(str::to_owned).collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter(),
-					},
+				*current = Some(CurrentSpan {
+					style:     line_style.patch(span.style),
+					graphemes: span.content.graphemes(true),
 				});
 			},
+			Self::Wrapped(inner) => inner.next().cloned(),
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // --- CurrentSpan
-enum CurrentSpan<'text> {
-	Borrowed { style: Style, graphemes: Graphemes<'text> },
-	Owned { style: Style, graphemes: IntoIter<String> },
-}
-
-impl<'text> CurrentSpan<'text> {
-	fn style(&self) -> Style {
-		match self {
-			Self::Borrowed { style, .. } | Self::Owned { style, .. } => *style,
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn next_symbol(&mut self) -> Option<Cow<'text, str>> {
-		match self {
-			Self::Borrowed { graphemes, .. } => graphemes.next().map(Cow::Borrowed),
-			Self::Owned { graphemes, .. } => graphemes.next().map(Cow::Owned),
-		}
-	}
+struct CurrentSpan<'text> {
+	style:     Style,
+	graphemes: Graphemes<'text>,
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/wrapper.rs b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/wrapper.rs
index 77cbe7a4..da71da7b 100644
--- a/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/wrapper.rs
+++ b/yazi-shim/src/ratatui/wrapper.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 // Copied from https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/ratatui-widgets/src/reflow.rs
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, mem};
 
-use ratatui::layout::Alignment;
+use ratatui::{layout::Alignment, text::StyledGrapheme};
 use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthStr;
 
-use crate::ratatui::StyledGrapheme;
-
 pub trait LineComposer<'a> {
 	fn next_line<'lend>(&'lend mut self) -> Option<WrappedLine<'lend, 'a>>;
 }